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Years of Upheaval

Page 194

by Henry Kissinger


  on HAK’s Moscow visit (October 1973), 554, 556, 557

  coins term “shuttle diplomacy,” 799, 818

  presents six-point plan to Israel, 643, 651–653

  ON MIDDLE EAST SHUTTLES, 819, 820

  Egyptian, 822, 827, 828, 834, 835, 838

  Syrian, 1049, 1096, 1099, 1103

  Six Day War (1967), 196–197, 217

  six-point plan for Egyptian-Israeli negotiations, 641–643, 651–654, “666, 686, 750–751

  Sixth Fleet, US, 455, 475, 508, 560

  Skyhawks, 512

  SLBM (submarine-launched ballistic missile). See Polaris submarine

  Poseidon submarine and missile

  Trident submarine and missile

  Smith, Gerard, 1146

  Smith, Walter Bedell, 438

  soccer, 1179–1180

  Social Democratic Party, Chile, 408

  Socialist Party, Chile, 375, 383, 384, 394, 399

  Society of Pilgrims, HAK speech to (December 12, 1973), 725–726, 727, 771, 896–897, 898

  Solomon, Richard H., 366, 680

  Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr, 986, 988

  Son Ngoc Thanh, 342

  Sonnenfeldt, Helmut (Hal), 291, 437, 440–441, 600, 906n, 940

  on HAK’s Soviet visit (May 1973), 229, 230, 232, 282

  Southeast Asia: US involvement in, 15, 22–23, 60, 67

  see also individual countries

  South Vietnam, 9, 11, 18, 35, 85–86, 307, 311, 314, 315, 337, 339

  North Vietnamese occupation of, 327n

  prisoners of, in North Vietnam, 331–332

  and Tho-HAK negotiations of May-June 1973, 333–335

  US aid to, 315, 369–370

  and violations of Vietnam Agreement, 32, 303, 324, 328

  South Yemen, 1030

  Souvanna Phouma, 20, 21–22, 58, 316

  Soviet Union, 6, 243, 245, 1030, 1160

  and Afghanistan, 677, 1030

  and Cambodia, 343–344, 362

  and Chile, 377, 396, 410

  relations of, with China, 6, 46, 47–49, 51, 70, 83, 689

  and Cuba, 376

  interference in US communications from, 557

  Communist Party in, 244

  defense capability of, 133–134, 256, 257, 264, 273, 999, 1007–1008, 1011, 1028–1029, 1144–1145, 1146, 1148

  treatment of dissidents in, 988

  economy of, 243–244

  and Europe, 56, 57, 134, 136, 144, 145, 146, 148, 710

  and Laos, 20

  leadership of, 243

  negotiating tactics of, 1024

  and North Vietnam, 295, 1030

  HAK VISITS: April 1972, 208n, 274–275

  September 1972, 278–279

  March 1974, 994, 1021–1025

  May 1973, 228–235, 271–272, 282–284, 296

  October 1973, 542–544, 545, 548–559

  IN MIDDLE EAST, 200, 201, 202, 204–205, 210, 250, 296, 675, 794, 972, 1051

  relations with Egypt, 201, 204–205, 209–210, 469, 497, 511, 532, 637, 768, 829

  relations with Iraq, 218, 669

  relations with Syria, 218, 469, 497, 777, 785, 850, 944–945, 971, 1035, 1102

  see also and Middle East war, below; and Middle East cease-fire, below

  and Middle East peace negotiations, below; relations of, with US, below

  AND MIDDLE EAST CEASE-FIRE, 498, 509, 511, 517, 521, 571

  Brezhnev-Nixon exchanges on, 572, 605–606, 607–608, 609

  three-point draft proposal, 539–540

  proposes to send troops, 581, 582, 589

  violations of, 570, 572–573, 574, 577, 578, 579–581

  see also Alert of US forces

  AND MIDDLE EAST PEACE NEGOTIATIONS, 645–646, 943

  Egyptian-Israeli disengagement, 752–753, 805, 818, 843–844

  Geneva Middle East Peace Conference, 749–750, 755–756, 758, 767, 770, 785, 792, 794–795, 796, 804

  Syrian-Israeli disengagement, 953, 956, 958, 1033–1036, 1050, 1064–1065, 1092

  US-Soviet “auspices” for, 558–559, 646, 747, 756, 941

  AND MIDDLE EAST WAR, 468, 469–470, 480, 509–510, 519–520

  airlift, 497, 499, 504, 507, 510, 511–512, 521, 549–550, 584, 709

  encourages Jordan and Algeria to enter, 494

  airlifts dependents out of Egypt and Syria, 465, 466–467

  movement of forces, 475, 552, 584, 599

  informed of Syrian and Egyptian troop movements, 451–453

  RELATIONS OF, WITH UNITED STATES, 49, 51, 53–55, 239–242, 245–246, 287, 980–981, 982–985, 1151, 1153

  and China, 233, 295, 1173, 1174

  economic, 246–254, 294

  and Jewish emigration policies, 249–255, 430, 463, 469, 986–998, 1022, 1030

  discussed by HAK in press conference of October 25, 1973, 594–596

  and Middle East, 207, 222, 286, 295–299, 463, 612–613, 764–765, 1022, 1165, (cease-fire) 547–548, 568, 569, 582–597, (negotiations) 940–944, 969, (war) 458–459, 471–472, 473, 474–475, 479, 480–481, 486–487, 489, 498–499, 502–503, 508, 517, 518, 521–522, 525, 531, 532–534, 539–540, 542–544, 713

  and military balance, 258–259

  Nixon speech on, at Moscow summit, 1162–1163

  proposed unconditional treaty of nonaggression, 1173–1174

  and violations of Vietnam Agreement, 317–318, 322

  and Vietnam war, 237, 274–275

  and Watergate, 122–123, 287–289, 300, 1030–1031, 1152–1153, 1160–1161

  see also Agreement on the Prevention of Nuclear War

  détente Moscow summit; SALT; Washington summit

  Spain, 709, 714, 792

  Sparkman, John, 428, 429, 430, 1115

  Sprague, William, 820n

  SS missiles. See ICBM: SS

  Staden, Berndt von, 123, 159, 715, 933

  Stalin, Joseph, 243, 459, 1170

  State, Department of, 6, 403–404, 684, 1092

  prepares Atlantic Declaration draft, 183

  Bureau of Intelligence and Research (INR), 462n, 463, 464

  permanent career service of, 434

  and Chile, 379, 385, 386, 387, 389, 390, 410

  and Cuba, 419

  and Cyprus crisis, 1190

  and Foreign Service, 443–444

  Historical Division of, 347

  and India, 420

  internal organization of, 435, 436, 437–440

  HAK’s changes in, 440–442

  HAK becomes head of, 423–432

  physical layout of, 432–433

  Near East bureau, 581

  Nixon’s relationship with, 414, 418, 424, 434–435

  and nuclear testing, 1166

  and oil crisis, 867, 874, 901–902

  and SALT II, 265, 267, 270

  and Vietnam Agreement violations, 328

  and US weapons programs, 263

  AND MIDDLE EAST, 196, 200, 201, 214, 225

  Middle East war, 478

  Palestinian problem, 977

  possible peace settlement in, 206, 207, 209

  US-Saudi relations, 974

  State of the Union address (1974), 892, 893, 914

  Statute of Democratic Guarantees, Chile, 375, 394

  Stennis, John, 537, 543, 547, 809, 1152

  step-by-step approach. See Middle East peace negotiations

  Stevenson, Adlai, 997

  Stoessel, Walter, 183, 940, 1153

  Strachan, Gordon, 970

  Strategic Air Command, 588

  strategic arms limitation talks. See SALT

  strategic superiority, concept of, 1175–1177

  strategic weapons. See defense program, US: strategic forces; nuclear weapons

  Strauss, Robert, 431

  submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBM). See Polaris submarine; Poseidon submarine and missile; Trident submarine and missile

  Substitute Foreign Assistance Act and Related Assistance Act, Symington-Case amendment to, 338

&n
bsp; Suez Canal, 215, 799, 835n, 937

  and Egyptian-Israeli disengagement of forces, 817, 822, 823, 825, 835

  fighting along, during Middle East war, 473, 474, 532, 538, 546, 565

  Suez crisis, 708

  Sukhodrev, Viktor, 232, 291, 294, 298, 940

  at 1974 Moscow summit, 1161, 1162, 1174

  Sulh, Taqi al-Din al-, 788

  Sullivan, William H., 33, 305, 325, 334

  Sun Tzu, 459

  Supplementary Foreign Assistance Act of 1970, Cooper-Church amendment to, 338

  Supreme Court: and Watergate tapes, 1180, 1193

  decision of, on wiretapping, 119, 429

  Swank, Emory C. (Coby), 347, 348

  HAK meets with, in Bangkok, 15–16, 17

  Sweden, 413

  Switzerland, 408

  Symington-Case amendment (to Substitute Foreign Assistance Act and Related Assistance Act), 338

  Syria, 205, 213, 216, 219, 226, 675, 954

  and Algiers summit, 756–757

  and Egypt, 848

  and Jordan (Hussein), 217

  and Ma’alot crisis, 1078

  Nixon visits (June 1974), 1131–1135

  and oil embargo, 893, 894

  Palestinians in, 1090–1091, 1098, 1103, 1104

  and PLO, 503, 1140–1141

  domestic politics of, 779–780

  and Six Day War, 197

  relations of, with US, 749, 760–761, 777, 785, 941, 1087, 1135–1136

  see also Asad, Hafez al-

  AND ISRAEL, 197, 777, 935, 936

  feelings about disengagement, 1044–1047, 1069, 1073, 1082–1083

  sporadic fighting on Golan Heights, 937, 1039

  jets shot down by, 464

  see also and Middle East war, below;

  Syrian-Israeli disengagement

  HAK VISITS, 1072–1073

  December 1973, 197, 777–778, 782–785, 786

  January 1974, 848–851, 937–939

  February 1974, 953–959

  March 1974, 970–974

  May 1974, 1058–1060, 1066–1068, 1073–1074, 1075, 1082–1084, 1087–1089, 1096–1101, 1104–1106

  AND MIDDLE EAST WAR, 450–451, 453, 454, 458, 459, 460, 476, 480

  agrees to observe cease-fire, 575

  military preparations for, 461, 462, 463, 464

  AND PEACE NEGOTIATIONS, 200, 201, 645, 748, 778, 849, 1135

  domestic opposition to, 1133

  Egyptian-Israeli disengagement, 815, 845

  Geneva Middle East Peace Conference, 765, 775, 792, 795, 798

  views on Soviet participation in, 944, 1035

  wants US role in, 749, 941

  possible West Bank, 1140

  see also Syrian-Israeli disengagement

  RELATIONS OF, WITH SOVIET UNION, 218, 469, 497, 777, 785, 850, 944–945, 971, 1035, 1102

  Soviet airlift to, 497, 499, 504, 507, 510, 511–512, 521

  Soviet Union airlifts dependents out of, 465, 466–467

  Syrian-Israeli disengagement, 963–964, 1109

  agreement, 1099, 1103, 1105–1107

  NEGOTIATIONS, 959, 1055–1057, 1058, 1092–1093, 1096

  Israeli position leaked (May 10, 1974), 1071

  Israeli positions/proposals, (January 28, 1974) 939, (February 1974) 960

  (February 27, 1974) 963, 964–965, (March 29, 1974) 1042–1043, 1044, (May 2, 1974) 1057, (May 5, 1974) 1062, (May 6, 1974) 1063, (May 7, 1974) 1065, (May 13, 1974) 1075, (May 14, 1974) 1077, (May 17, 1974) 1084, (on limitation of forces) 1089, 1090, 1093–1094, 1103

  Syrian positions/proposals, (January 20, 1974) 850, 851, 937–939, (February 27, 1974) 958, (March 1, 1974), 973, (April 13, 1974) 1044–1045, (May 3, 1974) 1060, (May 8, 1974) 1068, 1069, (May 12, 1974) 1074, (May 14, 1974) 1075, (May 16, 1974) 1083, (May 18, 1974) 1088, (on limitation of forces) 1089–1090, 1093–1094, 1098, 1099

  US links to oil embargo, 939–940

  US proposal of February 5, 1974, 939

  “United States proposal” (force limitation), 1093, 1099

  Taft, Robert A., 1152

  Taiwan, 47, 60, 61, 63, 684, 688, 691–692

  Tanaka, Kakuei, 56, 741–743

  Tang Wensheng (T’ang Wen-sheng; Nancy Tang), 694, 696

  taping system, Oval Office, 110-114

  see also Watergate: tapes

  Task Force on Oil Import Control, 855–856

  TASS, 509–510, 1152–1153

  Tehran, Iran, OPEC meeting in (December 1973), 884, 885

  Tehran agreement (1971), 865

  Teng Hsiao-p’ing. See Deng Xiaoping

  “Tension and Detente,” 252

  Texas Railroad Commission, 855, 858

  Thach, Nguyen Co, 33, 325

  Thailand, 13–15, 59

  HAK visits (February 1973), 14–15

  Thieu, Nguyen Van, 11, 323, 332

  and Tho-HAK negotiations of May-June 1973, 334, 335

  visits United States (April 1973), 310–311, 314–315

  and Vietnam Agreement, 15, 303, 304, 305

  and Vietnam peace negotiations, 309–310

  Third Army, Egyptian, 546

  cut off, 571, 574–575, 576, 590, 640

  question of supplies (medical) for, 598, 601, 602–605, 607, 608–611, 614–615, 623–624

  Third World, 6, 859

  Tho, Le Duc, 23–24, 25, 38–39, 40, 130, 163, 336–337, 351

  and understanding on Cambodian peace settlement, 10–11, 36

  HAK’s last meeting with, 792

  and HAK’s visit to North Vietnam (February 1973), 23–24, 26, 27, 28

  and Laotian cease-fire, 10, 21, 35

  awarded Nobel Peace Prize, 370, 372

  MEETINGS OF, WITH HAK, RE VIOLATIONS OF VIETNAM AGREEMENT: February 1973, in Hanoi, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37

  May-June 1973, 327, 329–334, 351

  proposed, 323, 324, 325, 326

  Thompson, Sir Robert, 35

  Thorn, Gaston, 933

  “threshold” nuclear test ban, 1166, 1167–1168

  Time magazine, 634, 820n, 1086n, 1111, 1117, 1118

  Times, London, 161

  Titan II. See ICBM: Titan II Tito, Josip Broz, 228

  Tlas, Mustafa, 1074, 1104, 1105

  Tohá Gonzales, José, 384

  totalitarian governments, 312–313

  Tower, John, 262

  Transportation, Department of, 501

  Treasury, Department of, 974

  and Chilean debt, 385, 387, 390, 403, 410

  Trend, Sir Burke, 123, 142, 143, 151, 189, 191–192, 278, 870

  Trident submarine and missile, 257, 259, 261, 265, 267, 273, 1000–1001, 1002, 1003–1004, 1015, 1148

  Tripoli agreement (1971), 865

  Truman, Harry S., 66, 203, 434

  Tunisia, HAK visits (November 1973), 631, 632

  Tunney, John, 1121

  Turkey, 55, 67, 708

  and Cyprus, 1189–1192

  Turkish-Greek conflict, historical, 1188–1189

  Two-Party Joint Military Commission (South Vietnam), 334

  Ullmann, Liv, 4

  Ultima Hora, 402

  Unidad Popular (UP), Chile, 383, 384

  United Kingdom. See Britain

  United Nations, 412, 607

  and Geneva Middle East Peace Conference, 758, 790, 791

  and Palestinian attacks on Kiryat Shmona, 1048–1049

  GENERAL ASSEMBLY: Allende addresses, 395

  HAK addresses, 447, (September 1975) 887

  Sixth Special Session of, 1032, 1092

  AND MIDDLE EAST WAR, 471, 472, 474, 480, 486, 489, 502

  cease-fire, 555, 557–558, 582, 583, 592, 598

  Kilometer 101 talks, 610, 611

  proposed observer force, 579, 582, 592, 598, 601, 605, 713

  SECURITY COUNCIL, 480, 486, 489, 502

  Resolution 242, 197, 295–296, 503, 539, 543, 554, 624, 1133

  Resolution 338, 554n, 558, 1133

  Resolution 339, 575

  Resolution 340, 59
8, 599

  United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 392

  United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF), 1094, 1099

  United Nations World Food Conference, 429, 447

  “United States proposal”: on Egyptian-Israeli force limitations, 828, 832, 838, 840, 841, 844

  on Syrian-Israeli force limitations, 1093, 1099

  Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 412

  USSR. See Soviet Union

  Ustinov, Dmitri, 1007, 1171

  Vaky, Viron P., 389

  Valeriani, Richard, 820n, 968, 1086n

  Vanik, Charles, 251

  van Voorst, Bruce, 820n, 1086n

  Verification Panel. See National Security Council: Verification Panel

  Vientiane, Laos, 18

  Viet Cong, 86, 303, 327, 332

  Vietnam Peace Agreement. See Agreement on Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam

  Vietnam peace negotiations, 7, 29, 62, 130, 163

  Vietnam war, 10, 11, 52, 58–59, 82–89, 308–309, 1183

  Christmas bombing, 137, 142

  and US defense program, 134

  and old foreign policy Establishment, 84, 86, 87

  European reaction to, 137

  in Laos, 18

  North Vietnamese spring offensive, 274–275

  opposition to, in United States, 5, 84, 85, 86–87, 88, 89, 94, 339

  Thailand and, 14

  effects of, and Watergate, 81, 89, 102

  see also Pentagon Papers

  Vinogradov, Sergei, 752, 753, 770, 785, 795, 844, 1087

  Vladivostok, USSR, 48

  Vladivostok agreement, 273, 1028, 1173

  Vorontsov, Yuli, 280, 509, 569, 570, 571, 572–573

  Wade, James P., 1154

  Wahba, Dr. Ihab Said, 214n

  Waldheim, Kurt, 412, 604, 805

  at Geneva Middle East Peace Conference, 795

  and Middle East war, 455, 472, 502, 569

  and six-point plan, 653, 654

  and UN Middle East peacekeeping force, 596, 598

  Wallach, John, 820n

  Wall Street Journal, 600, 820n, 988, 1125

  Walters, Vernon A., 627, 628–629, 1036, 1037

  Wang Hairong (Wang Hai-jung), 64, 694

  War Powers Act, 429, 510, 582, 593

  Warren, Gerald L., 455

  Washington Energy Conference, 166, 902, 904, 905, 911–918, 919–924, 954

  announced, 901

  communiqué of, 920, 921

  follow-up to, 917, 918, 919, 920–921

  preparations for, 906–911, 921

  Washington Post, 36:, 372, 415, 820n, 1086n, 1191

  on bombing halt in Cambodia, 360

  and HAK and wiretaps, 1115, 1117, 1118

  on US Middle East initiative, 195

  on 1974 Moscow summit, 1177

  on “secret” SALT agreement, 1150

  on Soviet emigration policies, 251

  on US-Soviet Middle East confrontation, 599

 

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