Guns or Butter

by Bernstein, Irving;

  and voting rights speech, 235

  Gordon, Kermit: and 1965

  budget negotiations, 28—30, 31, 32—34;

  and education task force, 185;

  on Great Society concept, 132;

  on House version of Water Quality Act, 284;

  on opening of Medicare, 181;

  and reorganization of Office of Education, 202;

  and task force on Model Cities, 462;

  and War on Poverty, 94, 95–96, 98, 101, 112

  Gore, Albert, 8;

  and Medicare bill, 167, 168, 175;

  and tax-cut bill, 35–36

  Gore amendment (King-Anderson bill), 162, 164, 167

  Gores, Harold B., 187

  Graham, Henry V., 232, 233

  Graves, Hamp, 508

  Great Depression, 84

  Great Smoky Mountains National Park, 275

  Greek Archdiocese, 249

  Green, Edith, 54–55, 430;

  and Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, 108, 109;

  and Elementary and Secondary Education Act, 195–96, 197, 198;

  and Higher Education Act, 207–8, 210

  Gregory, Dick, 234

  Grier, Roosevelt, 505

  Griffin, Robert, 499

  Griffiths, Martha, 53, 54

  Griffth, Mary, 11

  Grose, Peter, 380

  Gross, Harold R., 444

  Gruening, Ernest, 76, 193, 381, 417;

  and Tonkin Gulf Resolution, 338

  Guevara, Che, 420

  Guns-or-butter metaphor, 526

  Guthrie, Woody, 84

  Haagen-Smit, A. J., 289, 290

  Haar, Charles M., 344;

  and Model Cities Act, 461, 465, 467;

  on urban crisis, 458–59

  Haas, Saul, 456

  Habib, Philip, 481

  Hackett, David: and War on Poverty, 89, 95, 96, 112

  Halberstam, David, 327;

  The Best and the Brightest, 332, 333;

  on Johnson’s hiding cost of war, 358–59;

  on McNamara, 334

  Halleck, Charles, 48, 67, 78, 170

  Hallin, Daniel C., 380

  Halperin, Samuel, 191

  Hamer, Fannie Lou, 138

  Hamilton, Alexander, 3

  Harding, Bertrand, 113

  Harding, Warren, 248

  Hare, James, 215, 218

  Hargiss, Billy, 466

  Harlan, John Marshall, 243

  Harriman, Averell, 17, 341, 362;

  opposition to Vietnam War, 327, 480;

  and Paris peace talks, 518;

  “Wise Men” meetings, 425

  Harriman, E. H., 245

  Harrington, Michael, 401;

  The Other America, 91–92, 501;

  and task force on poverty, 102

  Harris, Dickie, 421

  Harris, Fred: opposition to House AFDC amendments, 436

  Harris, Oren, 52

  Harris, Richard, 175

  Harris, Sam, 446

  Harris, Seymour E., 364

  Hart, Phil, 75

  Hartke, Vance: and Medicare bill, 167, 175;

  opposition to bombing of North Vietnam, 409;

  and tax-cut bill, 35

  Haryou, 107

  Hatcher, Richard, 496

  Hatfield, Mark, 417, 499

  Hatfield, Tom, 26

  Hay den, Carl: and vote for cloture on Civil Rights Act debate, 71, 76

  Hayden, Tom, 400–1, 512

  Hayek, Friedrich A.: The Road to Serfdom, 119–20, 121

  Hayes, Maureen, 57

  Hays, John, 453

  Head Start, 187, 191

  Health Care Insurance Act (Javits bill), 162, 164

  Health Insurance Benefits Advisory Council, 181

  Heckscher, August, 442;

  The Arts and the National Government, 442

  Heineman, Ben W., 398, 437;

  task force on Model Cities, 462

  Heller, Walter, 9, 29, 30;

  and 1965 budget negotiations, 30–33;

  concern about Vietnam War, 380;

  on 1965 economy, 363;

  on effect of war on economy, 378;

  Godkin Lectures, 40;

  and Kennedy poverty program, 92, 93–95;

  memorandum on end of war, 407;

  proposed task force on education, 185;

  and tax-cut bill, 38–39;

  and War on Poverty, 95–98, 101, 107

  Hellman, Lillian, 333

  Helms, Richard N., 356, 399

  Hennock, Frieda, 452

  Henry, David, 453

  Henry, E. William, 453

  Henshaw, John, 134

  Herald-Tribune (New York), 154

  Herlong, A. Sydney, 160, 170

  Herr, Michael, 349, 352–53

  Herrick, John J., 336–37

  Hersey, John: Hiroshima, 381, 382

  Herz, Alice, 381

  Hesburgh, Theodore M., 97

  Hess, Karl, 130

  Hickel, Walter J., 305

  Hickenlooper, Bourke, 72, 73, 74–75, 77

  Higher Education Act of 1965, 188, 192, 203–5;

  cost, 211;

  in the House, 207–9;

  Ribicoff income tax credit, 206;

  in the Senate, 209–10;

  signing, 210;

  student loan issue, 205–7, 208;

  teaching professions amendment, 209;

  titles, 210–11;

  Waggoner-Dirksen amendment, 208, 210

  Higher Education Facilities Act, 184, 201

  Higher Education Loan Pool (HELP), 206

  Highway Beautification Act, 303, 304

  Hill, Gerry, 483

  Hill, Lister, 65, 77, 161, 198, 443

  Hill, Roderic, 384

  Hilsman, Roger, 341;

  and Vietnam War, 327

  Himmelfarb, Gertrude, 83

  Hirshhorn, Joseph, 444–45;

  collection, 447–48;

  museum, 448–51

  Hiss, Alger, 120

  Hitch, Charles, 335

  Hitler, Adolph: Mein Kampf, 246

  Hobby, Oveta Culp, 157, 453, 456

  Ho Chi Minh, 324–25, 326;

  military advantages, 330

  Ho Chi Minh Trail, 326

  Hochwalt, Frederick, 190, 192

  Hodges, Luther, 30, 79

  Hodgson, Godfrey: on George Wallace, 508;

  on Lowenstein’s strategy in 1968

  presidential race, 483

  Hoffman, Abbie, 512

  Hofstadter, Richard: “The Paranoid Style in American Politics,” 121

  Holifield, Chet, 414

  Hoover, Herbert, 304

  Hoover, J. Edgar: campaign to destroy Martin Luther King, 216–17

  Hopps, Walter, 451

  Hopson, Howell, 85

  Horowitz, Harold, 101, 102

  Hospital Insurance Trust Fund, 178

  Houlihan, John, 101

  House of Representatives.

  See U. S. House of Representatives Housing and Urban Development:

  conflict with Model Cities Act, 467–68

  Housing and Urban Renewal: Comprehensive Development Plan, 469

  Hovde, Frederick L., 184

  Hoving, Thomas, 454

  Howe, Quincy, 262

  Hruska, Roman, 73

  Huber, Fr. Oscar L., 15

  Hubris: and Lyndon Johnson, 542;

  meaning of, 575 n.4

  Hudson, Charles L., 179

  Hughes, Charles Evans, 189

  Hughes, Joseph D., 456

  Hughes, Philip S., 266, 284

  Hughes, Richard, 418

  Hughes, Sarah, 15

  Humphrey, Hubert Horatio, Jr., 24, 58–61;

  attack on Wallace, 517–18;

  concern about Johnson’s candidacy intentions, 511;

  creation of farm-labor coalition, 310;

  and 1964 Democratic convention, 138–39;

  in 1960 election, 5;

  in 1968 election, 521;

/>   as floor leader for Civil Rights Bill, 61;

  on Johnson-Dirksen relationship, 68;

  on Johnson’s lack of prejudice, 45;

  and Medicare bill, 166;

  presidential ambitions, 60–61; 1964

  presidential campaign, 153; 1968

  presidential campaign, 515–18; 1968

  presidential candidacy, 508–9;

  refusal to expose Nixon’s peace talk plot, 520;

  relationship with Johnson, 61;

  Salt Lake City speech, 516–17;

  and Selma march, 228;

  and Senate Civil Rights Act debate, 65–66, 69–75, 77, 81;

  support for as vice presidential candidate, 140;

  “Vietnam: Toward a Political Settlement and Peace in Vietnam,” 510;

  and voting rights bill, 235;

  and wilderness legislation, 275, 276, 278

  Humphrey, Muriel Fay Buck, 59, 141, 509

  Huntington, Samuel P., 510

  Ickes, Harold, 265

  Immigrants: between 1966 and 1980, 259–60;

  Irish, 249;

  southern and eastern European, 247;

  as victims of ethnic prejudice, 245–49

  Immigration Act of 1917, 247

  Immigration Act of 1921, 248

  Immigration Act of 1965: administration bill, 253–54;

  administration strategy, 255;

  conference report, 258;

  Ervin amendment, 257;

  in House, 257;

  naming of, 256—57;

  provisions, 258–59;

  in Senate, 257;

  significance, 259–60;

  signing, 258;

  Western Hemisphere issue, 256, 259

  Immigration and Nationality (McCarran-Walter) Act of 1952, 249, 252;

  creation of Bureau of Security and Consular Affairs, 250

  Immigration and Naturalization Service, 259

  Immigration policy, 247–50;

  literacy tests, 247;

  national quota system, 248–49;

  reform efforts, 249

  Indochinese Union, 324

  Industrial Production Index: 1965, 363

  Inflation: 1966

  as beginning of, 365–66;

  and economic expansion, 368;

  as result of Vietnam War, 358, 377

  Ink, Dwight A., 202–3

  Insurance industry: opposition to Medicare, 163–64

  Intercollegiate Socialist Society, 399–400

  International Days of Protest, 382, 412

  International Institute of Pubic Opinion Research, 153

  International Ladies’ Garment Workers, 430

  Interstate Highway System, 299–300;

  outdoor advertising, 300

  Irons, Richard, 332

  Isaacson, Walter: on “Wise Men” meeting, 481

  Isenbergh, Max, 442

  Jackson, Andrew, 3

  Jackson, Henry “Scoop,” 76, 142, 272;

  opposition to more troops in Vietnam, 479

  Jackson, Jimmie Lee, 221–22, 244

  Jackson, Robert, 23

  Jacobs, Paul, 102

  Jaffa, Harry, 130

  Japanese-American Organization, 249

  Japanese Exclusion Act (National Origins Act of 1924), 248

  Javits, Jacob, 69, 227;

  Javits bill (Health Care Insurance Act), 162, 164, 170;

  proposed amendment to Higher Education Act, 206;

  and voting rights bill, 238, 239

  Jaworski, Leon, 296

  Jay, John, 23

  Jeannette Rankin Brigade, 330

  Jefferson, Thomas, 3

  Jenkins, Walter, 17;

  and 1964 Democratic National Convention, 138;

  and Johnson’s 1964

  candidacy decision, 133;

  and Johnson’s choice of running mate, 133, 139, 140, 141, 142;

  and 1964 presidential campaign, 145;

  scandal and resignation from Johnson staff, 151–52

  Job Corps, 103–4, 112

  John Birch Society, 120

  John F. Kennedy Center, 20, 440–41

  John F. Kennedy Space Center, 20

  Johnson, Frank M., 227, 228, 229, 230

  Johnson, Harold K., 496

  Johnson, Hiram, 61

  Johnson, Lady Bird, 18, 19, 540;

  beautification program, 298;

  “Black Tuesday,” 382;

  campaigning in Dallas, 7;

  and conservation, 267;

  description of JFK assassination, 11;

  and Eakins painting for White House, 446, 448;

  and Eartha Kitt’s denunciation of war, 472;

  education, 184;

  and Hirshhorn museum, 447, 448, 449;

  on Johnson’s health, 487–88;

  and LBJ’s 1964

  candidacy decision, 133–34;

  and LBJ’s 1968 candidacy decision, 487;

  on LBJ’s voting rights speech, 235, 236;

  preference for McCarthy as VP, 139, 140;

  statement about Jenkins, 152;

  visits to poor, 106

  Johnson, Luci, 62, 425;

  opposition to LBJ’s 1968 candidacy, 487

  Johnson, Lynda, 24, 62, 490;

  opposition to LBJ’s 1968

  candidacy, 487

  Johnson, Lyndon, AS VICE PRESIDENT: advantages of vice presidency for, 6;

  attempt to expand vice presidential powers, 8—9;

  barriers to presidency in 1960 elections, 4–5; 1960

  campaign, 7;

  defeat in Senate, 8;

  dreams of entrapment, 9;

  “LBJ Victory Special,” 7;

  reasons for acceptance of vice presidency, 5–6;

  travel overseas, 10;

  unhappiness as vice president, 11;

  West Berlin speech, 10

  Johnson, Lyndon, TRANSITION TO PRESIDENCY: address to joint session of congress, 24, 33;

  agenda for transitions, 18;

  building of staff, 21;

  as caretaker of Kennedy legacy, 20;

  establishment of Warren Commission, 22–23;

  first actions after assassination, 15, 16–18;

  first press conference, 25–26;

  legitimation process, 19–20, 26;

  oath of office, 16–17;

  public support for, 26;

  retention of Kennedy staff members, 20–21; 1964

  State of the Union message, 34;

  unity appeal to liberals, 25;

  unity appeal to Republican leadership, 24–25

  Johnson, Lyndon, CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964, 63–64;

  commitment to bill, 45, 80–81;

  concern over passage of bill, 64;

  defeat of 1957 civil rights bill, 44;

  meetings with civil rights leaders, 79–80;

  and school desegregation, 394–96;

  signing of bill, 78–79

  Johnson, Lyndon, CIVIL UNREST: federal programs to address problems in Watts, 389;

  Howard University commencement address, 390–91;

  response to antiwar movement, 382–83, 399;

  response to Chicago riots, 497;

  response to Detroit riots, 418–19;

  response to march on Pentagon, 418–19;

  response to Watts riots, 386;

  and White House festival of the arts, 381–82

  Johnson, Lyndon, EDUCATION LEGISLATION: administration of, 212;

  commitment to, 183–84, 212;

  Higher Education Act, 209;

  legislative strategy, 188, 189, 193;

  and Loomis appointment, 202, 212;

  and task force on education, 185–86, 187;

  “Toward Full Educational Opportunity” address, 191–92

  Johnson, Lyndon, 1964

  ELECTION: assurance of peace, 148–49;

  campaign, 145–47, 148–49, 150–51;

  and Democratic gains in Congress, 155;

  electoral votes, 154; />
  Jenkins affair, 151–53;

  polls, 153–54;

  popular vote, 154–55;

  press support for, 154;

  and racial crisis at Democratic convention, 136–39;

  selection of running mate, 134–36, 139–42;

  self-doubt and depression, 132–34;

  shaping of Democratic platform, 142

  Johnson, Lyndon, 1968

  ELECTION: decision to not seek reelection, 486–92;

  effect of pressure on health, 487–88;

  fear of stroke, 488–89;

  and Humphrey’s candidacy, 509, 518, 520;

  and Humphrey’s Salt Lake City speech, 516;

  and Humphrey’s statement on Vietnam War, 510;

  and Nixon’s peace talk plot, 519–21;

  paranoia, 489–90;

  rejection of Democratic peace plank, 511

  Johnson, Lyndon, ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION: air pollution legislation, 292–93, 296;

  and Clean Water Reclamation Act, 286;

  failure to sign public lands orders, 304—5;

  growth of national park system under, 272—73;

  highway beautification bill, 299, 300, 301–2;

  message on conservation, 271–72;

  and plan to reorganize Department of Interior, 285, 286;

  “Protecting Our National Heritage” address to Congress, 295;

  signing of Land and Water Conservation Fund bill, 271–72;

  support for Water Quality Act of 1965, 283

  Johnson, Lyndon, FRIENDS AND COLLEAGUES: relationship with

  Edmund Muskie, 281–82;

  with Everett Dirksen, 68;

  with Hubert Humphrey, 61;

  with McGeorge Bundy, 333;

  with Richard Nixon, 518;

  with Richard Russell, 62–63;

  with Robert Kennedy, 134;

  with Robert McNamara, 333;

  with Stewart Udall, 267;

  with Wilbur Cohen, 159

  Johnson, Lyndon, GREAT SOCIETY: commencement address at University of Michigan, 132, 185;

  conception of, 131–32;

  reluctance to cut programs, 370, 372, 374, 426

  Johnson, Lyndon, IMMIGRATION REFORM: commitment to, 252–53;

  and Immigration act of 1965, 256;

  special message to Congress on immigration, 255;

  vote for McCarran-Walter Act, 252

  Johnson, Lyndon, INFLATION: Cabinet Committee on Price Stability, 368;

  and metals prices, 362–63;

  reaction to increase in interest rates, 364–65;

  refusal to raise taxes, 365;

  responsibility for inflation, 377–78;

  State of the Budget and the Economy message to Congress, 368–69;

  and surtax bill, 367, 368, 370–72, 375–77;

  and USW contract negotiations, 361

  Johnson, Lyndon, LEGISLATIVE FAILURES: home rule bill for District of Columbia, 313—14;

  omnibus civil rights bill of 1966, 390–92;

  repeal of Section 14b of Taft-Hartley, 309, 311, 312

  Johnson, Lyndon, MEDICARE: and AMA’s acceptance of Medicare, 179—80;

  commitment to Medicare, 159, 161, 170, 182;

  and passage of Medicare bill, 172, 173