Guns or Butter

by Bernstein, Irving;

  Perkins, Carl: and Elementary and Secondary Education Act, 193–94

  Perkins, Frances, 157

  Perkins, Tony, 234

  Perlman, Selig, 157

  Peterson, Esther, 52–53

  Pickering, George W., 398

  Pierson, DeVier, 304, 305

  Pinchot, Gifford, 265, 274

  Pollak, Stephen, 424

  Poll taxes, 222, 223, 224

  Poole, Cecil, 421

  Port Huron Statement, 400–1

  Post (Washington), 152

  Post-traumatic stress disorder, 532–33

  Potofsky, Jacob, 430

  Poverty: culture of, 83, 89–90, 91–92;

  in Cumberland Plateau, 90–91;

  English discovery of, 82–83;

  inequity argument, 85;

  and rise of industrialism, 82;

  study of, 88–92;

  in U.S., 87

  Powell, Adam Clayton, 107;

  and education legislation, 194–95, 198, 208, 210;

  and Martin Luther King, 396

  Powell, Charlie, 404

  Powers, Thomas, 330

  President’s Commission on the Assassination of

  President John F. Kennedy (Warren Commission), 22–23

  President’s Commission on the Status of Women, 53

  President’s Task Force on the Quality of the Environment, 304

  Progressive (Bull Moose) Party, 117

  Progressive Labor Party, 414

  Prouty, Winston, 109, 200, 239

  Proxmire, William, 368

  Public Broadcasting Act, 455–57

  Public Broadcasting System, 457

  Public Health Service: opposition to air pollution regulation, 290;

  and water pollution enforcement, 282, 287

  Public television, 454

  Pucinski, Roman, 195, 395, 396

  Pueblo, 472–73

  Pusey, Nathan, 332

  Putnam, Katherine Lawrence, 331

  Quadriad, 364

  Quayle, Danforth J., 536

  Quayle, Oliver, 153

  Quigley, James, 287, 292, 394;

  and withholding of federal funds for Chicago schools, 394

  Raby, Albert A., 395

  Radio broadcasting, 452

  Rafsky, William: task force on Model Cities, 462

  Ramparts, 416

  Randolph, A. Philip, 79

  Randolph, Jennings, 296;

  and Air Quality Act of 1967, 296, 297;

  and Senate subcommittee on roads, 299

  Randolph, Phil, 417

  Rankin, Jeannette, 330

  Raskin, A. H., 104, 105, 401, 403;

  on Yarmolinsky, 110

  Rauh, Joseph L. Jr., 25, 72, 137, 225

  Ray, James Earl, 494–95

  Rayburn, Sam, 5, 18, 160;

  and Smith’s domination of House Rules Committee, 47–48

  Reagan, Ronald, 149, 407, 410–11; 1968

  presidential race, 507

  Reeb, James J., 228, 229–30, 231, 244

  Reed, Roy, 227

  Reedy, George, 5, 8, 317;

  on the 1957 civil rights bill, 46;

  on Dirksen, 68;

  and Johnson’s 1964

  candidacy decision, 133;

  on Johnson’s change in leadership style, 542;

  on Johnson’s lack of prejudice, 45;

  on Johnson’s performance after assassination, 26;

  on Johnson’s personality, 538–39, 540, 541;

  on Lady Bird Johnson, 540;

  on Richard Russell, 62;

  and Walter Jenkins affair, 151, 152

  Reese, Frederick D., 219, 220

  Refugee Relief Act of 1953, 248, 250

  Regnery, Henry, 119

  Reid, Ogden, 196, 310

  Reimers, Charles, 259

  Reinert, Paul C, 187

  Relyea, Chester, 191

  Republican National Committee, 157

  Republican National Convention (1964), 129–31

  Republican National Convention (1968), 507–8

  Republican Party: defection to Johnson-Humphrey, 147;

  gains in 1966 elections, 506;

  internal division, 117–18;

  position on federal arts funding, 440

  Reston, James, 106, 298, 380;

  on antiwar heckling of Johnson, 412;

  concern about Vietnam War, 379;

  and Johnson’s self-doubt, 133;

  on Moyers’s resignation, 407;

  on 89th Congress, 155

  Reuss, Henry, 366

  Reuther, Walter, 25, 361, 369;

  Model Cities proposal, 461, 462;

  opposition to House AFDC amendments, 436, 437;

  task force on Model Cities, 462;

  UAW agreement, 368

  Revenue Act of 1964: capital gains amendment, 36—37;

  effects on economy, 39–42;

  Ribicoff education credit amendment, 37

  Revenue and Expenditure Control Act of

  1968: conference report, 374–77;

  in House, 372;

  in Senate, 372–74

  Ribicoff, Abraham: on air pollution, 290;

  and Medicare bill, 166, 167, 175;

  nomination of George McGovern, 515;

  reaction to Silent Spring, 265;

  task force on Model Cities, 462, 571 n.2;

  and tax-cut bill, 35, 37

  Ridgeway, Matthew B., 410

  Riesman, David, 187, 333

  Right-to-work, 308

  Riis, Jacob, 83–84;

  How the Other Half Lives, 83

  Ripley, S. Dillon, 443;

  and Hirshhorn museum, 445–46, 448–50

  Roberts, Charles, 16

  Roberts, Owen, 23

  Robertson, A. Willis, 8, 65, 210

  Robinson, Donald Allen, 54

  Robinson, Joe, 11

  Roche, John P., 484;

  on transformation of Vietnam by war, 350

  Rockefeller, John D., III, 456

  Rockefeller, Laurance, 267–68, 272, 299

  Rockefeller, Margaretta (Happy), 126

  Rockefeller, Nelson A., 73, 130, 147, 445;

  on need for water treatment plants, 284;

  and 1964 presidential race, 117–18, 126–27, 129, 148;

  relationship with Goldwater, 125

  Rockwell, George Lincoln, 219

  Rodino, Peter, 81, 251, 256

  Rolvaag, Ole: Giants in the Earth, 58

  Roman Catholic Church, 108

  Romney, George, 147, 230, 469;

  and Detroit riots, 418–19; 1968

  presidential race, 506

  Roosevelt, Eleanor, 53

  Roosevelt, Franklin D., 4;

  and conservation, 265;

  New Deal, 52, 527;

  and Social Security, 157, 431;

  support for national health system, 157

  Roosevelt, Jimmy: Roosevelt bill, 428

  Roosevelt, Theodore, 3, 117, 304;

  and conservation, 265;

  Gentlemen’s Agreement with Japan, 247

  Root, Elihu, 331

  Rostow, Walt, 333, 407, 416;

  and 1968 conference on Vietnam War, 477;

  and Johnson’s 1968

  speech to nation on war, 481;

  support for Vietnam War, 327, 480

  Rovere, Richard, 105, 123, 124;

  on Goldwater’s presidential campaign, 144—45, 149;

  on Johnson’s presidential campaign, 151

  Rowan, Carl, 202

  Rowe, James, 5, 21, 25, 133, 136, 480;

  and 1964 campaign, 145;

  citizens’ committees, 145, 146–47;

  critique of O’Brien Manual, 482;

  at 1964 Democratic convention, 139–41;

  and Humphrey’s candidacy, 516;

  and Nixon’s manipulation of peace talks, 520

  Rowe, Thomas, Jr., 235

  Royko, Mike, 393, 397, 398–99

  Rubin, Jerry, 422, 512


  Ruby, Jack, 21

  Rusher, William A., 11, 117, 122, 124

  Rusk, Dean, 17, 30, 249, 251;

  and 1968 conference on Vietnam War, 477;

  and Immigration Act of 1965, 249, 251, 256;

  and Johnson’s 1968

  speech to nation on war, 481;

  and Johnson’s Vietnam policy, 339, 341;

  position on Vietnam War, 327, 407, 408, 479, 480;

  Student Unrest Study Group, 399

  Russell, Richard Brevard, 22, 57, 61–63, 161;

  opposition to Vietnam War, 343, 379, 380, 479;

  and Senate Civil Rights Act debate, 65, 70

  Rustin, Bayard, 138, 139, 233, 389, 417

  Ryskind, Morrie, 4

  Saarinen, Eero, 446

  Safire, William, 520, 526

  St. George, Katherine, 54

  St. Lawrence Seaway, 280

  Sale, Kirkpatrick, 400

  Salinger, Pierre, 20, 30, 327

  Salisbury, Harrison, 411;

  dispatches from Hanoi, 412–13

  Saltonstall, Leverett, 68

  San Gabriel Mountains, 289

  Sanders, Barefoot: and Model Cities Act, 464–65;

  and surtax bill, 370–71, 375

  Sanders, Carl, 456

  Sanford, Terry, 88, 101, 453;

  reaction to Humphrey’s Salt Lake City speech, 517

  Santaella, Irma Vidal, 238

  Savannah River, 279–80

  Savio, Mario, 403–6

  Scalapino, Robert, 405–6

  Scammon, Richard M., 225, 258, 411

  Scarlett, William, 154

  Schandler, Herbert Y., 474

  Scheuer, Jim, 380

  Schlei, Norbert A.: and Economic Opportunity Act, 102, 103, 105;

  on Feighan, 253, 255–6;

  and Immigration Act of 1965, 254, 256, 260;

  on Yarmolinsky, 110

  Schlesinger, Arthur, 20, 142, 341;

  on JFK’s arts policy, 441;

  on Johnson’s selection of running mate, 134, 135, 139;

  on Johnson’s Vietnam War decision, 348;

  opposition to Vietnam War, 327

  Schnittker, John S., 416

  Schooley, Frank, 456

  Schrade, Paul, 504

  Schulkind, Gilbert, 203

  Schultze, Charles, 29, 33, 531;

  and Model Cities Act, 464–65;

  opposition to increased interest rates, 364;

  and plan to reorganize Department of Interior, 285;

  support for tax increase, 359, 365, 366;

  and surtax bill, 370, 371, 372;

  task force on financing public broadcasting, 456;

  and War on Poverty, 95

  Schwartz, Abba, 249, 250, 251, 253;

  ousting from state department, 558 n.5

  Schwartz, Tony, 148

  Schwerner, Michael, 137

  Scott, Hugh, 73

  Scranton, William W., 129, 147

  Seib, Charles, 152

  Select Commission on Western Hemisphere Immigration, 258

  Selma, Alabama, 214–15;

  Edmund Pettus

  Bridge, 214, 226;

  Green Street Baptist Church, 233;

  segregation, 214, 218

  Selma to Montgomery march, 233–35

  Senate. See U. S. Senate

  Senior Citizens Golden Ring Council, 432

  Serkin, Rudolph, 453

  Seward, William H., 9

  Sewell, William, 420

  Shadegg, Stephen, 130, 144, 149

  Shapley, Deborah, 355, 477;

  on McNamara’s deceptiveness about war, 359, 360

  Sharon Statement, 119

  Sharp, U. S. Grant: hawkishness toward Vietnam, 330

  Shawn, William, 262

  Shay, Jonathan, 353—54;

  Achilles in Vietnam, 532

  Shedd, Peter J., 303

  Sheehan, Neil, 325, 327, 479, 535

  Shehan, Lawrence J., 69

  Shriver, Eunice, 89

  Shriver, R. Sargent, 18;

  as director of Office of Equal Opportunity, 112;

  and passage of Economic Opportunity Act, 107–11;

  task force on poverty, 100–6;

  and War on Poverty, 64, 98–100;

  and Yarmolinsky affair, 110–11

  Sierra Club, 275, 300

  Simpson, Milward L., 76

  Sinclair, Upton, 400;

  The Jungle, 90

  Sirhan, Sirhan, 503–4, 505

  Skowronek, Stephen, 527

  Small, Melvin, 412

  Smathers, George, 109;

  and Medicare bill, 166, 167, 168, 176;

  and tax-cut bill, 35, 372–73

  Smeltzer, Ralph, 215, 218

  Smith, Adam: Wealth of Nations, 131

  Smith, Bromley, 333

  Smith, Elwyn Allan, 233

  Smith, Hedrick, 479

  Smith, Howard W., 46–48, 109, 111;

  and Civil Rights Act of 1964, 45, 51, 52, 53–54, 78;

  domination of House Rules Committee, 47–48, 208;

  proposed amendment to ESEA, 198;

  Smith Act, 47;

  support for Equal Rights Amendment, 53

  Smith, Margaret Chase, 69, 162

  Smith, Merriman, 16

  Smith, Steve, 134, 505

  Smitherman, Joe T., 215, 218

  Smithson, James, 447

  Smog, 289

  Smoot, Dan, 466

  Soap and Detergent Association, 283

  Social Security Act, 157, 431

  Social Security Administration, 431

  Social Security Amendments of 1965, 177–78

  Social Security Amendments of 1968: conference report, 435–36;

  in House, 432–34;

  in Senate, 434–35

  Solid Waste Disposal Act, 293

  Sons of Italy, 249

  Sorensen, Theodore, 20, 24, 94, 159, 502;

  on Kennedy’s Vietnam policy, 329;

  and War on Poverty, 96, 183;

  and Wilbur Cohen, 158

  Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), 138, 389–90;

  differences with SNCC, 221, 229;

  division over poor people’s march, 493;

  and Selma to Montgomery march, 226;

  and Voting Rights Act of 1965, 244

  South Vietnam: assassination of Diem, 328;

  civil war, 326;

  lack of nation status, 339

  Southwest Texas State Teachers College, 11, 183, 184, 210

  Soviet Union: invasion of Czechoslovakia, 511

  Soyer, Raphael, 84

  Space Cadets, 88, 89

  Sparkman, John, 161, 465

  Spector, Ronald H., 492–93

  Spellman, Cardinal, 191

  Spock, Benjamin, 382, 414, 417, 422

  Spring Mobilization for Peace, 414

  Sputnik, 205

  Staats, Elmer, 28, 31;

  and reorganization of Office of Education, 202

  Stafford, Robert T., 303

  Staggers, Harley, 297

  Stanton, Frank, 454

  Star (Washington), 152

  State Department: Bureau of Security and Consular Affairs, 250–51;

  report on student unrest, 399

  States’ Rights Party, 59–60

  Stein, Murray, 287

  Steinbeck, John: The Grapes of Wrath, 84, 90;

  and Johnson’s “guns and butter” speech, 320

  Stennis, John, 77, 210, 356;

  lack of support for more troops, 479

  Steps Toward Clean Air, 291–92

  Stevens, Robert Warren, 363, 365, 533, 537

  Stevens, Roger L, 147, 440, 446;

  and arts council and endowment, 443, 444;

  on Johnson’s support for arts, 457

  Stevenson, Adlai, 6, 24

  Stewart, W. H., 296

  Stimson, Henry L., 331, 334

  Stockdale, James B., 336, 337, 534

  Stokes, Carl, 515<
br />
  Stone, Edward Durell, 440

  Stone, I. F., 381

  Stop the Draft Week, 420–22

  Stoughton, Cecil, 16, 17

  Strategic Bombing Survey, 342

  Stroll, Irwin, 504

  Strong, E. W., 404, 405

  Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC): differences with SCLC, 221, 229, 233, 390;

  and Selma to Montgomery march, 225–26, 229;

  voting rights campaign, 215, 218

  Student unrest, 379;

  at Berkeley, 401–7;

  Communist role in, 399;

  report of Student Unrest Study Group on, 399;

  at University of Michigan, 381;

  at University of Wisconsin, 420

  Students for a Democratic Society (SDS), 379, 399–401;

  ambivalence toward Vietnam War, 401;

  disagreement with LID, 401;

  and march on Pentagon, 424

  Sullivan, Gerald, 411

  Sullivan, William C, 217

  Sulzberger, Arthur Ochs, 327

  Summers, Harry G., Jr., 532

  Sun (Baltimore), 154

  Sundquist, James L.: and 1964

  presidential campaign, 146;

  on Shriver, 104;

  and War on Poverty program, 96, 101, 102, 105, 112

  Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Fund, 178

  Surrey, Stanley S., 206, 207, 454–55

  Sviridoff, Mitchell, 88

  Symington, Stuart, 415;

  lack of support for more troops, 479

  Synagogue Council of America, 410

  Tabb, David H., 469

  Taft, Robert, Jr., 155

  Taft, William Howard, 117

  Taft-Hartley Act (Labor-Management Relations Act), 47, 308–9

  Talmadge, Herman: and Medicare bill, 166, 176;

  and Senate Civil Rights Act debate, 70;

  and tax-cut bill, 35, 37

  Task Force on Metropolitan and Urban Problems, 460–61;

  demonstration cities program, 460–61

  Task Force on Natural Beauty, 299

  Task Force on the Quality of the Environment, 294–95

  Tate, James, 509

  Taylor, H. Ralph, 467

  Taylor, Maxwell, 328, 340, 345;

  support for Vietnam War, 481;

  “Wise Men” meetings, 425

  Television broadcasting, 451–52;

  educational stations, 452–53;

  public broadcasting, 454—55

  Tennessee Valley Authority: opposition to water user fees, 270

  Tet offensive (“General Offensive and General Uprising”), 473–75, 476

  Thayer, Thomas C., 351–52, 532

  Thieu, Nguyen Van, 347, 518–19

  Thomas, David, 220

  Thomas, Donald S., 300

  Thomas, Evan: on

  “Wise Men” meeting, 481

  Thomas, Norman, 382, 401, 416

  Thompson, Clark W., 164

  Thompson, Frank, Jr., 50, 171, 309;

  support for National Humanities Foundation, 443

  Thoreau, Henry David, 273

  Thornton, Charles Bates, 334

  Throckmorton, John L., 419

  Throttlebottom, Vice President Alexander, 4

  Thurmond, Strom, 59, 77, 507