by Lucy Inglis
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Notes
INTRODUCTION
‘Bow Bells’: The Diurnal of Thomas Rugg, 1659–1660 (London, 1961), 80.
‘Impudent Harlot’: Daniel Baker, ‘One Warning More’ (London, 1660).
‘above 20000 horse … and blessed God’: diary entry dated 29 May 1660.
‘a great impression of fear’: Gideon Harvey, The City Remembrancer (London, 1722), 2.
‘charms, philtres … as near as they can’: Daniel Defoe, A Journal of the Plague Year (London, 1722), 44–7.
‘they talked of’: ibid., 140.
‘stiffnesse under his eare … tolling of bells’: John Allin in W. G. Bell, Unknown London (London, 1920), 43.
‘people that were infected’: A Journal of the Plague Year, 73.
‘Faggots, faggots’: quoted in The Gentleman’s Magazine Miscellany, vol. 192, 51.
‘sweated kindly’: A Journal of the Plague Year, 284.
‘an innocent Frenchman … dismembered’: ‘Autobiography and Anecdotes of William Taswell (1652–82)’, reprinted by The Camden Miscellany (London, 1853), vol. 2, 11.
‘whole as to skin’: ibid., 13.
‘a poor distracted wretch’: The Life of Edward, Earl of Clarendon (1609–74), as written by himself (London, 1827), vol. 3, 96.
‘in the four years after the Fire’: The City Remembrancer, 23.
‘the Church of England’: Edward Gregg, Queen Anne (London, 1984), 16.
It was recovered: Sir James Mackintosh, History of the Revolution in England in 1688 (London, 1835), 572.
This figure remained relatively steady?: L. D. Schwarz, London in the Age of Industrialisation: Entrepreneurs, Labour Force and Living Conditions, 1700–1850 (Cambridge, 1992), 128.
in a ‘mad’ attempt … with tiles’: Johann Wilhelm von Archenholz, A Picture of England (1789), 121.
‘royalty, legislation, nobility’: The London Magazine, vol. 6 (August 1822), 137.
1: THE CITY
‘several expert workmen … of wonderful grace’: Henry Milman, Annals of St Paul’s Cathedral (London, 1868), 367.
‘without hovels’: T. F. Reddaway, ‘The Rebuilding of London after the Fire’, The Town Planning Review, vol. 17, no. 4 (December 1937), 276–7.
Bricklayer Thomas Warren: James Chambers, Building St Paul’s (London, 2007), 36.
The idea of resurrection: ibid., 56.
‘natural philosophy … universal science’: Paul Elliott and Stephen Daniels, ‘The “School of True, Useful and Universal Science”? Freemasonry, Natural Philosophy and Scientific Culture in Eighteenth-Century England’, The British Journal for the History of Science, vol. 39, no. 2 (June 2006), 207–29.
Fraternity was one: livery companies are ancient trade guilds which had been granted the right to their own ‘livery’, or uniform. The ‘Great Twelve’ are the Mercers, Grocers, Drapers, Fishmongers, Goldsmiths, Merchant Taylors, Skinners, Haberdashers, Salters, Ironmongers, Vintners and Clothworkers.
‘Sarah Freeman … Smith’: quoted in Leo Hollis, The Phoenix: The Men Who Made Modern London (London, 2009), 173.
‘A Youth designed’: Robert Campbell, The London Tradesman (London, 1747), 120–21.
‘for dispersing scandalous’: Paula McDowell, The Women of Grub Street: Press, Politics, and Gender in the London Literary Marketplace 1678–1730 (Oxford, 1998), 33.
Ephraim Chambers was born: the account of Chambers’ life is taken from Gentleman’s Magazine, and Historical Chronicle, vol. 44, part 2 (London, 1785), 673.
Chambers laid out his considerable aspirations: the full title was ‘Cyclopaedia, or, An Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences: Containing the Definitions of the Terms, and Accounts of the Things Signify’d Thereby, in the Several Arts, both Liberal and Mechanical, and the Several Sciences, Human and Divine: the Figures, Kinds, Properties, Productions, Preparations, and Uses, of Things Natural and Artificial: the Rise, Progress, and State of Things Ecclesiastical, Civil, Military, and Commercial: with the Several Systems, Sects, Opinions, etc; among Philosophers, Divines, Mathematicians, Physicians, Antiquaries, Critics, etc.: The Whole Intended as a Course of Ancient and Modern Learning’.
‘if ye ship be gone’: Susan Whyman, The Pen and the People: English Letter Writers 1660–1800 (Oxford, 2009), 61.
‘who keep coffeehouses’: Milton Percival, Robert Walpole, Earl of Orford, 1676–1745 (Oxford, 1916), xiii.
Thirty years later: A. M. Ogilvie, ‘The Rise of the English Post Office’, The Economic Journal, vol. 3, no. 11 (September 1893), 453.
‘without question’: Daniel Defoe, A Tour Through the Whole Island of Great Britain: Volume II, first published 1724–6 (London, 1971 edition), 313.
‘no sooner had we entered’: Ned Ward, The London Spy, first published 1706 (London, 1955 edition), 187.
‘oysters, fruit’: William Hone, The Everyday Book (London, 1826), 591.
‘no more than three feet’: London Chronicle, 17 November 1764.
In the middle of the eighteenth century: George Dodd, The Food of London: A Sketch of the Chief Varieties, Sources of Supply, Probable Quantities, Modes of Arrival, Processes of Manufacture, Suspected Adulteration, and Machinery of Distribution, of the Food for a Community of Two Millions and a Half (London, 1856), 228.
‘The cubicles were neat’: Claire Williams, Sophie in London, 1786 (London, 1933), 71.
‘crying, wandering, travelling’: Supplement to the Harleian Miscellany (London, 1812), 325.
‘a mere sluggish’: Walter Thornbury, ‘The Fleet River and Fleet Ditch’, Old and New London: Volume 2 (London, 1878), 416.
‘rear of the houses’: letter dated 22 August 1838.
‘the frequent sign’: Thomas Pennant, An Account of London (London, 1790), 309.
‘near a hundred pair’: John Southerden Burn, History of the Fleet Marriages (London, 1846), 5.
‘large tribute’: Alexander Pope, The Dunciad (London, 1723), ll. 267–8.
‘mighty mass’: Lord Byron, Don Juan (London, 1823), canto X.
The baleen to oil ratio: Lynn Sorge-English, ‘“29 Doz and 11 Best Cutt Bone”: The Trade in Whalebone and Stays in Eighteenth-Century London’, Textile History, vol. 36/I (May 2005), 22.
‘The women use no paint’: quoted in Valerie Steele, The Corset: A Cultural History (New Haven, Connecticut, 2003), 26.
‘very nearly purgatory’: Elizabeth Ham, quoted in Kristin Olsen, Daily Life in 18th-Century England (Westport, Connecticut, 1999), 96.
‘my poor arms’: Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire, The Sylph (London, 1738), 34.
‘three bales of Aniseeds’ … a mere half-load: Henry Kent, The Shopkeeper’s and Tradesman’s Assistant (London, 1768), 144.
‘the Green-Yard … or Horses’: ibid., 78.
‘In the afternoon’: diary entry dated 30 November 1662.
‘the Jew, the Mahometan’: Voltaire, Letters Concerning the English Nation (1773), Letter VI, ‘On the Presbyterians’.
They termed themselves: Peter Renton, The Lost Synagogues of London (London, 2000), 30.
His own likeness: diary entry dated 9 January 1662.
‘as well done as ever I saw’: diary entry dated 15 February 1667.
‘punching my sister … half-crowne’: quoted in Richard S. Westfall, The Life of Isaac Newton (Cambridge, 1994), 17.
‘a fit person’: John Giuseppi, The Bank of England: A History from its Foundation in 1694 (London, 1966), 47.
‘I have Been so Unfortunate’: Deidre Palk (ed.), Prisoners’ Letters to the Bank of England 1781–1827 (London, 2007), vol. XLII, vii.
‘architectural crime’: quoted by Jonathan Glancey in Lost Buildings (London, 2008), 65.
‘Mahometan gruel … tasting not unlike it’: R. Bradley, The Virtue and Use of Coffee (London, 1772), 12.
Just how important: James Walvin, Fruits of Empire: Exotic Produce and British Taste, 1660–1800 (London, 1997), 39.
‘the Coffee-man … Customers to read’: George S. McCue, ‘Libraries of the London Coffeehouses’, The Library Quarterly, vol. 4, no. 4 (October, 1934), 624.
‘whose great ambition’: Ned Ward, London Spy, 299.
‘for the Lyons … very tame’: diary entry dated 11 January 1660.
‘they should take as much care’: Ned Ward, London Spy, 236.
‘Cats of the mountains … Jackall’: Daniel Hahn, The Tower Menagerie: Being the Amazing True Story of the Royal Collection of Wild and Ferocious Beasts (London, 2003), 125.
‘They say’: The papers of Gertrude Savile, Nottinghamshire Archives: DD/SR/212/10-11.
‘The wild creatures … in his den’: Curiosities in the Tower of London (London, 1741), 31.
Surveys conducted: Christopher Plumb, ‘Exotic Animals in Eighteenth Century Britain’ (PhD thesis in Museology, submitted to the University of Manchester’s Faculty of Humanities, 2010), 60–61.
‘perfect strangers’: Edward Turner Bennett, The Tower Menagerie (comprising the natural history of the animals contained in that establishment, with anecdotes of their characters and history (London, 1829), 128.
‘their limbs and tails … asleep’: ibid., 153.
‘heave anything … a surprising Degree’: An Historical Description of the Tower of London and its Curiosities (London, 1753), 23.
‘one of them having torn’: the 1810 Tower guidebook, quoted by Hahn in The Tower Menagerie, 191.
‘wisdom … intoxicating articles’: Bennett, The Tower Menagerie, 174.
‘The subject of the present article’: James Wilson, ‘Essays on the Origin and Natural History of Domestic Animals’, The Quarterly Journal of Agriculture, vol. 2 (November 1829–February 1831), 64.
2: THE MARGINS
‘got a great way’: Edward Brayley, quoted in Rowland Dobie, The History of the United Parishes of St Giles in the Fields and St George’s Bloomsbury (London, 1829), 183.
‘pestered with … strangers’: John Stow, Survey of London (London, 1598), 47.
‘where old clothes’: footnote by William Roscoe to The Dunciad in The Works of Alexander Pope (London, 1824), 100.
‘There is no expressing’: Thomas Pennant, An Account of London (London, 1790), 286.
‘Jews used to go’: John Sherren Brewer, English Studies; or Essays in English History and Literature (London, 1881), 427.
‘between two and three miles’: Henry Mayhew, London Labour and the London Poor: a cyclopaedia of the condition and earnings of those that will work, those that cannot work, and those that will not work: Volume II (London, 1851), 10.
‘dead dogges’: Stow, quoted in Weinreb, Hibbert, Keay and Keay, The London Encyclopedia (London, 2008), 417.
‘On lines stretched’: W. Denton, Records of St Giles’ Cripplegate (London, 1883), 104–6.
‘dull, narrow, uninviting’: Walter Thornbury, ‘Whitefriars’, Old and New London: Volume 1 (London, 1878), 182–99.
‘Lewdly Given … gallery Maids’: rules and regulations for hospital staff, extracted from Minutes of Bridewell and Bethlem Governors (20 June 1756). See also Jonathan Andrews and Andrew Scull, Undertaker of the Mind: John Monro and Mad-Doctoring in Eighteenth-Century England (Berkeley, California, 2001).
‘Madness is a distemper’: Remarks on Dr. Battie’s Treatise of Madness by John Monro (London, 1758).
‘experts … Air Loom’: quoted in John Haslam, Illustrations of Madness (London, 2003), xxxii.
‘motley assemblage … by botchers’: John Thomas Smith, Nollekens and his Times: Volume I (London, 1829), 213.
‘jobbing tailors’: Denton, Records of St Giles’, 104.
‘as it was a Screen … unguarded Youth’: quoted in Rictor Norton, Mother Clap’s Molly House: The Gay Subculture in England 1700–1830 (Stroud, 2006), 126.
At noon on Thursday 8 February: the account of the London earthquake is from T. D. Kendrick’s The Lisbon Earthquake (London, 1957).
‘natural explanation … of earthquakes’: John Wesley, The Cause and Cure of Earthquakes (London, 1750).
‘a lunatic lifeguardsman’: Horace Walpole quoted in Kendrick, The Lisbon Earthquake, 11.
‘730 coaches’: ibid., 13.
‘with slow and gradual majesty … spectators’: Rose Macauley, The Minor Pleasures of Life (London, 1936), 90.
‘the harbour of the skies’: as recounted by the curator in the Strawberry Hill tour, from material in the Yale archive.
In 1800, it was the site: as reported in The Albion of July 1800.
‘ye poets, ragged and forlorn’: see Jonathan Swift’s poem of 1726, ‘Advice to the Grub Street Verse-Writers’.
‘Mercury-woman’: Paula McDowell, The Women of Grub Street: Press, Politics, and Gender in the London Literary Marketplace 1678–1730 (Oxford, 1998), 55.
‘through Seas of Scurrility … of a Woman’: ibid., 217.
In 1798: David R. Green, Finsbury: Past, Present & Future (London, 2009)
, 6.
‘All manner of gross’: Old Bailey Proceedings Online (www.oldbaileyonline.org, accessed 4 February 2012), trial of Margaret Clap (July 1726), tl7260711-54.
‘typical homosexual’: Norton, Mother Clap’s Molly House, 19.
‘sly reforming hirelings’: Ned Ward, The Field Spy (London, 1714), 16.
‘marrying room … blessed’: Old Bailey Proceedings Online, trial of Margaret Clap.
‘I was no stranger … my own Body’: ibid. (accessed 18 January 2012), trial of William Brown (July 1726), tl7260711-77).
‘Though the earth’: The Works of John Locke: Volume 2 (London, 1727), 166.
‘Four beds … part of the coterie’: The Phoenix of Sodom; Or the Vere Street Coterie (London, 1813), 12–13.
‘A vast concourse’: The Annual Register or a View of History, Literature and Politics for the Year 1811 (London, 1811), 28.
‘in an improper’: The trial of Josiah Phillips for a libel on the Duke of Cumberland and the proceedings previous thereto, in 1810 (London, 1833), 9.
‘He was a prodigy’: the story of Chatterton’s life is taken from Linda Kelly, The Marvellous Boy: The Life and Myth of Thomas Chatterton (London, 1971); Nick Groom, ‘Thomas Chatterton Was a Forger’, The Yearbook of English Studies, vol. 28 (Eighteenth Century Lexis and Lexicography, 1998), 276–91.
‘it is wonderful’: James Boswell, Life of Samuel Johnson (London, 1833 edition), 68.
‘affords in its central enclosure’: Edward Walford, ‘Lincoln’s Inn Fields’, Old and New London: Volume 3 (London, 1878), 44.
‘who disabled himself’: Richard Steele, Spectator, no. 6 (7 March 1711).
‘Rich gay’: Thomas Dibden, The London Theatre (London, 1815), 3.
‘common bricklayer … for fame’: Timothy Hyde, ‘Some Evidence of Libel, Criticism, and Publicity in the Architectural Career of Sir John Soane’, Perspecta, vol. 37 (Famous, 2005), 144–63.
‘I presume’: Morning Post, 30 September 1812.
‘glaring impropriety … modern works’: quoted in David Watkin, Sir John Soane, Enlightenment Thought and the Royal Academy Lectures (Cambridge, 1996), 76.
‘adapted for spectacle’: John Britton, The Union of Architecture, Sculpture and Painting (London, 1827), 44.