by Lucy Inglis
‘in perpetuity … a megalomaniac’: John Summerson, ‘Change, Decay and the Soane Museum’, Architectural Association Journal (October 1949), 50.
‘talked with a vivacity’: James Boswell, Life of Samuel Johnson (London, 1833 edition), 292.
‘the art of addressing a jury’: Edinburgh Review, vol. 16 (1810), 109.
‘of the most determined integrity’: Edward Foss, The Grandeur of the Law: Or, the legal peers of England: with sketches of their professional career (London, 1843), 138.
‘Old Mother Shipton’: Walter Thornbury, ‘Fleet Street: General Introduction’, Old and New London: Volume 1 (London, 1878), 32–53.
They drank heavily: Dan Cruickshank, The Secret History of Georgian London: How the Wages of Sin Shaped the Capital (London, 2009), 181.
‘unable to speak’: Philosophical experiments and observations of the late eminent Dr. Robert Hooke, F.R.S. (London, 1726), 210.
‘Little White Alley’: Old Bailey Proceedings Online (www.oldbaileyonline.org, accessed 18 January 2012), Ordinary of Newgate’s account (November 1744), OA17441107.
‘luscious … and Temple’: Hallie Rubenhold, Harris’s List of Covent Garden Ladies (London, 2005), 48–9.
3: WESTMINSTER AND ST JAMES’S
‘why so wretched’: John Gwynne, London and Westminster, Improved (London, 1766), 8.
‘Gentleman Schollars … Youth and Quality’: Old Bailey Proceedings Online (www.oldbaileyonline.org, accessed 18 January 2012), Ordinary’s account (August 1679), o16790827-1.
‘a stately veneer … and crime’: Cardinal Wiseman, An Appeal to the Reason and Good Feeling of the English People on the Subject of Catholic Hierarchy (London, 1850), 30.
On a Saturday in 1762: Tim Hitchcock, Down and Out in Eighteenth-Century London (London, 2004), 32.
‘so called from a mill’: Edward Walford, ‘The City of Westminster: Introduction’, Old and New London: Volume 4 (London, 1878), 1.
‘the evening is devoted’: John Pinkerton, A General Collection of the Best and Most Interesting Voyages and Travels in all Parts of the World: Volume 2 (London, 1808), 92.
‘I was ashamed’: Old Bailey Proceedings Online (www.oldbaileyonline.org, accessed 18 January 2012), trial of John Loppenberg (October 1740), tl7401015-66.
In the hard winter months: Lynn MacKay, ‘A Culture of Poverty? The St Martin in the Fields Workhouse, 1817’, Journal of Interdisciplinary History, vol. 26, no. 2 (Autumn 1995), 214.
The women made up: ibid., 221.
St Sepulchre’s installed: Hitchcock, Down and Out, 139.
Martin’s Mendicity Studies: ibid., 3–7.
Quasi-charitable bodies: The Reports of the Society for the Suppression of Mendicity, established in London, 1818 (London, 1821).
‘the ancient Horse-ferry’: Thomas Pennant, An Account of London (London, 1790), 57.
Around half the money: details of this story taken from Peter Cameron: ‘Henry Jernegan, the Kandlers and the client who changed his mind’, The Silver Society Journal (Autumn 1996).
‘designed and made a silver cistern’: quoted in C. L’Estrange Ewen, Lotteries and Sweepstakes: An Historical, Legal and Ethical Survey of Their Introduction, Repression and Establishment in the British Isles (London, 1932), 142.
‘a very great ornament … into the river’: The Gentleman’s Magazine quoted in ‘Westminster Bridge’, Survey of London, Volume 23. Lambeth: South Bank and Vauxhall (London, 1951), 67.
‘was to prevent the suicide’: Pennant, An Account of London, 91.
On one visit: Giacomo Casanova, History of My Life: Volume 9 (Baltimore, Maryland, 1997 edition), 319–23.
‘Mademoiselle Charpillon’: Ian Kelly, Casanova (London, 2008), 266.
‘was formerly made use of’: A New View of London (London, 1708), 68.
‘length is … gothic’: Pennant, An Account of London, 83.
‘It is said’: William John Loftie, The Inns of Court and Chancery (London, 1895), 123.
Waghorn’s had: see the print by Edward Pugh (1763–1813) ‘The Houses of Parliament with the Royal Procession’.
She accused fellow prisoners: Old Bailey Proceedings Online (www.oldbaileyonline.org, accessed 4 February 2012), trial of Edward Wooldridge and John Nichols (March 1720), tl7200303-43.
In the 1757 trial: ibid., trial of Daniel Lackey (April 1757), tl7570420-42.
Throughout the eighteenth century: Antony Simpson, ‘Vulnerability and the age of female consent: legal innovation and its effect on prosecutions for rape in eighteenth-century London’, in G. S. Rousseau and Roy Porter (eds.), Sexual Underworlds of the Enlightenment (Manchester, 1987), 181–205.
‘not to be subject to’: John Locke, Two Treatises on Government (London, 1821 edition), 206.
‘a Black … dare not say criminal’: The Diary and Letters of his Excellency Thomas Hutchinson (1711–1780) (Boston, 1884), 276.
‘Fiat justitia … heavens fall’: William M. Wiecek, ‘Somersett: Lord Mansfield and the Legitimacy of Slavery in the Anglo-American World’, The University of Chicago Law Review, vol. 42, no. 1 (Autumn 1974), 102.
‘ingenious Africans … as a Slave’: Donna T. Andrew (ed.), London Debating Societies 1776–1799 (London, 1994), 221.
When he died: Ruth Paley, ‘Imperial Politics and English Law: The Many Contexts of “Somersett”’, Law and History Review, vol. 24, no. 3 (Fall 2006), 663.
‘the negroe cause’: this phrase originated with ‘Considerations on the Negroe Cause Addressed to Lord Mansfield’, in 1773, by Samuel Estwick, Assistant Agent to the Island of Barbados, printed in Pall Mall.
‘unsuccessful contest at cribbage’: www.brycchancarey.com/sancho/letter2.htm.
He was a prolific letter writer: details of the letters of Ignatius Sancho are from Vincent Carretta (ed.), Unchained Voices: An Anthology of Black Authors in the English-Speaking World of the Eighteenth Century (Kentucky, 1996).
‘the Extraordinary Negro’: Joseph Jekyll, The Letters of the late Ignatius Sancho, an African, to which are prefixed memoirs of his life (London, 1782), i.
‘A man can never be great’: The North Briton, issue no. 144.
‘How is it that we hear’: James Boswell, Life of Samuel Johnson (London, 1833 edition), 204.
‘were, and are, all mad … capering pig’: Christopher Hibbert, King Mob: The Story of Lord George Gordon and the Riots of 1780 (London, 1958), 1.
‘occupying every avenue’: The Life and Times of Frederick Reynolds, Written by Himself, in Two Volumes: Volume 1 (London, 1827), 124.
‘Popish birds’: Hibbert, King Mob, 61.
‘London seemed a second Troy’: William Cowper, ‘Table Talk’ in Poems (London, 1782), l. 323.
‘Such a time of terror’: quoted in Hibbert, King Mob, vi.
‘the effect of Accident’: London Courant, 26 August 1780.
‘She gets out of her carriage’: Cecil Faber Aspinall-Oglander and Frances E. G. Boscawen, Admiral’s Widow: Being the Life and Letters of the Hon. Mrs Edward Boscawen from 1761 to 1805 (London, 1943), letter dated 12 April 1784.
‘sitting cross-legged’: John Hogg, London As It Is: Being a series of observations on the health, habits, and amusements of the people (London, 1837), 41.
‘Have the people’: quoted in Andrew, London Debating Societies, 177.
‘ye dwellings of Noble men’: ‘St James’s Square: General’, Survey of London, Volumes 29 and 30. St James Westminster, Part 1 (London, 1960), 56.
‘a man of pleasure’: Arthur Irwin Dasent, The History of St James’s Square and the Foundation of the West End of London, with a Glimpse of Whitehall in the Reign of Charles the Second (London, 1895), 4.
‘the most impertinent slut’: as recorded by Samuel Pepys in his diary entry dated 14 January 1668.
‘Those who have offices’: Don Manuel Gonzales, Portuguese merchant, quoted by John Pinkerton in A General Collection of the Best and Most Interesting Voyages and Travels in all Parts of the World: Volume 2 (London, 1808), 90.
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br /> ‘a dirty barrow-bunter’: Tobias George Smollett, The Expedition of Humphry Clinker (London, 1771), 145.
He was treated brutally: Old Bailey Proceedings Online (www.oldbaileyonline.org, accessed 27 January 2012), trial of Richard Albridge, alias Alder (December 1732), tl7321206-5.
‘Is not the cohabitation’: quoted in Andrew, London Debating Societies, 11.
‘as a remedy for’: François de La Rochefoucauld, A Frenchman in England, 1784 (Cambridge, 1933 edition), 51.
‘morbid propensity’: John Cordy Jeafferson, The Real Lord Byron (London, 1883), 63.
‘I maintain that’: Marguerite Blessington, A Journal of Conversations with Lord Byron (London, 1869), 345.
‘it was remarked’: W. G. Constable, ‘The Foundation of the National Gallery’, The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs, vol. 44, no. 253 (April 1924), 158.
‘A set of greasy fellows’: Revd J. Richardson, Recollections Political, Literary, Dramatic and Miscellaneous, of the Last Half Century (London, 1856), 31.
‘the ladies look’d like’: John Ashton, Social Life in the Reign of Queen Anne: Volume I (London, 1882), 88.
‘took its name’: Ned Ward, The London Spy, first published 1706 (London, 1955 edition), 179–80.
‘where the women are’: Pehr Kalm, Kalm’s Account of his visit to England: on his way to America in 1748, translated by Joseph Lucas (London, 1892), 62.
‘the public walk of London’: David Piper, The London Companion (London, 1964), 144.
‘not articulate’: The European Magazine, and London Review (London, 1785), 426.
‘seemed to hinder … frightened me’: César de Saussure, A Foreign View of England in 1725–1729: The Letters of Monsieur César de Saussure to his Family, translated and edited by Madame Van Muyden (London, 1902), 92.
‘could not be taught’: ibid., 93.
‘Peter, the Wild Man of Hanover’: Thomas Wright, The Life of Daniel Defoe (London, 1894), 342.
‘only three crowns’: John Pinkerton (ed.), Walpoliana (London, 1800), 7.
‘no larger than a child’s chaise … jocose’: Edward Wood, Giantology and Dwarfiana (London, 1868), 350–51.
‘gross and obscene … their blood’: Old Bailey Proceedings Online (www.oldbaileyonline.org, accessed 28 January 2012), trial of Renwick Williams, late of the parish of St James, otherwise called Rhynwick (December 1790), tl7901208-54.
‘the bearers [go] so fast’: César de Saussure, A Foreign View of England, 104.
‘the breed of chairs’: The Letters of Horace Walpole, Earl of Orford, in 6 Volumes, for 1791 (London, 1840), 418.
‘fine garden and terras’: Pinkerton, A General Collection, 83.
‘thus the water … royal residence’: Hogg, London As It Is, 178.
‘theire ware also’: quoted in J. W. Willis Jr, ‘European Consumption and Asian Production in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries’, in John Brewer and Roy Porter (eds.), Consumption and the World of Goods (London, 1993), 140.
‘very convenient’: James Walvin, Fruits of Empire: Exotic Produce and British Taste, 1660–1800 (London, 1997), 10.
‘a hardened and shameless’: Boswell, Life of Samuel Johnson, 363.
‘Were they the sons’: Jonas Hanway, Essay on Tea (London, 1757).
As a result, London was inundated: Walvin, Fruits of Empire, 26.
‘with their superiors’: John Lettsom, Natural History of the Tea Trade (London, 1772), 62.
‘very severely markt … lives of her own children’: Lord Wharton (ed.), The Letters and Works of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu: Volume 1 (London, 1837), 77.
‘the White Chapple’: J. G. Humble, ‘Westminster Hospital: The First 250 Years’, British Medical Journal, vol. 1, no. 5480 (January 1966), 156.
‘curled wig’: ibid., 158.
‘learnt the value of’: see G. R. Cameron, ‘Edward Jenner, FRS 1749–1823’, Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London, vol. 7, no. 1 (December 1949), 43–53.
These hymns: Nicholas Temperley, ‘The Lock Hospital Chapel and its Music’, Journal of the Royal Musical Association, vol. 118, no. 1 (1993), 44.
The matter was debated: Andrew, London Debating Societies, 115–6.
‘ventured out’: St James’s Chronicle, 11 September 1789.
John Hunter had conducted: John Hunter, ‘Proposals for the Recovery of People Apparently Drowned’, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, vol. 66, no. 1776, 412–25.
For five years before Hunter’s: Samuel Bentley, Literary Anecdotes of the Eighteenth Century (London, 1814), 182–3.
‘As proof’: Andrew, London Debating Societies, 1.
‘cases of Apparent Death … suspended animation’: see E. Perman, ‘Successful Cardiac Resuscitation with Electricity in the 18th Century?’, The British Medical Journal, vol. 2, no. 6154 (December 1978), 1770–71.
4: BLOOMSBURY, COVENT GARDEN AND THE STRAND
By the end of the eighteenth century: Rowland Dobie, The History of the United Parishes of St Giles in the Fields and St George’s Bloomsbury (London, 1829), 137.
‘The fields … desperate characters’: ibid., 67.
‘literary and scientific’: Richard Tames, Bloomsbury Past (London, 1993), 51.
‘godless college … abundance and perfection’: Edward Walford, ‘Bloomsbury’, Old and New London: Volume 4 (London, 1878), 480–89.
‘all manner of Fruites’: ‘Preface’, Survey Of London, Volume 36. Covent Garden (London, 1970), vii–viii.
‘the common Residence … dying’: quoted in Ruth K. McClure, Coram’s Children: The London Foundling Hospital in the Eighteenth Century (London, 1981), 19.
‘the Expressions of Grief’: ibid., 50.
‘four eminent painters’: Vertue Note Books, Volume III, Number 22 (London, 1933), 135.
One scathing broadside: pamphlet entitled ‘Joyful News to Batchelors and Maids: Being a Song in Praise of the Foundling Hospital and the London Hospital Aldersgate Street’, circa 1760, quoted in McClure, Coram’s Children, 109.
The last child: McClure, Coram’s Children, 114.
‘so inhuman’: ibid., 104.
In 1817, the story of the death: evidence taken before the Parliamentary Committee on Climbing Boys, describing the death of Thomas Pitts on 29 March 1813.
‘a most noisome’: Percival Pott, quoted by H. A. Waldron, ‘A Brief History of Scrotal Cancer’, British Journal of Industrial Medicine, vol. 40, no. 4 (November 1983), 390.
In 1767, a girl named Mary Clifford: details are taken from Old Bailey Proceedings Online (www.oldbaileyonline.org, accessed 31 January 2012), trial of James Brownrigg, Elizabeth his wife, John their son (September 1767), tl7670909-1.
‘desiring to be informed’: McClure, Coram’s Children, 237.
‘The parish of St. Giles … cats, dogs, &c’: descriptions are taken from Edward Walford, ‘St. Giles-in-the-Fields’, Old and New London: Volume 3 (London, 1878), 197–218.
There were thought to be: Peter Clark, ‘The “Mother Gin” Controversy in the Early Eighteenth Century’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, fifth series, vol. 38 (1988), 64.
‘Gin is sold’: The Trial of the Spirits; Or, Some Considerations upon the Pernicious Consequences of the Gin Trade to Great Britain (London, 1736), 4.
But the government was in a quandary: Jonathan White, ‘The “Slow but Sure Poyson”: The Representation of Gin and its Drinkers, 1736–1751’, Journal of British Studies, vol. 42, no. 1 (January 2003), 38.
Women were also more prominent: Clark, ‘The “Mother Gin” Controversy’, 70.
‘huge sufferings’: James Dawson Burn, Autobiography of a Beggar Boy (London, 1856), 21.
‘with three quarts … Dirt and all’: Survey of London, 36, vii–viii.
‘an easy, and fine-bred gentleman’: quoted in T. H. Vail Motter, ‘Garrick and the Private Theatres: With a List of Amateur Performances in the Eighteenth Century’, English Literary History, vol. 11, no. 1 (March 1944), 63–75.
‘A pause ensued … as usual’: John Williams, The Pin-basket to the Children of Thespis (London, 1797), 41.
‘Whatever may be’: Arthur Murphy, The Life of David Garrick (London, 1801), 360.
‘she was regarded less with admiration’: writing in The Examiner, 16 June 1816.
‘remarkably fine … a fine girl’: Linda Buchanan, ‘Sarah Siddons and Her Place in Rhetorical History’, Rhetorica: A Journal of the History of Rhetoric, vol. 25, no. 4 (Autumn 2007), 431.
‘Whether the love of fame … affirmative’: Donna T. Andrew (ed.), London Debating Societies 1776–1799 (London, 1994), 22.
‘we sacrifice … Apprehending of Robbers’: quoted in J. M. Beattie, ‘Sir John Fielding and Public Justice: The Bow Street Magistrates’ Court, 1754–1780’, Law and History Review, vol. 25, no. 1 (Spring 2007), 63.
‘whether brought there’: ibid., 74.
‘of tried courage … injustice’: ibid., 75.
‘accost the passengers … in the open street’: Johann Wilhelm von Archenholz, A picture of England: Containing a description of the laws, customs, and manners of England (London, 1789), 193.
They were predominantly: Tony Henderson, Disorderly Women in Eighteenth-Century London: Prostitution and Control in the Metropolis, 1730–1830 (London, 1999), 36–44.
‘such is the corruption’: von Archenholz, A picture of England, 193.
‘strangers to wedded love’: quoted in Elizabeth Campbell Denlinger, ‘The Garment and the Man: Masculine Desire in “Harris’s List of Covent-Garden Ladies”, 1764–1793’, Journal of the History of Sexuality, vol. 11, no. 3 (July 2002), 357–94.
‘the civil nymph’: James Boswell, London Journal 1762–1763 (London, 1950 edition), 332.
‘She was ugly … gross practice’: ibid., 231.
‘a monstrous big whore’: ibid., 240.
‘The Pimp-General’: Hallie Rubenhold, Harris’s List of Covent Garden Ladies (London, 2005), 15.
‘an absolute curiosity … the back way’: ibid., 136–55.
‘is, indeed, turned of forty’: Hallie Rubenhold, The Covent Garden Ladies: Pimp General Jack & The Extraordinary Story of Harris’s List (London, 2005), 144.