Empires of the Mind
Page 43
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Index
Abaaoud, Abdelhamid, 228
Abbas, Ferhat drafts Manifesto of the Algerian People (1943), 59
for autonomous Algerian republic (1946), 80
Abd al-Qadir, 22, 24, 43
Abd el-Krim, 46
Abdeslam, Brahim, Salah and Mohammed, 228
Abedi, Salman, 240
Aboukir Bay, Battle of (1798), 17
Abu Graib prison, 194
Accra, 73
ACHAC (Colonisation, Immigration, Postcolonialism), 10, 198
Acheson, Dean, 85
Adebolajo, Michael, 214, 216
Aden British forces leave (1967), 111
Adenauer, Konrad, 188, 250
Adonis, Andrew, 245
Afghanistan American attack on (2001), 185
magnet for jihadists (2001), 186
mujahideen fan out from (1990s), 163
mujahideen fighters in (1980–9), 159
Soviet invasion of (1979), 158, 258
war in (1839–42), 24
Africa contest for French Empire in (1940–2), 52
forces from in First World War, 40
forces from in Second World War, 60, 62, 74
forces return from Second World War, 73
French West, 34, 40, 46
pillar of French policy of greatness, 103
scramble for, 28, 98
Africa, French Equatorial taken by Free French (1940), 52
Africa, French North Allies land (1942), 58
immigration from, 129, 174
under Vichy control (1940–2), 51
African National Congress (ANC), 30, 76, 94
African People’s Organisation (APO), 76
Afrikaners construct racially homogeneous state, 30
in Rhodesia, 45
‘nowhere else to go’, 104
sympathy with Germany, 40
Ageron, Charles-Robert, 8
Ahidjo, Ahmadou, 103
Ahmed, Munir, 169
Ajeed, Mohammed, mayor of Bradford, 139
Akhtar, Shabbir, 165
Aki Nawaz, 170
Al-Assad, Bashar, 213bombs Douma (2018), 247
bombs Ghouta (2013), 223
fights Arab Spring, 209
Al-Baghdadi, Abu Bakr, 223
Aleppo taken by Free Syrian Army (2011), 210
Alexander, Claire, 219
Alexandria, 17riots (1882), 26
Algeria and First World War, 40
anti-Semitism in, 33
as oil-producing country, 117
civil war (1992–8), 163, 177, 213
clearance of Arab populations, 24
conquest by French, 18
coup to save French (1958), 93
demands for independence quashed (1945), 64
elections of 1948 rigged, 81
Exhibition ‘Algeria 1830–1962’ (2012), 222
famine of 1867–8, 24
French atrocities in, 19
French use of torture in, 14, 92, 175
histories of, 8
industrialisation in, 118
insurrection (1954), 84
Jews and citizenship, 25
Manifesto of the Algerian People (1943), 59
military despotism in, 24
Muslims excluded from citizenship, 25, 32, 43, 77
part of metropolitan France, 77, 91
putsch to defend French (1961), 100, 222
rebellion (1870), 25
referendum on self-determination, 97, 99, 100, 257
settlement in, 2, 22, 24, 25, 32, 46, 69, 77
war of independence (1954–62), 3, 12, 87, 93, 102
war of independence fought in France, 101, 132, 133, 178, 181
war recognised by National Assembly (1999), 175
Algiers ‘Battle of’ (1957), 91, 228
French seize (1830), 18
Islamist attacks on (1994), 164
massacre of rue d’Isly (1962), 102
seat of French Committee of National Liberation (1943–4), 59
taken by Allies (1942), 58
Week of the Barricades (1960), 100
al-Hazmi, Nawaf, 182
Ali, Tariq on colonial situation in Northern Ireland, 110
Ali, Tausir, 128
Alibhai Brown, Yasmin, 166, 179
Allen, Charles, 7
Allied Military Government in Occupied Territory (AMGOT), 61
al-Mihdhar, Khalid, 182
al-Mohammed, Ahmed, 228
Al-Nusra Front, 213
Al-Qaeda, 9, 171, 187attempts to join, 213
greater threat after Iraq war, 191
‘Hamburg cell’, 182
penetration into Libya (2012), 212
spawns other movements, 194
Alsace-Lorraine, 25, 152
al-Sadr, Muqtada, 194
al-Shehhi, Marwan, 182
al-Suri, Abu Musab, 203
Alternative für Deutschland, 250
America Declaration of Independence (1776), 66 See also United States
Amimour, Samy, 228
Amnesty International report on killing of civilians (2017), 242
Amritsar massacre (1919), 44, 256
Anderson, David, 10, 200
Andress, David, 13
Anglo-American Corporation, 106
‘Anglobalization’, 199
Anglosphere, the, 7, 40, 200, 234, 260
Angola, 109, 118
Annam, 21, 25, 66, 79demand for independence (1919), 43
rural soviets in (1930), 49
Ansar al-Islam, 194
Ansar Dine, 221
anti-apartheid movement, 76, 105, 106
Anti-Federalist League (1991), 157
anti-globalisation movement, 120, 190, 208, 258
Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act (2001), 186, 195
Arab independence promised by British (1916), 41
Arab League war with Israel (1948), 73
Arab Spring, 210end of, 211
Arab Workers’ Movement (MTA), 134
Arafat, Yasser, 159
Arcady, Alexandre, 7
Argentina as a British semi-colony, 112
debt of, 118
miltary dictatorship in (1976), 112
Aristide, Jean-Bertrand heir of Toussaint Louverture, 194
overthrow of (2004), 194
Armada, Spanish, 113
Armed Islamic Group (GIA), 163, 176, 213
Armitage, Richard, 183
Asante, 27
Ashdown, Paddy, 153
Asmal, Talha, 229
Assaye, Battle of (1803), 18
Association for the Taxing of Financial Transactions to Help Citizens (ATTAC), 190, 204
Asylum and Immigration Act (1993), 168
Athens, 207
Atlantic Charter (1941), 54
Atta, Mohammed, 182
Attlee, Clement and India, 71
and Palestine, 72
Audin, Maurice, 92
Aussaresses, General Paul, 175
Australia and British nucl
ear testing, 70
and First World War, 39
and Second World War, 53
and Suez Crisis, 90
as penal colony, 21
British ‘betrayal’ of (1973), 235
clearance of aborigines, 21
pro-white policies in, 31
settlement in, 2, 21, 45, 70
Australian Aboriginal protests (2018), 246
Axis of Evil, the, 184
Ayrault, Jean-Marc, 222
Badinter, Elisabeth, 173
Baghdad, 47Americans take (2003), 191
bombed (1998), 162
Bagram, 186
Baker, James and ‘Washington consensus’, 119
on limits to democracy, 163
Balfour, Arthur, 41, 43
Balfour Declaration (1917), 41
Banda, Hastings, 94
Bandung Conference (1955), 87, 97, 118, 257
Bangla.stories, 220
Bangladesh, 206liberation from Pakistan (1971), 124
war of liberation (1971), 220
Bannon, Steve, 220
Bao Dai, emperor of Vietnam, 52, 66, 79
Barcelona, 207
Basra occupied by British troops (2003), 191
Bastien-Thiry, Jean, 102
Bataclan attack on (2015), 258
Bayly, Chris, 9
Bayrou, François, 173
Begag, Azouz, 136
Begg, Moazzam finds Muslim identity, 170
tortured in Bagram prison, 186
Beghal, Djamel, 196, 224
Beirut, 172
Beit, Alfred, 27
Belfast riots (1969), 110
Belleville, 184, 226
Belmarsh Prison, 187, 195
Ben Ali, Zine el Abidine, 209
Ben Bella, Ahmed, 60
Ben Gurion, David visits concentration camps, 65
Bengal Bay of, 60
famine (1779–83), 17
famine (1943), 56
migration from, 124
partition of (1905), 34
partition of (1947), 71, 220
Benghalem, Salim, 227
Benghazi opposition to Gaddafi in, 209
Ben-Gurion, David, 90and Suez Crisis, 86
Benn, Hilary, 230
Benn, Tony and colonial freedom, 75
and Suez Crisis, 89
on Europe (1975), 148
Bennett, Louise, 4, 122, 258
Bérégovoy, Pierre, 155, 156
Berlusconi, Silvio, 189
Bermuda offshore banking in, 120
Beurs, 135, 176and French football, 178
and March for Equality (1983), 140
joyriding by, 140
music of, 177
Bevan, Aneurin, 59and Suez Crisis, 89
Bevin, Ernest, 84
Béziers, 222
Bhopal disaster (1984), 119
Bidault, Georges defends French Empire, 63
defends French policy in Syria (1945), 64
bidonvilles, 129, 130bulldozed, 132
replaced by housing estates, 136
Bigeard, Marcel, 1314brutality in Algeria, 91
POW in Vietnam, 82
Bin Laden, Osama, 203and 9/11, 183
death of (2011), 215
joins war against USSR in Afghanistan, 159
Taliban refusal to hand over, 185
trains jihadists, 182
Birmingham. See also Handsworthimmigration in, 124
Bizerta, 53
Black Panthers, 137
Blair, Tony and G8, 189
and George W. Bush, 184, 187
argues for war in Iraq, 189
‘everything falls apart’, 194
‘I will be with you, whatever’, 187
on British values, 202
on European referendum of 2005, 205
on globalisation, 189
on ‘unintended consequences’ of Iraq War, 191
Blanchard, Pascal, 10
blanchiment of French troops (1944), 62
Blitz, the, 53, 157
‘blowback’, 193
Blum, Léon, 46
Boers, 22
Boghossian, Alain, 178
Boisson, Pierre, 52
Bolivia, 131
Boot, Max, 185
Bordeaux, 16, 19, 51
Bose, Subhas Chandra, 56
Bosnia, 182war in, 163
Bouazizi, Mohammed, 209, 210
Boumeddiene, Hayat, 224
Bourdet, Claude on Algerian struggle, 81
on resistance changing sides, 79
Bourgès-Maunory, Maurice, 86
Bourguiba, Habib displaced, 209
embraces Arab nationalism, 81
Boutelja, Houria, 197criticises Macron, 251
Bové, José, 190, 204
Boyle, Danny, 211
Bradford, 171conflict over Satanic Verses (1989), 164
defined by Industrial Revolution, 139
Honeyford case (1984–5), 139
immigrant population of, 139, 164
riots (2001), 180, 186, 199
rise of Islamism in, 169
Brahimi, Malek. See Freeman
Branche, Raphaëlle, 175
Brazil Landless Workers Movement in, 120
meeting of World Social Forum in, 190
occupy movement in, 207
Brazza, Pierre Savorgnan de, 26
Brazzaville Conference (1944), 61
Bremer, Paul, 193
Bretton Woods Conference (1944), 83
Brexit, 237and Europe as a foreign power, 233, 260
and fantasies of empire, 260
and ‘great, global trading nation’, 239, 243
and hostility to immigration, 236, 260
and ‘left behind’ regions, 236
and Second World War, 233
and ‘take back control’ slogan, 238
fantasies of empire and, 236
hollowness of fantasies, 240
referendum vote of 2016, 236, 260
‘take back control’ slogan, 233
Bristol, 16colonial past of, 12
Britain ‘constituted by empire’, 11
global, 7, 157, 233, 236, 237, 239, 260
Britain, Battle of, 53, 161rerun of, 113
‘Britain, Fortress’, 168
‘Britain, the Battle for’, 156
British Columbia, 23
British Petroleum, 119
‘British values’, 202criticised as exclusive, 5
David Cameron on, 215
defined, 217
Theresa May on, 242
Brixton, 135, 137riots of 1981, 137, 138
unemployment in, 136
Brockway, Fenner and Kenya, 75
and Moroccan democracy (1951), 81
Bruges group, 169
Brunel, Isambard Kingdom, 211
Brussels. See also Molenbeekattack on Jewish Museum in (2014), 214
Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 223
buccaneers, 26
Buenos Aires, 18
Bugeaud, Thomas-Robert, 19, 27
Bulganin, Marshal Nicolai, 90
Burkina Faso, 251
Burley, Aidan, 211
Burma annexed by Britain, 24
Burma campaign (1943 –5), 60
war with Japan in, 56
Burundi, 115
Bush, George on ‘new world order’ (1990), 161
Bush, George W. ‘mission accomplished’, 193
‘there are no rules’, 186
on US democratic mission (1999), 183
on War on Terror (2001), 184
Butt, Khurum Shazad, 241
Buttes-Chaumont gang, the, 196, 224, 227
Cachin, Marcel, 79
Cain, Peter, 16, 99
Cairo, 17, 26
Calcutta, 24, 60, 133bombed by Japanese (1942), 56
loses Muslim population, 72
political class of, 34
Caliphate abolished (1924), 213
bid to restore, 213
Caliphate of Iraq and the Levan
t proclaimed (2014), 223
Cambodia, 66, 98Anghor Wat temple, 38
Cambon, Jules, 33
Cameron, David argues for intervention in Syria (2015), 230
intervenes in Libya (2011), 210
on ‘British values’, 215, 217, 218
on ‘buccaneer nation’, 234, 243, 260
on ‘feral’ rioters, 216
promise of a referendum on the EU (2013), 233
‘stop banging on about Europe’ (2006), 233
Cameroon, 188French brutality in, 10, 103, 194
secured by Free French (1940), 52
Camp Bucca, 213
Camp of Saints, The, 133, 220
Campsfield House, 168
Camus, Renaud, 220
Canada and First World War, 40
and Second World War, 53, 70
clearing of Amerindians, 22
Dominion status of (1867), 24
economic development of, 23
settlement in, 2, 23, 45
Cantle, Ted, 199
Canton, 20
Cape colony British seize, 18, 22
Great Trek from, 22
Cape Town statue of Rhodes in, 12
‘Capitalism 3.0’ (1973–2008), 207
‘Capitalism 4.0’, 207
capitalism, financial, 117120, 205206
capitalism, gentlemanly, 3, 16, 99
Caribbean migrants from classes as ‘illegal immigrants’, 246
migration from, 124
slavery in, 2, 4, 16
Carlile, Lord Alex, 229
Carnoux, 7
Carrington, Lord Peter, 112
Casablanca, 58, 69
Casablanca Conference (1943), 59, 81
Cash, Bill, 156