Empires of the Mind
Page 45
Geismar, Alain, 131
Génération Identitaire, 220
George V, 34, 37
Germany Bismarckian Reich, 155
defeat of (1945), 61
designs on British Empire, 53
Federal Republic of, 145, 149
invades France (1940), 50
postwar revival, 85
projects Thousand Year Reich, 51
recreates colonial empire in Europe, 50
reunification of (1990), 6, 149, 152, 260
Ghana, 105formed (1957), 74
ghettos in the metropolis, 5
Giap, General Võ Nguyên, 82
Gibbon, Edward, 167
Gibraltar Britain to stand by (2017), 243
Gilroy, Paul, 11, 200
Giraud, General Henri, 59, 60
Giscard d’Estaing, Valéry hosts G7 (1975), 118
on Maastricht, 155
Glinga, Werner, 138
Gold Coast, 69becomes Ghana (1957), 74
colonised by British, 27
Convention People’s Party, 73
riots (1948), 73
United Gold Coast Convention, 73
Goldie, George, 27
Goldmann, Nahum, 72
Goldsmith, James, 156
Gordimer, Nadine, 106
Gordon Walker, Patrick, 126
Goude, Jean-Paul, 117
Goutte d’Or district of Paris, 130, 176pro-Palestinian demonstration in (1971), 132
Gove, Michael on British history, 219
Gracey, General Douglas, 66
Grand Remplacement, Le, 220
‘Greater Britain’, 31, 71, 157, 244reinvented as the Anglosphere, 234
Greece, 249protests in (2008), 207
Gregory, Derek, 11
Griffiths, Peter, 126
Griotteray, Alain, 142
Guantánamo Bay, 186, 187, 194, 206
Guèye, Lamine citizenship law of 1946, 78
Guillaume, Augustin, 81
Guinea, 226
Guinea, French, 34rejects French Community (1958), 102
gunboats, 2, 6, 20, 230, 234, 255
Guyana, French, 64
Habré, Hissène, 115
Hached, Farhat murdered (1952), 81
Hadfi, Bilal, 228
Hadj, Messali founds Étoile Nord Africaine (1926), 46
leader of Algerian Popular Party (PPA), 64
leads Movement for the Triumph of Democratic Freedom (1946), 80
writes to US president (1945), 64
Haines, David, 223
Haiphong bombarded by French (1946), 79
Haiti, 63crisis of 2004, 194
Republic of, 17
Halifax, Canada, 23
Hall, Catherine, 9, 12
Hall, Stuart on beleagured Englishness, 217
on British racism, 179
on colonial mentalities in Britain, 123
on teaching of British history, 219
Hammache, Sid-Ahmed, 202
Hammersskjöld, Dag and Suez Crisis, 89
Hamon, Benoît, 249
Hamza, Abu, 163, 195extradition of, 216
Handsworth, 124, 135racial murder in (1969), 128
riots of 1981, 138
riots of 2011, 215
Hanslope Park, 95
Hardt, Michael, 190, 204
harkis and jihadism, 214
in French internment camps, 129
massacre of, 102
Harvard University, 1, 32
Hasni, Cheb, 177
Healey, Dennis and Suez Crisis, 89, 91
Heath, Edward and Britain’s membership of Europe (1961), 146
loses leadership of Conservative Party (1975), 137
negotiates British membership of EEC (1973), 147
Henning, Alan, 223
Henry VIII, 219
Herriot, Édouard opposes colonial reform (1946), 78
opposes European Defence Community, 86
Herzog, General Barry, 45
Hewitt, Rev. Guy, 246
Hezbollah attack on Beirut (1983), 159
hierarchies, colonial, 5, 78, 123, 125, 135, 136, 259
Hiroshima, 66
histories of homogeneous white nations, 5
histories, globalized, 220
history African according to Trevor-Roper, 8
colonial, 9, 10, 197, 199, 219
global, 9
postcolonial, 9, 10
Hitler, Adolf, 90, 113, 152, 165, 219, 231
Ho Chi Minh, 256, 257broken deal with French (1946), 78
founds Indochinese Communist Party (1929), 49
works for Comintern (1923), 44
Hoffmann, Stanley, 185
Hollande, François declares state of emergency (2015), 228
elected French president (2012), 221
launches air strikes on Syria (2014), 224
Holt, Harold, 70
Home Rule League, Indian, 41
Honeyford, Ray, 139, 164
Hong Kong, 20as a model for post-Brexit Britain, 234
Hopkins, A.G., 16, 99
Hopkins, Katie, 230, 241
Howard, Michael, 243
Howe, Geoffrey opposes Thatcher on Europe, 152
resignation speech (1990), 153
Hoyland, John, 131
Huddleston, Trevor, 76, 128
Hugo, Victor, 155
Hull, 233
Huntington, Samuel, 160
Hussein, Saddam fall of (2003), 12, 193
invades Kuwait (1990), 161
plays Islamic card (1990), 161
regime change and, 183, 187
Hussein, Sharif of Mecca, 41, 43
identity British, 5, 6, 165, 166, 167, 168, 199, 202, 208, 212, 218, 233, 237
English, 126, 217, 233
French, 6, 142, 172, 177, 197, 208
French national, 130
Muslim, 164, 169, 171, 178, 180
of black immigrants, 137
of immigrants, 259
Ignatieff, Michael on American Empire, 185
immigration and integration, 164, 167, 202, 226
as scapegoat for national ills, 176
attempts to restrict, 127, 133, 136, 142, 167, 176, 216, 238, 259
bearing colonial past, 11
felt as ‘swamping’, 76, 126, 133, 137, 142, 220, 259
first generation of, 135
from Algeria, 130
from colonies after Second World War, 5, 258
from Europe after Second World War, 129
from French North Africa, 129, 174
generation born 1970, 169
‘hostile environment’ for, 217, 246
‘illegal’, 216
in ghetto areas, 124, 129, 130, 135, 227
restrictions on, 124
second generation of, 135
imperialism age of is finished, 57, 68
Americans copy British, 185
defended after 1945, 63
free trade, 3
global financial, 4, 117120
‘New’, 9
reinvented after 9/11, 185
India and First World War, 41
as global power, 6
British Raj in, 24
Cabinet mission (1942), 56
Cabinet mission (1946), 71
civil disobedience in, 48
demands for self-government (1916–17), 41
demands for self-government (1928), 48
Government of India Act (1935), 48
independence of (1947), 68, 72
migrant workers laid off (2008), 206
migration from, 124
Montagu-Chelmsford reforms (1919), 43
Mutiny of 1857, 9, 24
North-West frontier, 34, 159
nostalgia for the Raj, 235
Partition of (1947), 4, 71
Quit India campaign (1942), 57
threatened by Japan (1942), 56
total disobedience to British rule (1942), 58
Indigènes de la République, Les, 251, 259founded (2008), 12, 198
>
Indigènes de la République, Parti des, 221
Indochina anti-French resistance in, 49
federation project (1946), 78
French in, 32
French loss of (1954), 68, 82
promise of Indochinese federation (1945), 66
Indonesia, 118
Inglorious Empire, 242
‘Inquisition, Liberal’, 166
Inquisition, Spanish, 165
International Monetary Fund, 4, 118119, 121Labour government seeks loan from (1976), 118
neoliberal agenda of, 207
Iran Islamic Republic in, 4, 158, 258
Iraq, 41and Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD), 187
as British mandate, 3, 192
bombing of (1920), 47, 192, 256
bombing of (2003), 192
buildup to war in (2002–3), 189
Islamist resistance in, 194
military occupation of, 193, 201
nationalist coup in (1941), 52
‘Palestinisation’ of, 193
US air strikes against ISIS in (2014), 223
Ireland Act of Union (1801), 18
Easter rising (1916), 40
famine, 23
Government of Ireland Act (1921), 109
largest minority in Britain from, 123
rebellion of 1798, 18
Islam global, 160
political, 121
turn to, 169, 170, 178, 180, 200, 214
Islamic Armed Movement (MIA), 163
Islamic Salvation Front (FIS), 163, 177, 213
Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), 4, 211, 258beheading of hostages (2014), 223
proclaims Caliphate (2014), 223
Islamism and terrorism, 213, 214
global, 158, 164, 175, 178, 180, 258
radicalisation into, 178
Islamophobia, 158, 164, 169, 208
Israel and Suez Crisis, 86, 89
armed by France, 88
as a new colonial power, 257
builds Iron Wall (2002), 184
invades Lebanon (1982), 159
occupation of Arab lands, 73
settler colonialism of, 73, 131
state proclaimed (1948), 73
Italy Allied forces land in (1943), 60
at core of EEC, 145
defeated in Africa, 60
Ivory Coast, 34
Ivory, James, 7
Jallianwala Bagh massacre (1919). See Amritsar massacre (1919)
Jamaica British (1655), 16
migration from, 211
plantation economy in, 16
Jameson, Leander Starr, 30
Japan Allied offensive against (1943–5), 60
and defeat of British Empire (1942), 55
and First World War, 42
bombs Australia (1942), 55
capitulates (1945), 66, 78
defeat of British Empire, 39
defeat of French Empire, 39
defeats China (1895), 29
Great East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere of, 56
humiliated at Paris Peace Conference (1919), 44
invades China (1937), 49
Meiji restoration in (1867), 29
modernisation of, 29
seizes Manchuria (1931), 49
Jarrah, Ziad, 182
Jerusalem occupied by British (1917), 41
Jews and citizenship, 32
Jhabvala, Ruth Prawer, 7
Jinnah, Muhammed Ali, 48
John, Augustine, 135
John, Jihadi. See Enwazi, Mohammed
Johnson, Boris as Foreign Secretary, 238
cites Kipling in Myanmar, 243
on empire, 1, 234
on Europe, 156
Johnson, Chalmers, 193
Johnson, Linton Kwesi, 137, 247
Jones, Claudia, 124
Jones, Colonel H., 242
Jones, General Rupert, 242
Jonnart, Charles, 43
Jospin, Lionel, 172, 175, 204and memory of Algerian War, 175
government of (1997–2002), 178
Jouhaud, General Edmond, 100
Juin, General Alphonse, 81, 83
Julien, Charles-André, 8
June Days (1848), 22
Kabul Soviets withdraw from (1989), 159
Karembeu, Christian, 178
Karzai, Mohammed, 185
Kashmir migration from, 139, 164
Kaunda, Kenneth, 94
Kelkal, Khaled, 177
Kenya British atrocities in, 3, 10, 94, 200
British colonisation of, 27
colonial gulag in, 74
colony in 1920, 45
‘the colony without income tax’, 45
flight of Asians from (1967–8), 124, 125, 127
Hola camp massacre (1959), 93
settlers in, 74
‘white highlands’, 74
Kenyatta, Jomo, 95fights for Kenyan independence, 74
Kepel, Gilles, 171, 196
Keynes, John Maynard, 69
Khaled, Cheb, 177
Khaled, Emir of Algeria, 43
Khalifat movement, 41, 48
Khan, Mohammed Sidique, 200
Khomeini, Ayatollah, 158fatwa against Salman Rushdie, 165
Kimberley, 27
King, Cecil, 108
Kipling, Lockwood, 24
Kipling, Rudyard, 24, 32, 144, 243‘the England of Kipling is dead’ (1962), 146
‘the old Kipling idea of Empire is dead’, 57
‘white man’s burden’, 256
Kitchener, Lord Herbert, 27, 113
Kohl, Helmut, 152meets François Mitterrand, 149
Korea Japanese protectorate, 29
Kouachi, Chérif, 196, 224
Kouachi, Saïd, 224
Kruger, Paul, 30
Kureishi, Hanif, 169
Kuwait, 117hub of oil trade, 161
invaded by Iraq (1990), 161
Iraquis driven out (1990), 162
La République en Marche, 249
Lahouaiej-Bouhlel, Mohamed, 229
laïcité and Charlie Hebdo affair, 225
and colonialism, 172, 173, 259
and French citizenship, 5
and Jewish community, 172
and Muslims, 222
and republicanism, 171, 172, 178, 197
benevolent, 172
Charter of (2013), 221
commission on (2003), 197
divisiveness of, 226
of combat, 172, 173, 259
Lallaoui, Mehdi, 174
Lamberton, Jean-Marie, 103
Lammy, David, 246
Laos, 66, 98
Larzac plateau, 116, 140, 190
Latin America land question in, 119
Lawrence, Doreen, 211
Lawrence, Stephen, 211murder of (1993), 179
Le Dantec, Jean-Pierre and Maoism, 130
Le Pen, Jean-Marie and 1995 presidential election, 176
founds Front National (1972), 134
opposes Algerian independence (1959), 100
popularity breakthrough (1984), 141
Le Pen, Marine and The Camp of Saints, 220
‘Brexit, and now France!’, 247
defeated in 2017 presidential elections, 249
on French ‘honour and glory’ (2013), 232
on history of France, 222
Le Penism, 177
League of Nations, 44, 47, 50, 184, 256and equality of nations, 3
mandates become trusteeships, 63
Leahy, Admiral William, 58
Leamington immigration in, 124
Lean, David, 168
Lebanon, 73French divide and rule policy, 47
independence (1941), 53
Leclerc, Philippe, 93asks for white troops (1943), 62
in Indochina (1945–6), 66, 78
lands in Normandy (1944), 61
takes French Equatorial Africa (1940), 52
Lefebvre, Barbara, 251, 261
Lehman Brothers bankruptcy (2008), 205
Leni
n, Vladimir, 44
Lennox-Boyd, Alan, 76, 94
Leopold II of Belgium, 26
Les Minguettes, 140
Lesseps, Ferdinand de, 19
Lévy, Bernard-Henri in Libya, 210
Lewis, Bernard, 160
Liberia, 63
Libya, 98Arab Spring in, 209
British intervention in (2011), 241
civil war, 212, 241
nursery of jihadism, 240
Lieux de Mémoire, Les, 8
Lilley, Peter, 168
Lindsay, Martin, 125
Liverpool colonial economy of, 16
second-generation immigrants in, 135
Lloyd George, David, 43
Lloyd, Selwyn, 86, 97
London attacks of 7/7 2005, 200, 258
attacks of 2017, 240, 258
City of, 206
Olympics (2012), 211
riots of 2011, 215
Stock Market crash (2008), 205
Louverture, Toussaint, 16, 194
Lucas, Caroline, 230
Lugard, Frederick, 34
Lyautey, Hubert, 34, 46, 82, 251
Lyon immigrant suburbs of, 136
MacArthur, General Douglas, 55
Macartney, Lord George, 20
Mackinnon, William, 27
Macleod, Iain and destruction of colonial archives, 95
and transfer of power in Africa, 95
Macmillan, Harold and Britain’s bid to join Europe (1961–3), 145
avoids ‘Algerian’ situation in Rhodesia, 107
plan for Europe (1956), 86
‘wind of change’ speech (1960), 144
Macron, Emmanuel addresses American Congress (2018),
and Françafrique, 251
and French leadership of Europe, 249
and reform of European Union, 249
and soft power, 252
becomes French president (2017), 249
imitates De Gaulle, 250
Napoleonic ambitions of, 250