Empires of the Mind
Page 47
Revolution, ‘Wall Street’, 207
Rhine, Confederation of the, 145
Rhodes, Cecil colonial enterprises of, 27, 30
legacy of, 106
quoted, 107
‘Rhodes must fall’, 12
Rhodesia as a ‘new Australia’, 45
Bush War in, 108
economic development of, 27
in Central African Federation, 70
Northern becomes Zambia, 107
self-government of (1923), 45
Unilateral Declaration of Independence (1965), 108
white settlers in, 107
white supremacy in, 45
Ridley, Nicholas, 152
Rigby, Lee, 214, 216
Roberts, Andrew, 10, 200
Robinson, Ronald, 8, 16
Rocard, Michel, 117
Rome, Treaty of (1957), 91
Rooney, Patrick, 110
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 39, 54death of (1945), 63
prefers Vichy to Free French, 58
questions legitimacy of French empire, 58
signs Lend-Lease agreement (1941), 53
Rorke’s Drift, Battle of (1879), 29
Roume, Ernest, 34
Rowlatt, Justice Sidney, 44
Royal Dutch Shell, 119
Rudd, Amber, 246
Rumsfeld, Donald, 183, 188
Runnymede Trust, 179, 283, 284, 288
Rushdie, Salman, 170, 246on British ignorance of their history, 168, 261
on the British nation, 138
Satanic Verses, 164, 259
Russia and Crimean War, 18
as global power, 261
in First World War, 41
revival of after 2000, 6
threat to British India, 24, 34
Sagel, Captain Prem Kumar, 56
Sahara, French, 99
Saigon besieged (1860–1), 21
contested (1945), 66
occupied by Japanese (1940), 52
Saint-Arnaud, Armand de, 19
Saint-Denis police assault on (2015), 228
Saint-Domingue, 16, 195
Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon, 58
Sakiet Sidi Youssef, 92
Salafism, 213, 221, 224influence on Muslim youth in Europe, 213
Salan, General Raoul, 100and ‘Battle of Algiers’, 91
traumatised by Dien Bien Phu (1954), 82
Sandé, Emili, 211
Sankara, Thomas, 251
Sarkozy, Nicolas and Museum of the History of France, 222
and policing of banlieues, 202
intervenes in Syria (2011), 210
on Algerian War, 173
Sarraut, Albert, 38, 46
Sartre, Jean-Paul, 132
Satanic Verses, 180crisis over (1989), 164
Saudi Arabia, 117, 119jihadists from, 182
Schroeder, Helmut, 187
Schuman, Robert, 85evoked by Emmanuel Macron, 250
Schwartz, Bill, 9
Schwartz, Laurent, 92
Scott, Paul, 168
‘Seattle, Battle for’ (1999), 190
Seeley, J.R., 31
segregation in American South, 123
in colonies, 2, 74
in the metropolis, 5, 124, 130, 226, 228, 229, 259
Séguin, Philippe, 155
Senegal, 78French conquest of, 26
French rule in, 33
Senghor, Léopold Sédar on reform of empire (1946), 78
on Thiaroye massacre (1944), 62
Sétif, 59
Sétif massacre (1945), 64, 257as founding myth, 259
commemorated (2008), 198
Shanghai, 20, 50massacre of communists in (1927), 49
Shantung, 42, 44
Sharon, Ariel, 184
Sharpeville massacre (1960), 104
Shepard, Todd, 9
Simon, Pierre-Henri, 92
Simonstown, 70, 77
Sind, 24annexed by Britain, 24
Singaïny, Patrick, 226
Singapore as a model for post-Brexit Britain, 234, 244
fall of (1940), 54
fall of (1942), 256
port founded, 18
Sked, Alan, 157
slave trade, 2, 8, 12, 16, 18, 40, 255abolition of, 18
abolition of, bicentenary, 12
return of, 119
slavery, 2, 16, 27in Caribbean, 4
profits from, 12
reintroduction of, 17
Slim, General William, 60
Smethwick anti-immigrant election of 1964, 126
Smith, Adam, 16, 99, 234, 243
Smith, Anna Marie, 123
Smith, Ian quotes Churchill, 109
supported by Enoch Powell, 126
Smuts, Jan, 30, 45loses power (1948), 70
on a decentralised empire (1943), 55
on Africa as a ‘white man’s country’, 45
on Britain with ‘nothing left in the till’ (1943), 55
Solanko, Ladipo, 38
Somalia, 214
Sophiatown, 76
SOS-Racisme, 140
Sotoff, Steven, 223
South Africa Africans disfranchised (1936), 45
apartheid in, 4, 76, 104, 105, 257
becomes a republic (1960), 105
Confederation project (1877), 29
Defiance Movement in (1952), 76
investment in, 4, 76, 106, 257
leaves the Commonwealth (1960), 105
Nationalist victory (1948), 70, 76
resistance in, 76
sanctions against, 106
settlement in, 2, 22
strategic importance of, 76
Union of (1910), 30
Soviet Union and Cold War, 72
and Communist bloc, 90
defeat in Afghanistan (1989), 159
implosion of, 159
invades Afganistan, 159
invades Hungary, 89
power after 1945, 63
threat to Africa, 98
threat to Middle East, 77, 88
trains Chinese nationalists (1920s), 49
Spaak, Pierre-Henri, 86
Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty, 10
Starkey, David, 219
Stirbois, Jean-Pierre, 141
Stoler, Ann Laura, 9
Stora, Benjamin, 11, 173and 1968, 130
Straw, Jack on multiculturalism, 179
Sudan, French, 34
Suez Canal, 27attacked by Turks (1915), 41
British forces withdrawal from (1954–6), 87
Company, 19, 26
Suez Crisis (1956), 68, 91, 112not the last colonial intervention, 257
repeat in 1990?, 161
Suez Group, 88, 90
Sukarno, 87
Sun Yat-sen, 49
superiority, doctrines of white, 259
Swaraj self-rule movement, 35
Sykes-Picot agreement (1916), 41
Syria, 41air strikes on by USA and France (2014), 224
Arab Spring in, 209
as French mandate, 3, 47
British and US air strikes on Assad’s chemical facilities (2018), 247
British intervention debated (2015), 230
civil war in, 212
democratic oposition in (2011), 212
French seek to regain (1945), 64
independence (1941), 53
independence proclaimed (1920), 43
problem of intervening in (2013), 223
refugees from, 247
Taliban, 185
Tangiers, 69
Tanweer, Shehzad, 201
Tanzania, 124
Tasmania, 21
Taylor, A.J.P., 157
Tebbit, Norman ‘cricket test’, 166
hostile to Europe, 156
on ‘English-speaking armies’, 168
Tecumseh, Shawnee chief, 22
Teheran, 172
Tharoor, Shashi, 236, 242
Thatcher, Margaret and Zimbabwe, 111
as Britannia, 113
becomes leader of Co
nservative Party (1975), 136
Bruges speech (1988), 151, 231
criticises EEC budget, 149
gift of A Tale of Two Cities to Mitterrand, 152
‘No. No. No.’ (1990), 153
on Falklands War, 113
on immigration (1978), 137
on ‘island race’, 112
on the British nation (1982), 138
resigns (1990), 154
Thiaroye, mutiny of (1944), 62
Third World, 114and ‘new international economic order’, 118, 258
debt of, 118, 258
foreign policy responses to, 111, 114
immigration from, 133
resistance to globalisation in, 120revolutions in, 131
Thompson, E.P., 113
Tientsin, Treaty of (1885), 29
Tilak, Bal Gangadhar, 35, 41, 43
Tillion, Germaine, 92, 279, 289
Timothy, Nick, 244
Tipu, Sultan of Mysore, 18
Tirailleurs Sénégalais, 27, 40, 51, 62
Tjibaou, Jean-Marie, 116
Togo, 34
Tojo, General Hideki, 56
Tonkin, 66, 79as frontier of liberty (1951), 80
French protectorate, 29
torture and the British government, 202
in French Algeria, 14
in War on Terror, 186, 194
Toulon, 18
Toulouse jihadist attack in 2012, 214
Touré, Sékou, 102, 103
Tower Hamlets, 135discrimination against Bengalis in (1966), 125
Pakistani self-defence in, 128
Toxteth, 135riots of 1981, 138
Trafalgar, Battle of (1805), 18, 52
Transjordan, 41, 73
Transvaal, 27, 29
treaties, unequal, 2
Trevor-Roper, Hugh, 8
Tripoli liberated (2011), 210
Trotsky, Leon, 42
Trotskyism, 130, 134
Truman, Harry, 63and Jewish state, 72
Trump, Donald, 220and US intervention in Syria (2017), 231
bombs Mosul and Raqqa (2017), 240
Tunisia and Arab Spring, 210
French bomb FLN rebels in (1958), 92
French control of (1881), 26
French protectorate in, 32, 81
gains independence (1954), 83
nationalist Neo Destour party in, 81
new constitution (2011), 212
Turkey question of inclusion in EU, 203, 204
Uganda British colonisation of, 27
Um Nyobé, Ruben, 103
ummah (global community of Islam), 177, 181, 192, 201
Union of Muslim Youth (UJM), 177
Union, French (1946–58), 78, 80, 97
United Arab Emirates, 117, 119
United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP) and European elections 2014, 233
and immigration, 5
attacks EU, 232
founded (1993), 156
United Nations ambiguity on empire (1945), 63
and black majority rule, 107
and decolonisation, 3
and Suez Crisis (1956), 89
authorises intervention in Libya (2011), 209
call for abolition of apartheid (1960), 105
call for Algerian independence (1959), 99
call for Israel to withdraw from occupied territories (1967), 132
Charter (1945), 63, 257
Convention on Refugees, 167
Declaration on Granting Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples (1960), 90, 98
fails to intervene in Syria (2012), 212
founded (1945), 50, 62
resolutions on Iraq war (2002–3), 188
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 118
United States and equality of nations, 3
and First World War, 42
and new world order post Cold War, 160
as hegemonic power, 6
as the ‘Great Satan’, 159
Civil Rights movement in, 126
declares war on Japan (1941), 54
financial crisis in (2008), 205
in Second World War, 50
liberal interventionism of, 185, 258
‘special relationship’ with Britain, 5, 91
triumph after Cold War, 258
Upper Volta, 34
Urabi, Colonel Ahmed, 26
Valls, Manuel, 229
veil controversies in Algeria, 93
in France, 5, 173, 197
Venezuela, 117, 119
Vénissieux, 136, 140
Verdun, Battle of (1916), 40symbol of Franco-German reconciliation (1984), 149
Verwoerd, Hendrik, 104assassination of (1966), 106
Vicente, Rafael Sebastián Guillén. See Marcos, Subcomandante
Vichy regime collaborates with Germany, 53
Victoria, Queen, 45, 144proclaimed Empress of India (1876), 24
Vidal-Naquet, Pierre, 92
Vieira, Patrick, 178
Vietminh, 82
Vietnam Japan takes full control of (1945), 66
joins the UN, 98
occupied by Japanese (1940), 52
republic of (1945), 66
students protest at 1931 Colonial Exhibition, 39
US imperialism in, 131
Villepin, Dominique de intervenes in Haiti (2004), 195
Viollette, Maurice, 46
Vorster, John, 106
Voulet, Captain Paul, 27
Wakefield, Edward Gibbon, 21, 22
Walmart, 119
War Algerian. See Algeria: war of independence (1954–62)
Boer, 30, 244
Chimurenga (1896–7), 45
Crimean, 18
Desert, 161
Falklands, 7, 114, 118, 138
First World, 42
Franco-Prussian (1870), 260
Gulf, 171, 180
Iraq, 191194Muslim demonstrations against, 192
worldwide demonstations against, 188
Napoleonic, 6, 18, 21
of 1812, 22
Opium, 20
Peninsular, 19
Second World, 62and British nationalism, 113, 157
brings colonial powers to their knees, 256
Britain’s ‘good’, 5, 157, 168
colonial troops in, 4
France’s disastrous, 157, 173
German ambitions in, 3
refought in Britain, 156
Sino-Japanese (1937–45), 50
Six Day (1967), 131
Vietnam, 131, 147
War on Terror, 9, 182, 183, 184, 208, 258brutality of, 186
Warsi, Sayeeda and the exclusion of British Muslims
on ‘British values’, 218
resignation of (2014), 218
urges explanation of terrorism, 216
Washington consensus, 119
Wavell, General Archibald, 53, 54
Wealth of Nations, The, 16
Welensky, Sir Roy, 94, 107
Welles, Sumner, 54, 57
Wellesley, Arthur, Duke of Wellington, 17, 113
Wellesley, Henry, 18
Wellesley, Richard, 17
white superiority, doctrines of, 15, 31, 44, 97, 262
Williams, Eric, 8
Williams, Henry Sylvester, 31
Wilson, Harold and Rhodesia crisis, 108
renegotiates deal with Europe, 147
withdraws forces from east of Suez, 111
Wilson, Woodrow, 39, 42, 43
‘Wilsonian moment’, the, 43
‘Windrush generation’, 7
‘Windrush generation’ affair (2018), 246
Wolfowitz, Paul, 183
Woolf, Virginia, 37
World Bank, 118, 121financial imperialism of, 4
World Social Forum at Porto Alegre (2001), 190
World Social Movement denounces war (2002), 190
World Trade Center 9/11 attack on, 182
World Trade Organization, 190
Wright, Richard visits
Gold Coast (1953), 73
Xi Jinping, 252
Yaoundé convention (1963), 145
Yarl’s Wood, 244
Yates, Kieran on ‘British values’, 218
Yemen, 224
Young Muslims of France (JMF), 177
Young Muslims UK, 170
Yuan Shi Kai, 42, 49
Yugoslavia breakup of, 163
Zaghlul, Sa’d, 43
Zanzibar, 27
Zapatista Liberation Army, 120
Zeller, General André, 100
Zephaniah, Benjamin, 259
Zidane, Zinedine, 178
Zimbabwe independence of (1979), 111
Zionism resistance organisations, 65
Zulus defeated (1838), 29
defeated (1879), 22