32. Letter from Varina Howell Davis to Maj. W. H. Morgan, September 1888.
33. Letter from Varina Howell Davis to Maj. W. H. Morgan, September 1888.
34. Letter from Varina Howell Davis to Maj. W. H. Morgan, September 1888.
35. W. C. Davis, Jefferson Davis, 685.
36. Letter from Varina Howell Davis to Maj. W. H. Morgan, September 1888.
37. Ross, First Lady of the South, 356.
38. Cashin, First Lady of the Confederacy, 262.
39. Monsees, “How the Daughter of the Confederacy Almost Became a Daughter of New York.”
40. “Banking House Failures: Syracuse Excited over an Assignment: The House of Wilkinson and Co. Closes Its Doors Owing Nearly Half a Million—Assets Very Meagre,” New York Times, December 11, 1884 (courtesy of Eve LaPlante).
41. LaPlante, Marmee and Louisa, 272.
42. LaPlante, Marmee and Louisa, 272.
43. Louisa May Alcott, quoted in LaPlante, Marmee and Louisa, 272.
44. Cashin, First Lady of the Confederacy, 261.
45. LaPlante, Marmee and Louisa, 249–50.
46. Letter from Varina Howell Davis to Maj. W. H. Morgan, September 1888.
47. Letter from Varina Howell Davis to Maj. W. H. Morgan, September 1888.
48. Cashin, First Lady of the Confederacy, 263.
49. “Notable Betrothal,” Syracuse Standard, April 17, 1890, Wilkinson (Emory) Family File.
50. Silber, Romance of Reunion, 94.
12. ENGAGEMENT ISSUES
1. Ross, First Lady of the South, 358.
2. Monsees, “How the Daughter of the Confederacy Almost Became a Daughter of New York”; Ross, First Lady of the South, 358.
3. Foster, Ghosts of the Confederacy, 28.
4. Ross, First Lady of the South, 358.
5. Zimmerman, Love Fiercely, 113.
6. “The Daughter of the Confederacy,” New York Times, October 20, 1889.
7. Letter from Varina Howell Davis to Gen. Jubal Early, May 5, 1883, Harrison Family Papers, 1744–1930, accession no. 2536, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library.
8. Letter from Varina Howell Davis to Gen. Jubal Early, May 5, 1883.
9. Letter from Varina Howell Davis to Constance Cary Harrison, October 19, 1890, Harrison Family Papers, 1744–1930, accession no. 2536, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library.
10. Ross, First Lady of the South, 336.
11. Melinda Beck, “Time for a Good Old-Fashioned Nervous Breakdown,” Wall Street Journal, Health Journal, February 28, 2012, D2–3.
12. Gosling, Before Freud, 9.
13. Corn et al., Women on the Verge, 7.
14. Corn et al., Women on the Verge, 1.
15. Corn et al., Women on the Verge, 2.
16. Beck, “Time for a Good Old-Fashioned Nervous Breakdown,”D3.
17. Monsees, “How the Daughter of the Confederacy Almost Became a Daughter of New York.”
18. Kelly, “‘Daughter of the Confederacy’ Found Love with a Yankee,” 82.
13. ITALIAN IDYLL
1. Morris, Pulitzer, 280.
2. Strode, Jefferson Davis, 563.
3. Strode, Jefferson Davis, 562.
4. “Winnie Davis in Paris,” Middletown Daily Press, December 7, 1889.
5. “Winnie Davis in Paris.”
6. V. H. Davis, Jefferson Davis, 930–31.
7. Letter from Varina Howell Davis to Maj. W. H. Morgan, March 9, 1890, Jefferson Davis Family Papers, 1795–1913, LC.
8. Ross, First Lady of the South, 366.
9. Letter from Varina Anne Davis to Varina Howell Davis, March 1, 1890, Jefferson Davis Family Papers, 1795–1913, LC.
10. Gabriel, Art of Acquiring, 21.
11. Letter from Varina Howell Davis to Maj. W. H. Morgan, (1889?), Jefferson Davis Family Papers, 1795–1913, LC.
12. Letter from Alfred Wilkinson to Varina Howell Davis, March 4, 1890, Jefferson Davis Family Papers, 1795–1913, LC.
13. Zimmerman, Love Fiercely, 113.
14. Cashin, First Lady of the Confederacy, 172–74, 46–48
15. Morris, Pulitzer, 309.
16. Morris, Pulitzer, 311.
17. Edwards, “Memories of Winnie Davis.”
18. Gosling, Before Freud, 2.
19. Letter from Varina Anne Davis to Maj. W. H. Morgan, March [?], 1890, Jefferson Davis Family Papers, LC.
14. DEAR DIARY
Epigraph: Varina Anne Davis, dedication to Varina Howell Davis, Italian Journal, January 29–April 3, 1890, Jefferson Davis Family Papers, Eleanor S. Brockenbrough Archives.
1. John Coski, historian and vice president of research and publications, Museum of the Confederacy, Richmond, email to the author, August 30, 2011.
2. Coski, email to the author, August 30, 2011.
3. Varina Anne Davis, Italian Journal, diary entry from Friday, January 31, 1890, 1–2, Jefferson Davis Family Papers, Eleanor S. Brockenbrough Archives.
4. Davis, Italian Journal, 98.
5. Davis, Italian Journal, 3.
6. John Coski, historian and vice president of Research and Publications, Museum of the Confederacy, interview by the author, April 30, 2011, Richmond.
7. Davis, Italian Journal, 159, 225.
8. Davis, Italian Journal, 139.
9. Letter from Alfred Wilkinson to Varina Howell Davis, February 25, 1890, Jefferson Davis Family Papers, LC.
10. Varina Anne Davis, Italian Journal, 62.
11. Letter from Alfred Wilkinson to Maj. W. H. Morgan, March 1, 1890, Jefferson Davis Family Papers, LC.
12. Letter from Alfred Wilkinson to Varina Howell Davis, March 4, 1890, Jefferson Davis Family Papers, LC.
13. Letter from Alfred Wilkinson to Varina Howell Davis, March 4, 1890.
14. Davis, Italian Journal, 232.
15. Davis, Italian Journal, 233.
16. Alfred Wilkinson, letter to Varina Howell Davis, March 1, 1890.
17. Letter from Alfred Wilkinson to Varina Howell Davis, March 4, 1890.
18. Letter from Alfred Wilkinson to Varina Howell Davis, March 4, 1890.
19. Letter from Alfred Wilkinson to Varina Howell Davis, March 4, 1890.
15. A WORLD ON FIRE
1. “Winnie Davis to Be Married,” New York Times, April 27, 1890.
2. Hardin, After the War, 15–16.
3. Letter from Varina Howell Davis to Gen. Jubal Early, April 20, 1890, Early Family Papers, 1764–1956, sec. 4, Virginia Historical Society (VHS).
4. Hardin, After the War, 15; Cashin, First Lady of the Confederacy, 271–72.
5. “A Coming Auspicious Event: And Some Kindly Meant but Perhaps Impertinent Newspaper Comment,” Rochester Herald, April [?], 1890, Wilkinson (Emory) Family File.
6. Troy Times, April [?], 1890, OHA.
7. Monsees, “How the Daughter of the Confederacy Almost Became a Daughter of New York.”
8. Sinclair, Southern Belle, 60.
9. Wilkinson memoir, 29.
10. Hardin, Syracuse Landmarks, 217.
11. Wilkinson memoir, 20.
12. Wilkinson memoir, 20.
13. Wilkinson memoir, 21.
14. “Wilkinson Homestead Totally Destroyed by Fire Thursday,” W Journal, August 23, 1890, BLK 45D, Wilkinson (Emory) Family File.
15. Wilkinson memoir, 21.
16. “Explosion of Benzine,” Syracuse Journal, August 23, 1890, BLK, 45D, Wilkinson (Emory) Family File.
17. Wilkinson memoir, 21.
18. Wilkinson memoir, 21.
19. “Explosion of Benzine.”
20. Wilkinson memoir, 21.
21. Wilkinson, quoted in “Explosion of Benzine.”
22. Wilkinson memoir, 22.
23. Ross, First Lady of the South, 370.
24. Ross, First Lady of the South, 370.
25. Cashin, First Lady of the Confederacy, 272.
26. “The Engagement Off: Mr. Wilkinson Not to Marry Winnie Davis,” Utica Globe, October 18, 1890, Wilkinson (Emory) Family File.
&nb
sp; 27. Monsees, “How the Daughter of the Confederacy Almost Became a Daughter of New York.”
28. Ross, First Lady of the South, 371.
29. Wilkinson memoir, 22.
30. Ross, First Lady of the South, 370.
31. Letter from Varina Howell Davis to Maj. W. H. Morgan, October 5, 1890, Jefferson Davis Family Papers, LC.
32. Letter from Varina Howell Davis to Maj. W. H. Morgan, October 5, 1890.
33. Wilkinson memoir, 22.
16. QUEEN OF A MYSTIC COURT
Epigraph: Sinclair, Queen of a Mystic Court, bk. 1.
1. “Romance Local Man with Davis Girl Hit in 1890,” Skaneatles (NY) Press, January 6, 1961, Wilkinson (Emory) Family File.
2. “Romance Local Man with Davis Girl Hit in 1890.”
3. “Romance Local Man with Davis Girl Hit in 1890.”
4. Lynda Crist, ed., Papers of Jefferson Davis at Rice University, email to the author, October 10, 2012.
5. Monsees, “How the Daughter of the Confederacy Almost Became a Daughter of New York.”
6. Scrapbook (CMLS) no. 29, Jefferson Davis Family Papers, Eleanor S. Brock-enbrough Archives.
7. Scrapbook (CMLS) no. 29, Jefferson Davis Family Papers.
8. Rowland, Varina Howell, 507.
9. Edwards, “Memories of Winnie Davis,” 6.
10. Richmond Times, September 24, 1898.
11. Evans, Macaria, intro., xviii.
12. Faust, “Altars of Sacrifice,” 1218, 1211.
13. Faust, “Altars of Sacrifice,” intro., xxi.
14. Faust, “Altars of Sacrifice,” 1219.
15. Ross, First Lady of the South, 387–88.
16. Cashin, First Lady of the Confederacy, 273.
17. Cashin, First Lady of the Confederacy, 288.
18. LaCavera, Varina Anne “Winnie” Davis, 28.
19. Lily Jackson, “‘Daughter of the Confederacy’ and a Queen of Comus,” Jefferson Davis Family Papers, Eleanor S. Brockenbrough Library.
20. D. R. McGuire, “When the Darling of the South Ruled Comus,” New Orleans Times Picayune, February 25, 1938, 31, Jefferson Davis Scrapbook.
21. Mitchell, All on Mardi Gras Day, 103.
22. Martha M. Boltz, “The Civil War,” Washington Times Communities, February 17, 2010.
23. Henri Schindler, Mardi Gras Treasures: Jewelry of the Golden Age (Gretna: Pelican Publishing, 2006), 15.
24. Sinclair, Southern Belle, 20–21.
25. Sinclair, Queen of a Mystic Court, bk. 1.
26. Sinclair, Queen of a Mystic Court, bk. 1.
27. Sinclair, Queen of a Mystic Court, bk. 1.
28. Sinclair, Queen of a Mystic Court, bk. 1.
29. McGuire, “When the Darling of the South Ruled Comus,” 31; Sinclair, Queen of a Mystic Court, bk. 1.
30. Boltz, “Civil War.”
31. Sinclair, Southern Belle, 54, 59.
32. Sinclair, Southern Belle, 58.
33. Sinclair, Southern Belle, 61; Sinclair, Queen of a Mystic Court, intro.
34. Sinclair, Queen of a Mystic Court, bk. 1.
35. Sinclair, Queen of a Mystic Court, bk. 1.
36. Sinclair, Queen of a Mystic Court, bk. 1.
37. Sinclair, Queen of a Mystic Court, bk. 1.
38. Sinclair, Queen of a Mystic Court, bk. 2.
39. Sinclair, Southern Belle, 59–60.
40. Sinclair, Queen of a Mystic Court, bk. 2.
41. Sinclair, Queen of a Mystic Court, bk. 2.
42. Sinclair, Queen of a Mystic Court, bk. 2.
43. Sinclair, Queen of a Mystic Court, bk. 2.
44. Sinclair, Southern Belle, 77, 75.
45. Sinclair, Queen of a Mystic Court, bk. 1.
17. NEW YORK, NEW WOMAN
Epigraph: Tuttle, “Miss Winnie Davis, a Tribute,” Tuttle’s Poems, 4.
1. Hardin, After the War, 20.
2. Sinclair, Southern Belle, 59.
3. Cashin, First Lady of the Confederacy, 273.
4. Cashin, First Lady of the Confederacy, 274.
5. Thomas Nelson Page, quoted in Silber, Romance of Reunion, 113.
6. Cashin, First Lady of the Confederacy, 279, 212.
7. Waugh, Surviving the Confederacy, 329.
8. Letter from Varina Davis to Mrs. A. McC. Kimbrough, November 12, 1894, Jefferson Davis Papers, LC.
9. Ross, First Lady of the South, 378.
10. Letter from Varina Howell Davis to Alice Graham Lanigan, June 6, 1891, Jim Davis, Private Collection, Richmond.
11. Cashin, First Lady of the Confederacy, 279.
12. Ross, First Lady of the South, 379.
13. Appleton and Boswell, Searching for Their Places, 155.
14. Zimmerman, Love Fiercely, 89.
15. Zacks, Island of Vice, 3.
16. Berkin, Civil War Wives, 214.
17. Harrison, Refugitta of Richmond, 198.
18. New York City Directory, vol. 110, July 1, 1897.
19. Cashin, First Lady of the Confederacy, 280.
20. Women in Mourning, 6 (catalog of the Museum of the Confederacy’s corollary exhibition, November 14, 1984–January 6, 1986, Richmond).
21. Thomas, “Story of the Jefferson Davis Funeral Train.”
22. Richmond Dispatch, May 30, 1893.
23. Richmond Dispatch, May 30, 1893.
24. Cashin, First Lady of the Confederacy, 277.
25. Archival photo of Varina Anne Davis, Margaret Addison Hayes, Joel Addison Hayes, and a friend, August 1894, Cripple Creek co, Colorado Springs Pioneers Museum, Starsmore Center for Local History.
26. “Madeline Pollard Is in Colorado: She and the ‘Daughter of the Rebellion’ Are in the Same Town,” Greeley Tribune, August 2, 1894, Colorado Historical Newspapers online, courtesy of the Colorado Springs Pioneers Museum.
27. Cashin, First Lady of the Confederacy, 288; Hardin, After the War, 18.
28. LaCavera, Varina Anne “Winnie” Davis, 31.
29. Klotter, Human Tradition in the New South, 8.
30. Varina Howell Davis, quoted in Klotter, Human Tradition, 9.
31. Davis, Veiled Doctor, 62.
32. Davis, Romance of Summer Seas, 4.
33. Davis, Romance of Summer Seas, 3.
34. Williamson, Rage for Order, 18.
35. Zimmerman, Love Fiercely, 153.
36. Fox, Five Sisters, 58.
37. Fox, Five Sisters, 60.
38. Zimmerman, Love Fiercely, 153.
39. Zheutling, Around the World on Two Wheels, 28.
40. Susan B. Anthony, quoted in Zheutling, Around the World on Two Wheels, 27.
41. Morris, Pulitzer, 338.
42. Varina Anne Davis, Will, February 11, 1898, Jefferson Davis Papers, LC.
43. Ross, First Lady of the South, 391.
44. Morris, Pulitzer, 344.
18. THE LAST CASUALTY OF THE LOST CAUSE
1. Letter from Varina Howell Davis to Constance Cary Harrison, September 7, 1898, Harrison Family Papers, 1744–1930, accession no. 2536, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library.
2. Letter from Varina Howell Davis to Constance Cary Harrison, September 7, 1898.
3. Richmond Dispatch, September 20, 1898; Ross, First Lady of the South, 392.
4. Ross, First Lady of the South, 392.
5. Latimer, Narragansett-by-the-Sea, 55.
6. Latimer, Narragansett-by-the-Sea, 59.
7. Latimer, Narragansett-by-the-Sea, 51.
8. www.southcountymuseum.org/wth_Prominent_Visitors.html.
9. Letter from Varina Davis to Maj. W. H. Morgan, August 1, 1898, Jefferson Davis Papers, LC.
10. Letter from Varina Howell Davis to Constance Cary Harrison, September 7, 1898.
11. www.southcountymuseum.org/wth_SocialLife.html.
12. Letter from Varina Howell Davis to Jefferson Hayes-Davis, September 8, 1898, Bertram Hayes-Davis Private Collection, Gulfport MS.
13. Letter from Varina Howell Davis to Constance Cary Harrison, September 7, 1898.
14
. Cashin, First Lady of the Confederacy, 290.
15. Letter from Varina Howell Davis to Constance Cary Harrison, September 7, 1898.
16. Varina Anne Davis, quoted in Ferrell, “Daughter of the Confederacy,” 84.
17. Strong, “Daughter of the Confederacy,” 234–39.
18. Richmond Dispatch, September 20, 1898.
19. Return of Death, Varina Anne Jefferson Davis, September 18, 1898.
20. Gray and Bradley, “Medical History of Jefferson Davis”; reprinted in Virginia Medical Monthly 94 (January 1967): 4.
21. Gray and Bradley, “Medical History of Jefferson Davis,” 3.
22. Resolution Letters, Telegrams, and Tributes to Varina Anne Davis, Jefferson Davis Family Papers, Eleanor S. Brockenbrough Archives; Cashin, First Lady of the Confederacy, 290.
23. Narragansett Times, September 23, 1898, Jefferson Davis Family Papers, Eleanor S. Brockenbrough Archives.
24. New York City Directory, 1898–99.
25. Martha M. Boltz, “New York Daughters of the Confederacy Honors 3 Davis Women,” Washington Times, May 31, 1997, B3.
26. Return of Death, Varina Anne Jefferson Davis, September 18, 1898.
27. Richmond Dispatch, September 19, 1898, 1B.
28. Monsees, “How the Daughter of the Confederacy Almost Became a Daughter of New York.”
19. DEATH AND THE MAIDEN
1. Funeral telegram, from Margaret Hayes-Davis to Varina Howell Davis, Jefferson Davis Collection, Jefferson Davis Family Papers, Eleanor Brockenbrough Archives.
2. Richmond Dispatch, September 23, 1898, Eleanor Brockenbrough Archives.
3. LaCavera, Varina Anne “Winnie” Davis, 33.
4. Boltz, “New York Daughters of the Confederacy Honors 3 Davis Women,” Washington Times, May 31, 1997, B3, Helen Walpole Brewer Library and Archives.
5. Ferrell, “Daughter of the Confederacy,” 72.
6. Bleser, “Marriage of Varina Howell Davis and Jefferson Davis,” 38–39.
7. LaCavera, Varina Anne “Winnie” Davis, 36; Richmond Dispatch, September 24, 1898, VHS.
8. Richmond Evening Leader, September 24, 1898, Hobson Family Papers, 1776–1974, sec. 17, VHS.
9. Richmond Dispatch, September 24, 1898.
10. Loughridge and Campbell, Women in Mourning Exhibition Catalog, 14–15.
11. Richmond Dispatch, September 24, 1898.
Winnie Davis Page 24