by Adam Winkler
Jehovah’s Witnesses, 268–72
Jenyns, Soame, 28–29
Jerome, William Travers, 226–27
Jetsons, The (TV show) 303–4
Jews, 211, 239–40
Jim Crow laws, xv, 63–64, 159, 257, 259–62, 264, 275, 276–78
John Hancock Mutual Life Insurance Co., 305
Johnson, Joseph P., 260–62
Johnson, Lyndon B., 327
Johnson, William, 53, 55–56, 61, 62
Joint Committee on Reconstruction, 114, 130, 131, 133–36, 144
joint-stock companies, 26, 380–81
Jones, Walter, Jr., 375
Jordan, Lynn, 290–92, 294, 295, 297, 299
J. P. Morgan & Co., 203–4, 227
judges, 59, 149–50, 239, 277, 292, 297, 308–9, 326, 343, 368–69, 382–89, 393
judicial activism, 277, 297, 308–9, 326, 368–69
judicial restraint, 308–9
Judiciary Act (1789), 42, 53, 58, 60, 63, 400
“Jump Jim Crow,” 159
juries, xvi, 23, 24, 121, 164, 172–73, 282, 283, 359, 369, 400
Justice Department, US, 162, 172
Kagan, Elena, 358–59, 361–62, 380
Kansas, 109, 223
Keller, Morton, 206
Kennedy, Anthony, 350, 356–57, 363–66, 363
Kennedy, John F., 296
Kent, James, 128
Kentucky, 221–22
Keppler, Joseph, 196–97, 196, 212
kerosene, in home illumination, 141
Kerry, John, 328
Key, Francis Scott, 59
Key, Philip Barton, 59–60, 60, 344
Kilberg, William, 344, 348
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 257, 349
King, Rufus, 5, 149
King & Spalding, 346
“king’s consent,” 48–49
kinsmen, 168
Kirland & Ellis, 346
knights, 168
Kraft Foods, 302
Ku Klux Klan, 265
labor unions, 219, 287, 289, 326, 329–33, 334, 359, 361, 363, 403
Lacombe, Emile Henry, 175, 177
laissez-faire capitalism, 88, 154, 360–61
Lake Charles American-Press, 250
Lamberth, Royce, 343
Landes, William, 350
land grants, 14–15, 18, 21, 78, 82, 106, 118–19, 123
Landon, Alf M., 330
Lansing Brewing Co., 223–26, 225, 335
Late Corporation of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints v. United States, The, 261
law:
Anglo-American, 24, 30, 46–47, 66–67
of assemblies, 19–20, 21, 22, 24
automobile safety, 285–86
bankruptcy, 88
British, 45–46, 62, 63, 66–67
by-, 49
case, 244
contract, 28, 45, 48, 49–50, 76, 78, 96–97, 146, 154, 155, 159, 181, 182–83, 184, 187–88, 221–22, 246, 261, 275–76, 353, 369, 388, 400
corporate, xxii, 28–29, 46–47, 50–52, 87, 163, 168–69, 170, 184–85, 189, 193–94, 207, 209–10, 244–45, 248, 261, 271–72, 382–89
criminal, 51, 164, 176–77, 179
due process of, xvi
environmental, 49, 280, 389–94
federal, 149–53, 178–79, 238, 261, 276, 280, 298, 379–80, 392–94, 403
health, xvi–xvii, 126–27, 378–82, 387
insurance, 209–10
Jim Crow, xv, 63–64, 159, 257, 259–62, 264, 275, 276–78
labor, 49, 99, 153–54, 158
landmark cases in, 120, 181–82, 263–64, 323
local and municipal, 240, 241–42, 292–93, 389–94
loopholes in, 306–7, 329, 351
martial, 16
“of the land,” 63
political impact of, 232
precedent in, 76, 138, 146, 156, 157, 181–82, 241–42, 244, 266–67, 337, 357, 369, 371, 392
public nuisance, 241–42
repugnancy principle in, 63, 82
Roman, 44–45, 49, 184, 399
social change and, xvii
state, 53–54, 61, 97–103, 115, 118–19, 131–32, 148, 150, 176–77, 179, 180–81, 209, 220–21, 223, 238, 240, 241–44, 275–76, 290–300, 360, 392
workplace, 49
zoning, 158
law and economics movement, 352–53, 366
law reviews, 294–95, 299, 385–86
law schools, 120, 134–36, 150, 176, 294–95, 299, 341, 385–86
lawsuits, 262–64, 277, 291, 292, 298–300, 306, 320, 322, 324–25, 350, 375, 388, 390, 391–94, 400–401
lawyer’s fees, 122, 346
Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., 350
Lee, Rex, 345, 346
legal profession, 35, 53, 71, 113–14, 121, 135, 142–43, 161–63, 164, 193–94, 242, 264, 290, 292, 295, 297–98, 299, 343–48
legal services advertising, 292, 295, 296, 297–98, 299
legislative branch, 21, 88–89
legislatures, state, 21, 77–78, 82, 83–84, 87, 88–89, 92, 100, 104, 123–25, 129, 160, 163, 221–22, 226, 237, 243, 276, 338–40
Leland Stanford Junior University, 140
Letter from Birmingham Jail (King), 257
“letters of marque and reprisal,” 7
libel, 250, 255
liberalism, xviii–xix, 250–55, 273, 281, 282, 296–97, 298, 308–9, 314, 325, 326–27, 336, 337, 347, 348–50, 355–58, 379, 380
libertarianism, 140, 240, 302, 336–37, 341, 351, 356, 357, 358
liberty and personal rights, xx, 5, 19–21, 24, 28, 31, 47–48, 62, 92, 184, 187–90, 192, 213–14, 231, 252–53, 256, 274–75, 360
Liberty Bell, 24
liberty of contract, 154, 155, 159, 181, 182–83, 187–88, 221–22, 246
licorice, 166–67, 175
Liebling, A. J., 255
life insurance, 183–84, 185, 191–96, 202–7, 208, 211–12, 226–27, 265–67
see also specific companies
Lincoln, Abraham, 47, 127, 149, 223
liquidity, 38–39
liquor industry, 223–26, 299–300
listeners’ rights, 282, 294–300, 317–23, 335–36, 360, 364–68, 402
literacy rates, 118, 167
literacy tests, 159, 260
litter laws, 292–93
“Little Rock Nine,” 272
livestock, 156
Lloyd, Henry Demarest, 171–72, 280
loans, 26–27, 39, 40, 78, 93
local government, 238, 240, 241–42, 292–93, 389–94
Lochner v. New York, xix–xx, 154, 155, 157, 158, 165, 180–85, 182, 189, 190, 192, 222, 226, 228, 231, 234, 248, 251, 259, 272, 319, 387–88, 393, 401
Long, Huey “Kingfish,” xxiii, 234–36, 235, 242–55, 259, 264, 293, 319–20, 365, 392
Long’s Tavern, 57–58, 59, 79
“Loose Lips Sink Ships,” 300
Louisiana, 124, 125, 126–28, 160, 234–36, 237, 242–55, 256, 263, 293, 310, 319–20, 360, 365, 393
Louisiana Act No. 23, 237
Louis K. Liggett Company v. Lee, 214
Louisville, Cincinnati & Charleston Railroad Company v. Letson, 107
Loving v. Virginia, 64
Loyalists, 38, 59
Luna y Arellano, Tristan de, 11
Lux Radio Theatre, 330
lynchings, 260–61
MacAndrews & Forbes Licorice Co., 161–62, 166–67, 170–76, 179, 180, 183, 185, 187–88, 189, 226
MacArthur, Douglas, 367
“machine politics,” 197–98, 234–36, 243–44
Madison, James, 3, 4, 69
Madison Square Park, xii
Magna Carta, 8, 160, 330
majority rule, xviii, 207
malpractice, legal, 143
malt liquor, 223
managerial capitalism, 122–23
Manhattan Institute, 302
Mansfield, Lord, 28
Manship, Charles, 235–36, 237, 244, 249, 253, 256<
br />
manufacturing, xv, 92, 178, 245–48
Marbury v. Madison, 62–63
Mark, Greg, 145
market ideology, xix, 87, 88, 140, 163, 170–71, 251, 252–55, 281, 286, 288, 300, 301, 302, 316, 321, 352–53, 360–61, 383–84
“marketplace of ideas,” 240, 251, 252–55, 287–88, 302, 336
Mark Twain Company of New York, 155
Marlboro cigarettes, 321
marriage contracts, 137
Marsh, Grace, 268–72
Marshall, Alexander, 103–4, 107
Marshall, John, xix, 42, 62–63, 64, 65–70, 65, 74–75, 82–88, 90, 94, 95–96, 101, 107, 108, 145, 256, 392, 393, 394, 400
Marshall, Thurgood, xxii, xxiii, 73, 74–75, 95–96, 108, 259, 262–64, 263, 313, 315, 316–17, 341
Marshall court, 74–75, 95–96, 108
Marshall v. Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company, 103–8, 105, 109, 197, 400
Marsh v. Alabama, 268–72, 402
Martin, Richard, 13
Maryland, 90, 106, 107, 124, 385
Mason, George, 4
Massachusetts, 28, 95–97, 109, 211, 305–23, 377
Massachusetts Bay Company, 5, 19–25, 20, 26, 31, 86, 127, 207, 270, 399
Massachusetts Supreme Court, 211, 307
Mayflower, 6, 16–17
McCain, John, 344
McConnell, Mitch, 336, 358–59
McConnell v. Federal Election Commission, 335–36, 356, 357, 358–59, 360, 361, 364, 368, 369, 371, 403
McCormick, Robert, 241–42, 249
McCulloch v. Maryland, 69, 90
McCurdy, Richard A., 206
McDonald’s restaurants, 386
McKenna, Joseph, 182
McKinley, William, 163, 198–202, 208–9, 320, 401
McLane, Louis, 93
McReynolds, James, 251, 252
Means, Gardiner, xviii, 205
Meat Inspection Act (1906), 177
Medtronic, Inc., 322–23, 347
membership lists, 272–75
merchants, 27, 28–29
Merck & Co., 372
Meredith, William, 28
Mexico, 7, 389
Meyer v. Nebraska, 184
Michigan, 224, 335, 353, 402
Michigan Supreme Court, 224, 402
Middle Ages, 168
middlemen, 27, 28–29
military draft, 238
militias, 260
Milledge, John, 41
Miller, Arthur, 350
Miller, Samuel, 113–14, 127–28, 132–34, 138, 147
“Mind Is a Terrible Thing to Waste, The,” 300
minimum wage, xv, 158, 180–81
mining, 45
Minneapolis, 241–42
Minneapolis & St. Louis Railway Company v. Beckwith, 155–56, 157
Minnesota, 241–42
“Minnesota Twins,” 297
“Minority Business Enterprises,” 276
minority set-aside programs, 276, 277–78
Mintz, Morton, 285–86
Miranda warnings, 176
Mississippi River, 126–27
Model T automobile, 245
Modern Corporation and Private Property, The, (Berle and Means), 205
monarchy, 43, 48–49, 78
money supply, 93
monopolies, 90, 95–97, 127, 163, 172, 196–97, 234–35, 280, 320
see also trusts
Monopoly (board game), 104
Monsanto Co., 320–21
Montana, 372–73, 375
Montgomery bus boycott (1955), 257
Moore, Michael, 327–28, 329
Moor’s Indian Charity School, 76
Mora Community Water Rights and Self-Governance Act (2013), 389–94
Mora County Commission, 389–94, 390
Morgan, J. P., 181, 191, 194, 203–4, 227
Mormon Church, 261
Morris, Gouverneur, 5
Morris, Robert, 5
Morrison, Alan, 289–300, 291, 305, 318, 322
Morse, Samuel F. B., 106, 107
mortgages, 118–19, 144
Mother Jones, 343
Move to Amend, 375
“Mr. Dooley,” 208
muckraking journalism, 171–72, 177, 280, 285
murder, 137–38
mutual funds, 384–88
Mutual Life Insurance Co., 205
NAACP Legal Defense Fund, 262
NAACP v. Alabama ex rel. Patterson, 256–57, 262–64, 265, 272–75, 273, 333, 374, 402
NAACP v. Button, 274
Nader, Nathra, 289
Nader, Ralph, xxiii, 280, 281, 282, 283, 285–86, 287, 289–300, 301, 302, 304, 305, 308, 318, 321, 322, 365, 402
Nader’s Raiders, 286, 289–95, 302
Nation, 207
Nation, Carrie, 223
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), xxi, 135, 256–57, 262–64, 265, 272–75, 315, 332, 333, 341, 365, 386, 392
National Chamber Foundation, 303–4
National Chamber Litigation Center (NCLC), 322, 323
National Environmental Policy Act (1970), 280
National Football League (NFL), 296
National Guard, US, 272
nationalism, 43
National Labor Relations Act (1935), 330
Native Americans, xvii, 10, 13, 18, 22, 77, 131, 276
Navy, US, 268
Nazi Germany, 232–33, 249, 253
Neagle, David, 137–38
Near, Jay M., 241–42
Near v. Minnesota, 241–42, 244
neoclassical economics, 352
Netherlands, 26
Newburgh and New York Railway Co., 152
New Deal, xx, 251, 265, 308, 393
New England Council, 310
New England Policy-Holders Committee, 211
New Hampshire, 76, 77, 78–79, 80, 82, 83–86, 88, 124, 184
New Hampshire Superior Court, 78–79
New Jersey, 24, 124, 125, 168–69, 170, 184–85, 189, 207, 382–83
New Mexico, 375, 389–94, 390
New Mexico Constitution, 391
Newmyer, R. Kent, 87
New Orleans, 126–28, 129, 131–32
New Orleans States, 236
New Orleans Times-Picayune, 234–35, 236
New Right, 281
newspapers, xix, 234, 241–55, 256, 263, 264, 293, 310, 319–20, 360, 365, 392, 393, 402
see also specific newspapers
Newsweek, 280, 289
New World, 6–10, 161
New York, N.Y., xii, 56–57, 129, 161, 166, 175, 191–201, 203, 207, 210, 292–93, 372–75
New York City Bar Association, 233
New York City Hall, 191–92
New York City Police Department, 374
New York Custom House, 129
New-York Daily Tribune, 118–19, 118, 120
New Yorker, The, 255
New York Herald, 208
New York Life Insurance Co., 191–96, 202, 203, 204, 208–9, 226–27
New York State, 24, 161, 169–70, 180–81, 209–10, 227
New York State Assembly, 233
New York State Bar Association, 169–70
New York State Court of Appeals, 227
New York State Legislature, 193, 209–10
New York Stock Exchange, 56, 106
New York Times, xxi, 176, 185, 188–89, 205, 247, 255, 265, 299
New York Times Company, xxi, 255
New York Times Magazine, 247
New York World, 194–95
Nicoll, DeLancey, 161–65, 162, 173–81, 185, 188, 203, 262
Nicoll, Richard, 161
“Ninth Circuit Law,” 153–54
Nixon, E. D., 257
Nixon, Richard M., 255, 277, 278, 281, 283, 296–97, 314, 316, 333–34
North, Frederick (Lord North), 27
North Carolina, 124, 125, 167
Northern Securities Co., 172
Northwestern National Life Insurance Company v. Riggs, 183�
��84, 185, 192
NYNEX, 305
oaths, 51, 131, 165
Obama, Barack, xvi, 325, 344, 359, 360, 370–72, 378
Obamacare, 378–82
Obergefell v. Hodges, xxiv, 231
Occupy Wall Street, xvi, 374–75, 394
O’Connor, Sandra Day, 336, 337, 349–50
“Octopus,” 111, 114, 119
Ohio, 124, 125, 167, 168, 198
Ohio River, 103–4
oil industry, 167, 168, 171–72, 234–35, 244, 275–76, 308, 389–94
Old South Meeting House, 30
Olin, John M., 302
Olivas, John, 389–94
Oliver, Andrew, 29
Olson, Theodore “Ted,” xxii–xxiii, 324–26, 335, 338–40, 343–44, 346–62, 370, 382
Olympics (1936), 253
opium, 27
ordinances, 389–94
Oregon, 124, 375
organized crime, 257
Orwell, George, 286
“other people’s money” corruption, 205–6, 212, 215–17, 315–16
Otto, William Tod, 149
out-of-state citizens, 97–103, 257–58, 265–67
Oxford University, 45
Pacific Legal Foundation, 310
Panama, 9
panic of 1837, 100
panic of 1893, 198
pardons, 20
Paris Commune, 146
Parish, Ashley, 346
Parker, Alton, 202–3, 209
Parks, Rosa, 257
Parliament, British, 15, 22–23, 25, 27–28, 29, 30–31, 43, 62, 63, 85–86, 87, 88
“partisan realignment,” 326–27
partnerships, 44–45, 49, 78, 178, 179–80, 181, 380–81
Paspahegh Indians, 10
pasteurization, 223
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (2010), 378–82
Patterson, Albert, 257
Patterson, John, 257–59, 258, 264, 265, 272
Patterson v. Colorado, 239
Paul v. Virginia, 145–46
Peabody Energy, 347
Peckham, Rufus Wheeler, Jr., 181–82, 182
Pecos Wilderness, 389
Pembina Consolidated Silver Mining Company v. Pennsylvania, 155, 401
Pendleton Act (1883), 197–98
Pennsylvania, 24, 53, 92–93, 99–100, 155, 172
Pennsylvania, University of, Law School of, 318
pensions, 206, 384–88
Pentagon Papers, The, 255
People’s Pleasure Park Co., 260–62, 275, 276
People v. Gansley, 224
per capita income, 349
perjury, 203
Perkins, George W., 191–96, 193, 202–4, 206, 208, 209, 217, 219, 226–28, 286
Personal Liberty League, 224
Peru, 7
Petroleum Marketers Association of America, 347
Phelps, Esmond, 248, 249
Philadelphia, 52
Philip Morris, 36, 279–83, 287–89, 321, 347
Phillips, Carter, 322
Phillips Petroleum, 333