Disasters at Sea
Page 19
manatees, 180–181
Manila, Philippines, 14, 15
Manning, the, 148
man-o’-war, 10, 115
Marden, Luis, 99
Maríagalante, the, 137
Marinesko, Alexander, 127
Marine Two, 165
Marinmuseum, 45
Marx, Robert F., 136
Mary Celeste, the, 10, 142–143
Mary I, queen of England, 108
Mary Rose, the, 106–107, 183
Mason, Captain J. C., 158
Massachusetts Bay Colony, 176
mast, 21
bonaventure mizzen, 21
foremast, 21
mainmast, 21, 28, 134
mizzenmast, 21, 134
Mastell, John R., 53
Mather, Cotton, 177
Mauritania, the, 71
Maxcy, Virgil, 156
Maynard, Robert, 94–95
McLellan, Charles B., 148–149
McVay, Charles Butler, 129
Mediterranean Sea, 118
Medusa, the, 10, 46, 47
Megantic, the, 120
Melbourne, Australia, 28, 144–145
Mel Fisher Maritime Museum, 17
Melville, Herman, 22, 23
Memphis, Tennessee, 158
mermaids, 180–181
Merrimack, USS, 25. See also CSS Virginia
Merriman suit, 49
Mersey Iron Works, 156
Metropolis, SS, 48–49
Miami, Florida, 151
Michigan City, Indiana, 50
Middle Passage, 92
Mississippi River, 158–159
Moby Dick, 22, 23
Molinar, Moe, 91
Mongols, 174–175
Monitor, USS, 24–27, 157
Monongahela, the, 140–141
Mont-Blanc, SS, 78–79
Montrose, SS, 121
Moore, David, 91
Morgan, J. P., 71
Morison, Samuel Eliot, 136
Morning Reef, Australia, 88
Morro Castle, 21
Morse code, 27
mortar, 34
Mount Ararat, Turkey, 168–169
Murdoch, First Officer William, 72
N
Nantucket Island, 80
Nantucket, Massachusetts, 22, 80
Nantucket sleighride, 22
nao, 115, 134
National Geographic, 31
National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 61, 75
National Register of Historic Places, 165
navigation, 135
Navratil, Michel and Edmond, 73
Nazism, 126
“Nearer My God to Thee,” 182
Nelson, Horatio, 112–113
Nemiña, Spain, 59
New Bedford, Massachusetts, 140
Newfoundland, Canada, 26
Newfoundland dog, 49
New Ground Reef, Florida, 91
New Haven Colony, 176–177
New Orleans, Louisiana, 158
Newport News, Virginia, 115
New South Wales, Australia, 144
New Spain, 14, 15, 20
New Testament, 170
New World, 14, 16, 18, 19, 21, 108–109, 111, 134–137, 151
New York City Fire Department (FDNY), 165
New York Harbor, 100, 116
New York, New York, 67, 70, 73, 80, 149, 162–163, 165
Lower Manhattan, 162
New York Times, 143
Nickerson, Thomas, 22
Nimitz, Chester, 124
Niña, the, 134–137
Nineveh, 169
NOAA. See National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration
Noah’s Ark, 168–169
Nordenson, Captain Harry, 80, 83
Norfolk, HMS, 123
Norfolk, Virginia, 148, 151
Normandie, SS, 165
North Atlantic shipping lanes, 116
North Brother Island, 163
North Carolina, 48
Northern royal albatross, 181
North Star, 135
Northwest Passage, 34, 38
Norwegian Spirit, MV, 165
Nuestra Señora de Atocha, the. See Atocha, 16
Nuestra Señora del Rosario, the, 16
Nuijen, Wijnand, 43
Nunca Mais, 59
Nuu-chah-nulth, 100
O
ocean liner, 26, 70, 76, 80–83
Oceanside, California, 139
Ocracoke Inlet, North Carolina, 95
octopus, 30
Office of Naval Research (ONR), 75
oil spill, 58–59, 60–61, 81
cleanup, 59, 61
damage to wildlife, 59, 60
Galicia, 58
Gulf of Mexico, 61
oil tanker, 26, 58–59, 60–61, 81, 84, 96
Okinawa, Japan, 128
Old Testament, 168–169
Olympic, RMS, 81, 118–120
Omar, Sayed, 63
Operation Rheinübung, 122
Oregon (gun), 156
Orient, the, 112–113
otter, 60
Ouidah, West Africa, 93
Outer Banks, North Carolina, 26, 48, 182
horses of, 26
Ovando, Nicolás de, 136
P
Pacific Fleet, 124
Pacific Fur Company, 100
Pacific Ocean, 14, 22
paddlewheel, 163
Palos, Spain, 134
Panama Canal, 38, 124
Pandora, HMS, 99
Paris Salon of 1819, 46
Parker, G. C., 142
Peacemaker (gun), 156
Pearl, Captain James, 67
Pearl Harbor, 124–125, 128
Peberrenden, 172
Pelsaert, François, 88–89
Peterson, Friedrich, 127
phantom ship of New Haven, 176–177
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 32, 48
Philip II, king of Spain, 14, 108
Philip V, king of Spain, 18, 21
Philippines, 14
trade with, 15
Philippine Supreme Court, 85
Pinta, the, 134–137
piracy, 89
twenty-first century, 96
pirate, 16, 20, 26, 92–93, 94–95, 96–97
Somali, 96
Pirates of the Caribbean, 179
Pitcairn Island, South Pacific, 98–99
Plymouth, England, 110
Point Reyes, United States, 14
polyethylene glycol, 45, 106
porcelain, 14, 18, 66, 67
Portland, England, 110
Port Royal, Jamaica, 90
Portsmouth, England, 107
Potomac River, 156
Prestige, the, 58–59, 60
Prince, Lawrence, 92
Prince of Wales, the, 122
Princess May, the, 53
Princess Sophia, the, 52, 53
Princeton, USS, 156–157
Prince William Sound, 61
Prinz Eugen, the, 122
prisoner-of-war camp, 158
privateering, 15, 20, 108–109
privateers, 97
propeller, 71
proton magnetometer, 17
Publius, 171
Punch magazine, 116
Puritans, 176
Pyle, Howard, 96
Q
Quebec City, Quebec, 76
Queen Anne’s Revenge, the, 94–95
Queenstown, Ireland, 70. See Cobh, Ireland
Quinnipiac River, 177
R
race ships, 109
Raft of the Medusa, The, 46
raking fire, 115
Ramsey, George, 101
Rebecca Sims, the, 140–141
Red Sea, 62, 63, 74
Rescue, the, 148
Restless M, the, 67
Rhone, HMS, 11, 30–31
Ridderschap, the, 10
“Rime of the Ancient Mariner,” 164
Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil, 148–149, 151
Robin Hood of the Seas. See Bellamy, Samuel “Black Sam”
Rochelois Reef, Haiti, 142
Rockaway Beach, New York, 102–103
Rodney, 123
Rome, Italy, 170–171
Roosevelt, Theodore, president of The United States, 160
Rosetta Stone, 113
Roskilde, Denmark, 172
Roskilde Fjord, 172
Rostron, Captain Arthur Henry, 73
Rotterdam, the Netherlands, 164
Royal Mail Ship, 120
Royal Mail Steamer, 77
Royal Mail Steam Packet Company, 30
Royal Navy, 30, 68, 70, 94–95, 98–99, 120–121
Russian Secret Service, 55
Rust, Claude, 162
Ryder, Albert Pinkham, 179
S
S-13, 126–127
Safaga, Egypt, 62
Sahara Desert, 57
Salem Express, the, 63
Salem Witch Trials, 177
Salmond, Captain Robert, 68–69
Salt Island, British Virgin Islands, 30, 31
salvage operations, 20
Salvation Army, 77
samurai, 174–175
San Agustin, the, 14–15
San Ciriaco hurricane (1899), 26
San Diego, California, 138
San Francisco Bay, 15
San Francisco, California, 14, 32, 128
San Juan de Sicilia, the, 111
San Juan, the, 137
Sans-Culotte, the, 113
Santa Agueda, the, 138
Santa Margarita, the, 16
Santa Maria de la Immaculada Concepción, the. See Santa Maria
Santa Maria, the, 10, 134–137
Santiago de Palos, the, 137
Santo Domingo, Hispaniola, 136
Santo Tomás, the, 138
Sawyer, Claude, 145
Schmaltz, Julien-Désiré, 47
schooner, 26, 69
Schouman, Martinus, 155
Schwieger, Walther Captain, 116
scuba, 74–75
Seabury, Jason, 140
Sea Dogs. See Drake, Sir Francis; See Hawkins, John
seal, 60
sealing, 29
sea lion, 29
Seaman’s Act of 1915, 50
Sea of Cortés. See Gulf of California
sea serpent, 140–141, 180
Sebbe Als, the, 173
Sentinenal Island, Alaska, 53
September 11, 165
Seton, Lieutenant-Colonel Alexander, 68–69
shackles, 90, 91
Shackleton, Ernest, 36–37
shark, 84
Sheffield, HMS, 130
Shinto, 175
shoguns, 174–175
Siege of Antwerp, 110
signal lantern, 27
silk, 14
silver, 18, 19
silver bullion, 16
Simon’s Town, South Africa, 68
Sinking of the Titanic and Great Sea Disasters, The, 11
Sirius Star, the, 96
Six Fathom Shoals, 41
Skagway, Alaska, United States, 52
Skuldelev, Denmark, 172
Skuldelev ships, 172–173
slave, 90–91
slave ship, 90–91, 92
sloop, 115
small-boat navigation, 37
Smith, Captain Edward J., 71
Smithsonian American Art Museum, 179
smokestack, 76
snakeheads, 102
Solent, 107
Southampton, England, 70
South China Sea, 66, 67
Southern Ocean, 37
South Georgia Island, 37
Southsea Castle, 107
Spanish-American War, 160, 161
Spanish Armada, 108–111
Spanish Armada off the English Coast, 111
Spanish Empire, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 21
Spanish-Portuguese fleet, 109
sperm whale, 22, 23
St. Ann’s Bay, Jamaica, 137
steamship, 48, 144
side-wheel, 158, 162
Stella Maris, the, 78
St. Elmo’s Fire, 180
St. Louis, Missouri, 158
St. Luke the Evangelist. See Luke
St. Mark’s Evangelical Lutheran Church, 162
Stockholm, MS, 80–83
Stockholm, Sweden, 44, 45, 54, 55
Stockton, Captain Robert F., 156, 157
Storstad, the, 76
St. Paul, 170–171
St. Paul’s Bay, Malta, 171
St. Peter’s Basilica, 171
St. Petersburg, Russia, 58
Strait of Anián, 138
St. Thomas island, 18, 30
Stuyvesant, M. S., 32
submarine, 75, 129
submersible, 75
Sultana, SS, 92, 158–159
supernatural, 180
surface-supplied diving helmet, 74
Swedish navy, 45
Swiftsure, the, 112
T
Tablas Strait, 84
Table Bay, South Africa, 179
Taíno, 135, 136
Tallinn, Estonia, 54, 55
Tauko, Captain Io, 66
Teach, Edward. See Blackbeard
Teer, James, 29
Tek Sing, the, 66–67
Terror, HMS, 10, 34–35
Texas, USS, 160
Texel, the Netherlands, 88
Thatch, Edward. See Blackbeard
Thatcher, Margaret, 131
Third Reich, 122, 126
Thirty Years’ War, 44
Thorne, Jonathan, 100
tidal wave, 32
Tilbury, England, 109
Tinian, 128
Tirpitz, the, 122
Titanic, RMS, 10, 30, 50, 57, 70–73, 75, 81, 82, 118–120
tobacco, 16
Tobermory Bay, Isle of Mull, Scotland, 111
Tobermory Galleon, 111
Tokimune, Hojo, 174–175
Tompkins Square Park, 162
Tonquin, SS, 100–101
Topsail Inlet, North Carolina. See Beaufort Inlet, North Carolina
Torah, 169
Toronto Fire Services, 164
Tortola, 31
treasure, 14, 16, 18, 20, 97
Treasure Coast, Florida, 20
treasure fleet, 16, 21
treasure fleet of 1702, 19
treasure fleet of 1715, 16, 18–21
treasure hunting, 67
Triangular Trade, 93
Trinidad, the, 138–139
troopship, 68
Tropic Bird, the, 151
tsunami, 33, 79
Tubantia, SS, 146–147
Tudors, 106–107
tugboat, 164
Turner, William Thomas, 116
Tyler, John, president of the United States, 157
Tyler, Julia Gardiner, 157
Tyler, USS, 159
U
U-20, 116–117
U-80, 120
UB-13, 147
Ubilla, Juan Esteban de, 18
U-boat, 78, 116–117, 120–121, 123, 147
Ulloa, Francisco de, 138–139
Underwater Archaeological Preserve, 20
Union soldier, 158
Upshur, Abel P., 156, 157
Urca de Lima, the, 20
U.S. Coast Guard, 83, 148, 151
U.S. Congress, 49
U.S. Food Administration, 147
U.S. Naval Academy, 161
U.S. Navy, 24, 27, 32, 151
U.S. Park Service, 125
V
Vanderbilt Reef, Alaska, 52
Van Schaick, Captain William, 162
van Wieringen, Cornelis Claesz, 111
Vasa Museum, 44, 45
Vasa, the, 10, 44–45, 107, 183
Vector, the, 84
Vestal, the, 124
Vicksburg, Mississippi, 158
vicoro, 15
Victoria Strait, 34
Vigo Bay, Spain, 19
Viking longship, 172
Vikings, 96, 172
Viking Ship Museum, 172
Virgalona, the, 91
Virginia, CSS, 24, 25, 115
Virgin Islands, 31
Vizcaína, the, 137
Vulcan, the. See HMS Birkenhead
W
Wagner, Kip, 20
Wagner, Richard, 179
waratah shrub, 144
Waratah, SS, 144–145
War of Spanish Succession, 18, 19, 95
warship, 24, 44, 106–107, 114–115, 173
first-rate, 114
monitor, 24
side-paddle, 32
third-rate, 114
Washington, D.C., 161
Washington Navy Yard, 27
Wateree, USS, 32–33, 183
Way of the Warrior. See bushido
weather gage, 115
Wellfleet, Massachusetts, 93
West Africa, 47, 57
West Coast, Africa, 56
West Coast, United States, 32
Western Electric, 50
West Indies, 20, 30
West Wallaby Island, Australia, 89
whale, 31, 60
whaleback, 152–153
whaleboat, 140
whaleship, 22–23, 140–141
whaling, 22–23, 140
Whitefish Bay, 40
White Star Line, 70–73, 118
Whydah, the, 92, 92–93
widow’s walk, 182
Wilhelm Gustloff, MV, 10, 126–127
William Lyon MacKenzie, the, 164
Williams, Palgrave, 92
Willmette, USS, 51
Witch of November, 41
Wooley, Captain Robert F., 30, 31
Worden, John Lorimer, 25
World Trade Center, 165
World War I, 24, 79, 118, 124, 146, 151
World War II, 124–126, 128, 144
Wormell, W. B., 148–149
wreck diving, 16, 20, 26, 31, 45, 74–75
“Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald, The,” 41
Wreford-Brown, Chris, 130
X
Xhosa wars, 68
Xora River, 144
Y
yellow journalism, 161
Yom Kippur, 171
York, Pennsylvania, 103
Yuan Dynasty, 174
Yukon Territory, 52
Z
Zahn, Commander Wilhelm, 127
Zietlow, Earl, 152
Ziguinchor, Senegal, 56, 57
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AND CREDITS
Many thanks to my husband, Chris Carroll, who contributed to many sections of the book.
I would also like to thank Sophia, Lucinda, and Marea Carroll for their patience, assistance, and forbearance.
CREDITS
ABBREVIATIONS USED
iSP = iStockphotos.com; JI = JupiterImages; LoC = Library of Congress; NARA = National Archives and Records Administration; NASA = National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NOAA = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; PD = Public Domain; SS = Shutterstock; USCG = U.S. Coast Guard; USN = U.S. Naval Historical Center; Wi = Wikimedia
l = left; r = right; t = top; b = bottom; m = middle
6 PD/John Willima Waterhouse 10tl PD/Ludolf Backhuysen 10br LoC 11tr NOAA 11bl NOAA 12–13 PD/Hendrik Kobell 14tr Wi/PD 14bl SS/Steffen Foerster Photography 15tl Wi/Myriam Thyes 15tr JI 15br Wi/PD 16bl PD/Willem van de Velde the Younger 16mr SS/scol22 17tl SS/Jack Weichen 17bl Wi/Marc Averette 17br NOAA 18tr JI 18 inset JI 19tr Wi/PD 20 PD 21ml Wi/PD 21m Wi/PD 21tr SS/Roxana Gonzalez 21br SS/1971yes 22 JI 23t JI 24mr NOAA 25tl LoC 25tr LoC 25br LoC 27tr NOAA 27br NOAA 28tr NOOA 29tr SS/Pichugin Dmitry 29bl NOOA 29br SS/Chris Gin 30bl NOAA 31tr NOAA 31bl Wi/Legis 32 JI 33tl USN 33br Wi/PD 34 NOAA 35bl JI 37tr NLOA 37bl NOAA 37br Wi/PD 38ml Wi/Caspar David Friedrich 38br NASA 40 Wi/PD 41mr SS/Michael Coddington 41br Wi/Annebethmi 42–43 PD/Wijnand Nuijen 44tl JI 44tr Flickr/Piero Sierra 45bl Wi/Peter Isotalo 45tr Wi/Henrik Sendelbach 45br Wi/Chris 73 46tl Wi/Théodore Géricault 46br Wi/PD 47br Wi/Pinpin 48ml SS/Keith Murphy 49tr LoC 49bl PD 50tr LoC 50b LoC 51mr LoC 51bl LoC 51br LoC 52 NOAA 53br LoC 54ml Wi/Stan Shebs 54br Wi/Kalle Id 55tr Wi/Tage Olsin 55mr Wi 56 AP/French Navy 57ml Wi/Rignese 57br Wi/Ji-Elle 58tr Wi/Luis Miguel Bugallo Sánchez 58bl AP 59tr Flickr/Colin Brace 59bl Wi/Mila Zinkova 60 NOAA 61tr NOAA 61bl Flickr/Jim Brickett 62 Wi/Amr Fayez 63tr Flickr/Nataraj Metz 64–65 PD/Carl Wilhelm Barth 66tl LoC 67 AP/Roland Weihrauch 68ml USN 69tr JI 69bl Wi/Dewet 70 JI 71tr JI 71br JI 72ml LoC 72bl LoC 73tm LoC 73tr LoC 73mr Wi/Looi 73bl NOAA 74tl SS/Stephan Kerkhofs 74bm Wi 75tl NOAA 75br USN 75bl SS/Khoroshunova Olga 76tr LoC 76bl Library and Archives Canada 77tr SS/Ronen 77br LoC 78l Wi/PD 79tr Wi/PD 79m LoC 79br Library and Archives Canada 80 USCG/Harry Ahysen 81tl USCG/Karen Smith 81br Wi/Agnolo Bronzino 82tl AP 83 AP/USCG 84 AP 85tr NOAA 85bl AP/Joseph Capellan 86–87 PD/Willem van der Velde the Younger 88tl Wi/PD 88br Wi/Roo72 89mr Wi/svdmolen 89br Wi/svdmolen 89bl Wi 90bl LoC 90br LoC 91mr Wi/Rémi Kaupp 92 Wi/PD 93tr Wi/Willem van de Velde the Younger 93br Barry L. Clifford 94 Wi/Jean Leon Gerome Ferris 95br Wi/PD 96l Wi/PD 96r Wi 97l Wi/PD 97mr SS/Margo Harrison 97br Wi/PD 98ml Wi/Pete Carney 98m PD 98br LoC 99tl Wi/PD 100l Wi/superbfc 101l Wi/cacophony 101tr SS/Thomas Barrat 101br JI 102 USCG/Mei Ki Kam 103br Wi/Archivaldo 104–105 PD/Abraham Beerstraaten 106t JI 106l NOAA 106r JI 107r Flickr/Ben Sutherland 108 Wi/PD 109tr Wi/PD 109b JI 110 Wi/PD 111l Wi/Cornelis Claesz. van Wieringen 111r LoC 112 Wi/Arnald George 113tl Wi/Jacques-Louis David 113br Wi/Luny Thomas 114 LoC 115 LoC 116t LoC 116r LoC 116bl JI 117tr LoC 117mr Wi/PD 118r NASA 118l LoC 119tr Wi/PD 119bl Wi/PD 120 LoC 121mr LoC 121br Wi/wildwords 123tr USN 123mr USN 123bl USN 124r NARA 124l NARA 125tr USN/Jayme Pastoric 125bl LoC 126tl Wi/PD 126bl JI 129tr USN 129bl USN 130 AP 131tr LoC 132–133 PD/J. M. W. Turner 134 LoC 135tr LoC 135m Wi/ragesoss 137t Flickr/Larry Wentzel 137b SS/Ramunas Bruzas 138 SS/Ricardo Manuel Silva de Sousa 139tl PD 139br SS/Brian Weed 140 LoC 141tr Wi/Olaus Magnus 141m PD 141b PD 142 Wi/PD 143tl iSP/Stanislav Pobytov 143bl Wi/PD 144tr SS/Gail Johnson 144bl SS/Ilya Genkin 145tl PD 146 Wi/PD 147mr PD 147b LoC 149l SS/Doug Lemke 149r PD 151tr USCG/PD 151bl LoC 152bl PD 153tr LoC 153br SS/Doug Lemke 153l PD 154–155 PD/Martinus Schouman 156tl LoC 157tr USN 157m LoC 157br LoC 158tr LoC 158bl LoC 159bl USN 160tr USN 160bl Wi/PD 161tr SS/Cynthia Farmer 161br LoC 161bl LoC 162br Wi/Erik Edson 162bl Wi/PD 163tr LoC 163bl Wi/Samuel Ward Stanton 164bl Wi/Joshua Sherurcij 164mr SS/Gaby Kooijman 164br SS/Gertjan Hooijer 165t Flickr/Vidiot 165m LoC 166–167 Pd/Ivan Aivazovsky 168tl Wi/Jacopo Bassano 169tr Wi/Gustave Doré 169bl PD 171bm SS/Massimo Merlini 171tr PD 172tl Wi/Christian Bickel 172bl Wi/Casiopeia 173br Wi/Steen Weile 173bm Flickr/Val Buzeta 174tr Wi/Anige 174ml Wi/PD 174bl Wi/PD 175tr Wi/PD 176tl LoC 177mr LoC 177br LoC 178 inset LoC 178br National Maritime Museum 179tr Photofest 179br Wi/Albert Pinkham Ryder 180 NOAA 181tr JI 181br U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 181l Wi/Frederic Leighton 182bl SS/bierchen 182tr SS/Chee-Onn Leong 183tl SS/Pinosub 183br SS/Rich Carey 183bl SS/Marek Slusarczyk