Beyond Valor

by Jon Erwin

  Blair, Bruce G. The Logic of Accidental Nuclear War. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1993.

  Burrell, Robert S. The Ghosts of Iwo Jima. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2011.

  Clanton, Raymond. Fire, Fear and Guts: The B-29 and Her Gallant Crewmen. Camp Verde, AZ: Ray/Jan Publishers, 2005.

  Cochran, Bert. Harry Truman and the Crisis Presidency. New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1973.

  Coffey, Thomas. Iron Eagle: The Turbulent Life of General Curtis LeMay. New York: Crown, 1986.

  DeGroot, Gerard. The Bomb: A Life. New York: Random House, 2011.

  Donovan, Robert J. Conflict and Crisis: The Presidency of Harry S. Truman, 1945–1948. New York: Norton, 1977.

  ———. Tumultuous Years: The Presidency of Harry S. Truman, 1949–1953. New York: Norton, 1982.

  Dorr, Robert F. Mission to Tokyo: The American Airmen Who Took the War to the Heart of Japan. St. Paul, MN: MBI, 2012.

  Dower, John W. Embracing Defeat: Japan in the Wake of World War II. New York: Norton, 1999.

  ———. War Without Mercy: Race and Power in the Pacific War. New York: Pantheon, 1986.

  Doyle, William. Inside the Oval Office: The White House Tapes from FDR to Clinton. New York: Kodansha, 1999.

  Edoin, Hoito. The Night Tokyo Burned. New York: St. Martin’s, 1987.

  Eimerl, Sarel, The American Heritage History of Flight. New York: Golden Press, 1964.

  Erwin, Henry E., Jr. When Courage Calls: The Red Erwin Story. iBooks, 2006.

  Fromkin, David. In the Time of the Americans: FDR, Truman, Eisenhower, Marshall, MacArthur—The Generation That Changed America’s Role in the World. New York: Vintage, 1995.

  Garthoff, Raymond. Reflections on the Cuban Missile Crisis. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2011.

  Gilbert, Bill. Air Power: Heroes and Heroism in American Flight Missions, 1916 to Today. New York: Citadel Press, 2004.

  Goodwin, Doris Kearns. No Ordinary Time: Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt: The Home Front in World War II. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994.

  Gurney, Gene. B-29 Superfortress: The Plane That Won the War. Morrisville, NC: Lulu Press, 2019.

  Hallas, James H. Uncommon Valor on Iwo Jima: The Stories of the Medal of Honor Recipients in the Marine Corps’ Bloodiest Battle of World War II. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2016.

  Hamby, Alonzo L. Man of the People: A Life of Harry S. Truman. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.

  Hanley, Fiske, II. Accused American War Criminal. Brattleboro, VT: Echo Point, 2016.

  Hastings, Max. Nemesis: The Battle for Japan, 1944–45. New York: Harper Perennial, 2008.

  ———. Retribution: The Battle for Japan, 1944–1945. New York: Knopf, 2008.

  Hechler, Ken. Working with Truman: A Personal Memoir of the White House Years. New York: Putnam, 1982.

  Heinrichs, Waldo H., and Marc S. Gallicchio. Implacable Foes: War in the Pacific, 1944–1945. New York: Oxford University Press, 2017.

  Herbert, Kevin. Maximum Effort: The B-29s Against Japan. Manhattan, KS: Sunflower University Press, 1983.

  Hopkins, William B. The Pacific War: The Strategy, Politics, and Players That Won the War. Beverly, MA: Voyageur, 2010.

  Hoxie, R. Gordon. Command Decision and the Presidency: A Study in National Security Policy and Organization. New York: Reader’s Digest Press, 1977.

  Hoyt, Edwin P. Inferno: The Firebombing of Japan, March 9–August 15, 1945. Lanham, MD: Madison Books, 2000.

  Kase, Toshikazu. Eclipse of the Rising Sun. London: Jonathan Cape, 1951.

  Kerr, E. Bartlett. Flames over Tokyo: The U.S. Army Air Forces’ Incendiary Campaign Against Japan, 1944–1945. New York: D. I. Fine, 1991.

  Kozak, Warren. LeMay: The Life and Wars of General Curtis LeMay. Washington, DC: Regnery, 2011.

  Land, Richard. The Divided States of America: What Liberals and Conservatives Get Wrong About Faith and Politics. Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 2011.

  LeMay, Curtis E. Mission with LeMay: My Story. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1965.

  ———, and Bill Yenne. Superfortress: The Story of the B-29 and American Air Power. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1988.

  Lettow, Paul Vorbeck. Ronald Reagan and His Quest to Abolish Nuclear Weapons. New York: Random House, 2006.

  Liefer, Gregory. Broken Wings: Aviation Disasters in Alaska. Anchorage, AK: Publication Consultants, 2014.

  Manchester, William. American Caesar: Douglas MacArthur, 1880–1964. New York: Little, Brown, 1978.

  McCullough, David. Truman. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992.

  Miller, Donald L. D-Days in the Pacific. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2008.

  Morrison, Wilbur. Birds from Hell: History of the B-29. Central Point, OR: Hellgate Press, 2001.

  ———. Hellbirds: The Story of the B-29s in Combat. New York: Duell, Sloane & Pearce, 1960.

  Neer, Robert M. Napalm: An American Biography. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2013.

  Newcomb, Richard F. Iwo Jima: The Dramatic Account of the Epic Battle That Turned the Tide of World War II. New York: Henry Holt, 1965.

  Phillips, Charles L., Jr. Rain of Fire: B-29s over Japan. Moreno Valley, CA: Nijuku Publishing, 1995.

  Pickett, Ernest, and K. P. Burke. Proof Through the Night: A B-29 Pilot Captive in Japan. Salem, OR: Opal Creek Press, 2004.

  Rhodes, Richard. Dark Sun: The Making of the Hydrogen Bomb. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995.

  Ross, Bill D. Iwo Jima: Legacy of Valor. New York: Vanguard Press, 1985.

  Rusk, Dean. As I Saw It. Edited by Daniel S. Papp. New York: Norton, 1990.

  Sagan, Scott D. The Limits of Safety: Organizations, Accidents, and Nuclear Weapons. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1993.

  Sherry, Michael S. The Rise of American Air Power: The Creation of Armageddon. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1987.

  Skinner, Kiron K., Annelise Anderson, and Martin Anderson. Reagan: A Life in Letters. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2004.

  Smith, Holland McTyeire, and Percy Finch. Coral and Brass. Morrisville, NC: Lulu Press, 2017.

  Spector, Ronald H. Eagle Against the Sun: The American War with Japan. New York: Vintage Books, 1985.

  Sullenberger, Chesley B., III. Sully: My Search for What Really Matters. New York: HarperCollins, 2016.

  Suzuki, Takeshi. The Rhetoric of Emperor Hirohito: Continuity and Rupture in Japan’s Dramas of Modernity. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2017.

  Thomas, Evan. Robert Kennedy: His Life. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2013.

  Tillman, Barrett. Whirlwind: The Air War Against Japan, 1942–1945. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2010.

  Toland, John. The Rising Sun: The Decline and Fall of the Japanese Empire, 1936–1945. New York: Random House, 2014.

  Truman, Harry S. Memoirs, Vol. 2: 1946–1952 Years of Trial and Hope. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1956.

  Werrell, Kenneth P. Blankets of Fire: U.S. Bombers over Japan During World War II. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1996.

  Wheeler, Keith, and the editors of Time-Life Books. Bombers over Japan. Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1982.

  White, Donald Wallace. The American Century: The Rise and Decline of the United States as a World Power. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1999.

  Willbanks, James H., ed. America’s Heroes: Medal of Honor Recipients from the Civil War to Afghanistan. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2011.

  Wölk, Herman S. Cataclysm: General Hap Arnold and the Defeat of Japan. Denton: University of North Texas Press, 2012.

  Articles, Programs, and Websites

  Associated Press. “Fifty Years Later, War Stress Ambushes WWII Vets.” Daily Courier (Yavapai County, AZ), August 1, 1995. https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=894&dat=19950801&id=kCYOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=lX0DAAAAIBAJ&pg=6953,97195&hl=en.

  Aviv, Uri, et al. “The Burning Issue of White Phosphorus: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.” Disaster and Military Medicine 3, no. 6, A
ugust 30, 2017. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5577774/.

  Bigelow, Robert O. “The Beginning of the End: The First Firebombing of Tokyo, 9–10 March 1945.” Virginia Aeronautical Historical Society. Virginia Eagles Newsletter, July 2007.

  “Book Profiles US Medal of Honor Winners.” Voice of America News, October 30, 2009. https://www.voanews.com/archive/book-profiles-us-medal-honor-winners-2003-11-11.

  Burgess, John. “The Night the War Came Home to Tokyo.” Washington Post, March 10, 1985. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1985/03/10/the-night-the-war-came-home-to-tokyo/ee04329b-4f79-449d-9803-a3fffbe5948b/.

  Coffey, Patrick. “A Reporter at Wit’s End: The Firebombing of Japan: ‘The New Yorker,’ and St. Clair McKelway.” Los Angeles Review of Books, September 3, 2015. https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/a-reporter-at-wits-end-the-firebombing-of-japan-the-new-yorker-and-st-clair-mckelway/#!46fr.

  Collier, Lorna. “Growth After Trauma: Why Are Some People More Resilient Than Others—and Can It Be Taught?” Monitor on Psychology, November 2016. https://www.apa.org/monitor/2016/11/growth-trauma.

  Collier, Peter. “American Honor.” Wall Street Journal, May 26, 2007. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB118014402282815483.

  Correll, John. “A Brave Man at the Right Time.” Air Force Magazine, May 4, 2008. https://www.airforcemag.com/article/0607erwin/.

  Corte, Gregory. “How Presidents Pray.” USA Today, February 4, 2016. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/theoval/2016/02/04/how-presidents-pray-prayer-breakfast-eisenhower-obama/79786384/.

  Dorr, Robert. “B-29s over Tokyo: The Firestorm That Helped End the War.” Warfare History Network, n.d. https://warfarehistorynetwork.com/2018/12/27/b-29s-over-tokyo-the-firestorm-that-helped-end-the-war/.

  ———. “Medal of Honor Recipient: Henry ‘Red’ Erwin.” WWII Quarterly, November 20, 2018. https://warfarehistorynetwork.com/daily/wwii/medal-of-honor-recipient-henry-red-erwin/.

  Eagles, Virginia. Virginia Aeronautical Historical Society Newsletter, July 2007.

  Erwin, Henry, Jr. Interview of Henry “Red” Erwin. Red Erwin Story Archives. July 31, 2012. YouTube video. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wtPc9_teMgY.

  Eschner, Kat. “Three Medical Breakthroughs That Can Be Traced Back to a Tragic Nightclub Fire.” Smithsonian, November 28, 2017. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/three-medical-breakthroughs-can-be-traced-back-tragic-cocoanut-grove-fire-180967323/.

  Ford, Corey. “Sergeant Erwin and the Blazing Bomb.” Reprinted “Stories in Uniform: A Look at the Heroics, Laughs, Sorrows, and Tragedies of Our Soldiers.” Reader’s Digest, 2013.

  “Foreign Relations: The Backdown.” Time, November 2, 1962.

  Frank, Jeffrey. “How FDR’s Death Changed the Vice-Presidency.” New Yorker, April 17, 2015.

  Frisbee, John. “Valor: Missions Accomplished.” Air Force Magazine, January 1, 1994. https://www.airforcemag.com/article/valor-missions-accomplished/.

  ———. “Valor: Red Erwin’s Personal Purgatory.” Air Force Magazine, October 1, 1989. https://www.airforcemag.com/article/valor-red-erwins-personal-purgatory/.

  Grossarth, Eric. “We Are East Idaho: Sugar City.” EastIdahoNews.com, April 29, 2019. https://www.eastidahonews.com/2019/04/we-are-east-idaho-sugar-city/.

  Guelzo, Allen C. “Emancipation and the Quest for Freedom.” National Park Service, n.d. https://www.nps.gov/articles/emancipation-and-the-quest-for-freedom.htm.

  Hand, Douglas. “Saving Burn Victims.” New York Times, September 15, 1985. https://www.nytimes.com/1985/09/15/magazine/saving-burn-victims.html.

  Hartropp, Joseph. “God and the Presidency: The Faith of Dwight D. Eisenhower.”

  Christianity Today, October 27, 2016. https://www.christiantoday.com/article/god.the.presidency.the.faith.of.dwight.d.eisenhower/99103.htm.

  “Henry ‘Red’ Erwin.” Medal of Honor Society. September 27, 2011. YouTube video. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tzx8BkSwwWk.

  Hills, Ben. “Tokyo’s Hell on Earth: The Night a City Died.” Sydney Morning Herald, March 4, 1995.

  Hollobon, Joan. “Burn Centre: Helping Body’s Largest Organ to Rebuild Infection Shield.” Globe and Mail, May 14, 1984.

  “Honor to LeMay by Japan Stirs Parliament Debate.” New York Times, December 8, 1964. https://www.nytimes.com/1964/12/08/archives/honor-to-lemay-by-japan-stirs-parliament-debate.html.

  Hopkins, William J. “Oral History Interview,” JFK #1, June 3, 1964. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. https://www.jfklibrary.org/asset-viewer/archives/JFKOH/Hopkins%2C%20William%20J/JFKOH-WIJH-01/JFKOH-WIJH-01.

  Hoyt, Austin, producer. American Experience: Victory in the Pacific. PBS, 2005.

  “Island Seemed Like a Beachhead on Hell,” Life, April 9, 1945.

  Japan Air Raids.org: A Bilingual Historical Archive. http://www.japanairraids.org.

  Katsumoto, Saotome, and Richard Sams. “Saotome Katsumoto and the Firebombing of Tokyo: Introducing the Great Tokyo Air Raid.” Asia-Pacific Journal 13, no. 1, March 9, 2015. https://apjjf.org/2015/13/9/Saotome-Katsumoto/4293.html.

  Katz, Judd A. “Red Erwin and the Medal of Honor.” Alabama Heritage 39, Winter 1996.

  Kearns, Randy D. “Blast Injuries and Burn Care.” EMS World, May 2013. https://www.emsworld.com/article/10913345/blast-injuries-and-burn-care.

  Kristof, Nicholas. “Tokyo Journal; Stoically, Japan Looks Back on the Flames of War.” New York Times, March 9, 1995. https://www.nytimes.com/1995/03/09/world/tokyo-journal-stoically-japan-looks-back-on-the-flames-of-war.html.

  Lincoln, Abraham. “Farewell Address.” From Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, 9 vols., edited by Roy P. Basler. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1953–55. https://www.nps.gov/liho/learn/historyculture/farewell.htm.

  Moody, Sid. “It Was the Bloodiest Battle of the Pacific During World War.” Associated Press, January 30, 1995.

  O’Neill, James H. “The True Story of the Patton Prayer.” Review of the News, October 6, 1971. http://pattonhq.com/prayer.html.

  Orkin, Ruth. “We Are the Living: Twelve Men in a Superfort.” Coronet, August 1948.

  Ortensie, R. Ray. “Flashback: The ‘Battle of Kansas’ and the Birth of the Superfortress.” Elgin Air Force News, August 14, 2018. https://www.eglin.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/1602130/flashback-battle-of-kansas-and-the-birth-of-the-superfortress/.

  Oshinsky, David. “The Strength of His Weakness.” New York Times, October 29, 1995. https://www.nytimes.com/1995/10/29/books/the-strength-of-his-weaknesses.html.

  Paganella, Nicholas. “Remembering Cushing Hospital, 70 Years Later.” Metro West Daily News (Framingham, MA), January 25, 2014. https://www.metrowestdailynews.com/article/20140125/OPINION/140127304.

  Parry, Richard Lloyd. “Tokyo Chooses to Forget the Night 100,000 Perished.” Times, March 11, 2005. https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/tokyo-chooses-to-forget-the-night-100000-perished-m2hjmfwqh0t.

  Phillips, Michael. “‘It’s a Lifelong Burden’: The Mixed Blessing of the Medal of Honor.” Wall Street Journal, May 24, 2019. https://www.wsj.com/articles/its-a-lifelong-burden-the-mixed-blessing-of-the-medal-of-honor-11558695600.

  Rich, John. “On the Deck of a Battleship, Men of Peace.” Christian Science Monitor, September 1, 1995. https://www.csmonitor.com/1995/0901/01091.html.

  Ringle, Ken. “The Uphill Battle.” Washington Post, February 19, 1995. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1995/02/19/the-uphill-battle/f5265c77-b6fc-42cd-b2e1-eea6ca4d4677/.

  Rothman, Lily. “Behind the World War II Fire Bombing Attack of Tokyo.” Time, March 9, 2015. https://time.com/3718981/tokyo-fire/.

  Safire, William. “Nixon on His Knees.” New York Times, March 29, 1976. https://www.nytimes.com/1976/03/29/archives/nixon-on-his-knees.html.

  Schogol, Jeff. “Dakota Meyer Explains Why He Hates His Medal of Honor.” Business Insider, March 29, 2019. https://www.businessinsider.com/dakota-meyer-explains-why-he-hates-his-medal-of-honor-2019-3.

  Schorr,
Daniel. “Reagan Recants: His Path from Armageddon to Détente.” Los Angeles Times, January 3, 1998. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-01-03-op-32475-story.html.

  Shahinian, Ed. Interview, December 5, 2003. Library of Congress. American Folklife Center. Veterans History Project. https://memory.loc.gov/diglib/vhp/story/loc.natlib.afc2001001.11156/transcript?ID=sr0001.

  Shalett, Sidney. “What Happens to a War Hero.” Saturday Evening Post, September 4, 1948.

  Shribman, David M. “Prayer and the Presidency.” Buffalo News, January 21, 1995. https://buffalonews.com/1995/01/21/prayer-and-the-presidency/.

  Stewart, William H. “Time Heals Everything—Almost.” Saipan Tribune, July 26, 2005. https://www.saipantribune.com/index.php/a41e8eba-1dfb-11e4-aedf-250bc8c9958e/.

  Strom, Sharon H. Hartman, and Linda P. Wood. “Women and World War II.” What Did You Do in the War, Grandma? An Oral History of Rhode Island Women During World War II, 1995. http://cds.library.brown.edu/projects/WWII_Women/WomenInWWII.html.

  Swopes, Bryan R. “Tag Archives: City of Los Angeles, 12 April 1945.” This Day in Aviation: Important Dates in Aviation History, 2018. https://www.thisdayinaviation.com/tag/city-of-los-angeles/.

  Tedeschi, Richard G., and Lawrence G. Calhoun. “The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory: Measuring the Positive Legacy of Trauma.” Journal of Traumatic Stress 9, no. 3 (July 1996): 455–71.

  Truman, Harry S. “A Prayer Said Over and Over All My Life from Eighteen Years Old and Younger.” Notes of August 15, 1950. Harry S. Truman Library and Museum. https://www.trumanlibrary.gov/node/404492.

  Tsai, Jack, et al. “Post-traumatic Growth Among Veterans in the USA: Results from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study.” Psychological Medicine 45, no. 1 (January 2015): 165–79. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25065450.

  Venditta, David. “Hellertown High Grad Flew on Tokyo Firebomb Raid.” Morning Call (Allentown, PA), March 7, 2015. https://www.mcall.com/news/local/bethlehem/mc-tokyo-firebombing-anniversary-manone-20150307-story.html.

  “Voices of the WW2 Veterans.” Air & Space Magazine, May 2015. https://www.airspacemag.com/articles/voices-of-veterans-180954673/.