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The Color of Compromise

Page 28

by Jemar Tisby


  41. Russell Moore, “Have Evangelicals Who Support Trump Lost Their Values?,” New York Times, September 17, 2015, https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/17/opinion/have-evangelicals-who-support-trump-lost-their-values.html.

  42. Sarah Pulliam Bailey, “Could Southern Baptist Russell Moore Lose His Job? Churches Threaten to Pull Funds after Months of Trump Controversy,” The Washington Post, March 13, 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/acts-of-faith/wp/2017/03/13/could-southern-baptist-leader-russell-moore-lose-his-job-churches-threaten-funding-after-months-of-trump-controversy/ ?utm_term=.cadf3cb73d80.

  43. Emma Green, “White Evangelicals Believe They Face More Discrimination Than Muslims,” The Atlantic, March 10, 2017, https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/03/perceptions-discrimination-muslims-christians/519135/.

  44. Campbell Robertson, “A Quiet Exodus: Why Black Worshipers Are Leaving White Evangelical Churches,” New York Times, March 9, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/09/us/blacks-evangelical-churches.html.

  45. See Jemar Tisby, “Why a Racially Insensitive Photo of Southern Baptist Seminary Professors Matters,” Washington Post, April 27, 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/acts-of-faith/wp/2017/04/27/why-a-racially-insensitive-photo-of-southern-baptist-seminary-professors-matters/?utm _term=.2c4a097dfd4c.

  46. “OC Recommends: Refer Civil Rights Resolution to 44th Assembly,” By Faith, June 10, 2015, http://byfaithonline.com/oc-recommends-refer-civil-rights-resolution-to-44th-assembly-2/.

  47. Emma Green, “A Resolution Condemning White Supremacy Causes Chaos at the Southern Baptist Convention,” The Atlantic, June 14, 2017, https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/06/the-southern-baptist-convention-alt-right-white-supremacy/530244/.

  48. Lawrence Ware, “Why I’m Leaving the Southern Baptist Convention,” New York Times, July 17, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/17/opinion/why-im-leaving-the-southern-baptist-convention.html.

  49. Robertson, “A Quiet Exodus.”

  50. Martin Luther King Jr., “Letter from a Birmingham Jail,” April 16, 1963.

  CHAPTER 11: THE FIERCE URGENCY OF NOW

  1. Martin Luther King Jr., “I Have a Dream,” speech, Washington DC, August 28, 1963, during the “March on Washington.”

  2. King, “I Have a Dream.”

  3. Naomi Nelson, “The John Hope Franklin Papers: A Historian Becomes History,” Huffington Post, October 17, 2012, https://www.huffingtonpost.com/naomi-nelson/african-american-history_b_1973636.html.

  4. For example, The African Americans: Many Rivers to Cross, PBS, https://www.pbs.org/show/african-americans-many-rivers-cross/.

  5. This is not to say you can never ask a racial or ethnic minority any questions, but it does mean that we all have to take ownership for our own knowledge and not burden others with the responsibility of providing answers we can easily find ourselves, especially when conversation about race can prove so exhausting to those who live through racial discrimination on a daily basis.

  6. Christopher Ingraham, “Three Quarters of Whites Don’t Have Any Non-White Friends,” Washington Post, August 25, 2014, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2014/08/25/three-quarters-of-whites-dont-have-any-non-white-friends/?utm_term=.26fa7aa03dee.

  7. Andy Crouch’s Culture Making: Recovering Our Creative Calling (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2009) offers an entire theology of how to change the culture by creating “cultural artifacts.”

  8. Laura Shin, “The Racial Wealth Gap: Why a Typical White Household Has 16 Times the Wealth of a Black One,” Forbes, March 26, 2015, https://www.forbes.com/sites/laurashin/2015/03/26/the-racial-wealth-gap-why-a-typical-white-household-has-16-times-the-wealth-of-a-black-one/#7d3d267c1f45.

  9. William Darity Jr., Darrick Hamilton, Mark Paul, Alan Aja, Anne Price, Antonio Moore, and Caterina Chiopris, “What We Get Wrong About Closing the Racial Wealth Gap,” Samuel DuBois Cook Center on Social Equity (April 2014), 1, https://socialequity.duke.edu/sites/socialequity.duke.edu/files/site-images/FINAL%20COMPLETE%20REPORT_.pdf.

  10. “Reparations NOW: Ecclesiastical Reparations with Duke Kwon,” Truth’s Table (podcast), interview, March 2018.

  11. “Reparations NOW: Ecclesiastical Reparations with Duke Kwon.”

  12. William A. Darity Jr., “Reparations,” Encyclopedia of African-American Culture and History, ed. Colin A. Palmer, vol. 5, 2nd ed. (Detroit: Macmillan Reference, 2006), 1924–28.

  13. An argument could certainly be made for pursuing bivocational ministry regardless of salary because it allows ministers to serve the community in other ways that go beyond the church walls, and these jobs provide access to people who may not otherwise visit a church.

  14. Lottie Joiner, “Bree Newsome Reflects on Taking Down South Carolina’s Confederate Flag 2 Years Ago,” Vox, June 27, 2017, https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/6/27/15880052/bree-newsome-south-carolinas-confederate-flag.

  15. Soong-Chan Rah, Prophetic Lament: A Call for Justice in Troubled Times (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2015), 21–22.

  16. See, for example, Lisa Sharon Harper, “Freedom Road Pilgrimages,” https://freedomroad.us/what-we-do/freedom-road-pilgrimages/.

  17. Portions of this section originally appeared in an article entitled “Why Juneteenth Should Be a National Holiday,” The Witness, June 19, 2018. It is used here with permission. See https://thewitnessbcc.com/why-juneteenth-should-be-a-national-holiday/.

  18. “About Our Founder,” BlackGirlsCode, http://www.blackgirlscode.com/about-bgc.html.

  19. Vivian Wang, “Erica Garner, Activist and Daughter of Eric Garner, Dies at 27,” New York Times, December 20, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/30/nyregion/erica-garner-dead.html.

  20. Elizabeth Wagmeister, “How Me Too Founder Tarana Burke Wants to Shift the Movement’s Narrative,” Variety, April 10, 2018, https://variety.com/2018/biz/news/tarana-burke-me-too-founder-sexual-violence-1202748012/.

  21. Nikole Hannah Jones, “Choosing a School for My Daughter in a Segregated City,” New York Times, June 9, 2016, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/12/magazine/choosing-a-school-for-my-daughter-in-a-segregated-city.html.

  INDEX

  abolition, 43, 47, 59, 69, 77, 79, 96, 109, 207, 221n15

  abolitionism, 32, 68

  abolitionists, 19, 51, 60, 68, 74, 76, 80, 83–84, 129

  abortion, 156, 161, 165, 167, 182, 183, 188

  accountable individualism, 175, 181

  action steps

  for developing a lifelong commitment to racial justice, 196–97

  to develop interracial relationships, 195–96

  to increase awareness of racism issues, 195

  activism (as defined by Bebbington), 154

  Africa, 29, 37, 44, 67, 186, 205, 220n6

  African Americans, 88, 102, 116, 122, 172

  African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME), 53–54, 64, 109, 224n31

  Africans, 25–27, 29–39, 43–45, 48, 50, 54–55, 66, 81, 83, 111

  agriculture, 34

  Ali, Muhammad, 144

  Allen, Richard, 53–54, 76, 224n31

  amendments, Reconstruction-era, 92–93

  American Christianity, 17, 18, 20, 24, 71, 55, 57, 66, 68, 165. See also

  American church history; American

  evangelicalism; church splits

  American church history, 22, 28

  American Colonization Society (ACS), 67

  American evangelicalism, 69, 153

  American Revolution. See Revolutionary War

  American South. See South, the

  Andrew, James Osgood, 76–77

  Anglicans, 44

  antebellum era. See chapter 4,

  “Institutionalizing Race in the

  Antebellum Era” (56–69)

  Antigua, 31

  antistructuralism, 176, 181

  Anyabwile, Thabiti (black pastor and writer), 181–82, 183

  ARC of racial justice, 194–97

  Armstrong, George D. (Presbyterian minister), 83

&n
bsp; Articles of Confederation, 57

  Asberry, Richard, 114

  Asch, Chris Myers (historian), 106

  Ashley, James, 92

  Athanasius, 37

  Atlantic, estimated number of slaves brought across the, 33

  Attucks, Crispus, 40–41

  Atwater, Lee, 152–53

  Augustine, 37

  awareness (of racism issues), action steps to increase, 195

  Azusa Street revival, 114–15

  Bacon’s Rebellion, 35

  Baker, Kelly (The Gospel According to the Klan), 100

  baptism, 25–26, 38, 44, 86

  Baptist General Committee of Virginia, 51–52

  Baptist General Convention, 77, 86

  Baptists, 16, 44, 52, 71, 75–76, 77–78, 137, 148, 161

  split over slaveholding missionaries, 77–78

  Barber William J., Jr. (pastor and activist), 208

  Barbados, 31

  Barna Research Group, 183

  Battle of Gettysburg, number of combatant deaths, 71

  Battle of Lexington and Concord, 42

  Bebbington, David/Bebbington’s quadrilateral, 154

  “Benevolent Empire,” 68

  Bethel African Church (Philadelphia), 54

  Bethesda Orphanage/Academy, 47–48

  Bible and slavery, 80–82

  biblicism, 154

  bigotry, 16, 19, 22, 181, 187, 211

  Bilbo, Theodore (Take Your Choice), 105

  Billings, Robert, 166

  Birmingham, Alabama, 13–14, 112, 135–38, 146

  Birth of a Nation (film), 100–101

  black church, the, 19, 52, 109 a call to learn from, 201–3

  black Christians, 19–20, 22, 45, 48, 52–54, 57, 66, 67, 76, 110, 116, 124, 147, 176, 180, 190, 200, 202–3

  black equality, 17, 68, 88–89, 97

  blackface, 101, 103

  Black Girls Code, 208

  black lives matter. See chapter 10,

  “Reconsidering Racial Reconciliation

  in the Age of Black Lives Matter” (172–91)

  Christian responses to, 180–91

  and Christian responses across the color line, 176–80

  Black Lives Matter (organization), 180

  Black Madonna, Shrine of the, 147–48

  black power (term/movement), 109, 129, 143, 157

  blacks, first institution of higher education to

  accept both women and, 68

  Blair, Francis (Grant’s running mate), 97

  Blake, William, 32

  Bland, Sandra, 179

  blockbusting, 127

  Bob Jones University, 162–65, 168

  Boston Massacre, 40

  Boyd, Rekia, 179

  Blum, Edward J., 147

  Branch, Taylor (historian), 148

  Bray, Thomas, 38

  Brazil, 33

  Britain, abolition of the slave trade and slavery in, 32

  Brown, John, 72, 74

  Brown, Linda (of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka), 132

  Brown, Mike (slain black teenager), 178, 179

  Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 132–33, 134, 135, 145, 149, 151, 210

  Brundage, Fitzhugh (historian), 95

  Bryan, Hugh and Jonathan, 47

  Bryant, Carolyn, 130, 232n1

  Bryant, Kimberly, 209

  Bush, George H. W., 152

  Bush, George W., 165

  Butler, Hannah, 154

  Butler, Jon, 222n6

  Cane Ridge Revival, 68

  capitalism, 120, 158, 170–71

  Caribbean, the, 30, 31, 33

  Carmichael, Stokely (SNCC), 143

  Carr, Albert, 106–7

  Carter, Jimmy, 153, 165, 167

  Castile, Philando, 179

  Catholic Church, 120

  Catholics, 16, 102, 112–13, 156, 166

  Cave, R. Lin, 95

  Chaney, James (civil rights worker), 168

  Charleston church shooting, 201

  chattel principle, 60, 75

  chattel slavery, 28, 49, 59, 68, 81, 82, 84–85, 89, 93, 208

  Chicago Defender, 104

  Chicago Freedom Movement, 128

  Christianity, 17–20, 22, 24–25, 30–31, 35–39, 43–45, 47, 50, 52, 54, 55, 57, 62, 66–69, 71, 80–82, 95, 100–102, 110, 113, 116, 129, 144, 148, 159, 165, 199, 215, 222n26

  black power movement and black alternatives to, 143–44

  and the KKK, 99–103

  paternalism and proslavery, 66–69

  Christianity Today, 140

  Christian Right, 156, 166, 170

  Christians, the everyday racism of American, 144–48

  Church of God (denomination), 114–15

  church splits, 76–79

  civil rights. See civil rights movement

  civil rights movement. See chapter 8 ,

  “Compromising with Racism During

  the Civil Rights Movement” (130–51); also 128–29, 154–55, 157, 160, 163, 166, 180, 190, 205–6, 208–12

  toward the church, 211–12

  participating in the modern-day, 208–10

  on starting a, 211–12

  Civil Rights Act of 1964, 139–41, 155, 164

  Civil Rights Act of 1965 (properly, the Voting

  Rights Act of 1965), 93, 155

  Civil War. See chapter 7, “Defending Slavery at the Onset of the Civil War” (70–87); also 53, 57, 60, 66, 69, 88–89, 91–97, 99, 103, 105, 109, 110, 113, 144, 164, 200, 208

  causes of the, 72–75

  estimated number of deaths, 71

  two facts about the, 71–72

  Clark, Jamar, 179

  Clark, Stephon, 179

  Clarke, Edward Young, 102

  Clay, Cassius (Muhammad Ali), 144

  Cleage, Albert, Jr., 147–48

  Clinton, Hillary, 187, 188

  “Closed Society,” 130

  colonial era, 18. See chapter 2, “Making Race

  in the Colonial Era” (25–39)

  color-blind conservatism/rhetoric/ideology, 153, 160, 171

  Color of Christ, The (Blum and Harvey), 147

  Columbus, Christopher, 27, 28, 111

  Committee on the Incorporation of

  Churches, 56

  Compromise of 1877, 97–98

  Cone, James (The Cross and the Lynching Tree), 110

  Confederacy, the, 70, 72, 75, 81, 87, 94, 129, 167, 174, 200, 201

  Confederate flags, 94, 95, 128, 201

  Confederate Memorial Day, 95

  Confederate monuments, 94, 95, 200–201, 207

  Confederates, 80, 88, 92–94

  Confederate Veteran magazine, 96

  Connor, Eugene “Bull,” 136

  Constitutional Convention of 1787, 58

  Constitution of the United States. See US Constitution

  conversionism, 154

  convict-lease system, 105–6

  Coordinating Council of Community

  Organizations (CCCO), 128

  Cornerstone Speech, 83

  cotton, 32

  Crespino, Joseph (historian), 167–68

  Criswell, W. A. (First Baptist Church, Dallas), 149–50, 161

  cross burning, 101

  Cross and the Lynching Tree (Cone), 110

  crucicentrism, 154

  Cullors, Patrisse (activist), 177, 178

  “culture war,” 182

  curse of Ham, slavery and the, 82–85

  Dabney, Robert Lewis, 81–83

  Daley, Richard J. (Mayor), 129

  Daniel, Carey L. (Baptist pastor), 134

  Daniel (prophet), 198–99, 203

  Daniels, Stormy, 185

  Davis, Jefferson, 96

  “death by tree.” See lynching

  Declaration of Independence, 26, 41, 42–43, 57

  de facto segregation, 165

  Democratic Party/Democrats, 97–98, 153, 155, 156

  denomination, the first historically black

  Christian,
52–54

  desegregation, 124, 126, 128, 134, 139, 145, 149, 162

  devil, 134, 166

  DeYmaz, Mark (Mosaix), 174

  disease, 28, 33, 34, 43, 71, 86, 106

  Dixon, Thomas, Jr., 100

  Dochuk, Darren (historian), 158

  Dominicans, 37

  Douglas, Stephen, 74

  Douglass, Frederick, 111–12

  Dred Scott decision, 72, 73–74, 93

  Du Bois, W. E. B., 97, 117

  Du Mez, Kristin, 154

  DuPont, Carolyn, 17

  Dutch Reformed, 44, 127

  Eastland, James (plantation owner), 106–7

  Eastland, Woods Caperton (lynch mob leader), 107, 108

  East St. Louis Race Riots, 118

  Edwards, Jonathan, 45, 46, 49–51, 55, 78

  Edwards, Jonathan, Jr., 50–51

  emancipation, 35, 36, 45, 51, 66, 68, 86, 90, 91, 94, 103, 105, 207

  Emancipation Proclamation, 92, 207

  Emanuel AME Church (Charleston), 65, 201, 206

  Emerson, Michael (sociologist), 174–75, 176, 189

  Equal Employment Opportunity

  Commission (EEOC), 139

  Equiano, Olaudah, 30–31, 60–61, 221n8

  Europeans, 27–29, 33–37, 39, 221n17

  evangelicalism, 22, 50, 69, 140, 153, 154, 158, 171

  evangelicals, 16, 66, 67, 116–17, 134, 135, 142, 148, 150, 153–54, 156, 158–61, 163, 175, 176, 180–90

  four principles accepted and promoted by, 154

  evangelism, 28, 38, 50, 67, 69, 116, 135, 149, 154, 163, 200

  Evers, Medgar, 140

  Executive Order 8802, 123

  exodus, the (from Egypt), 18, 64

  Fair Housing Act, 155, 186

  Falwell, Jerry, 166, 167, 170–71

  Ferguson, Judge John Howard, 98

  Ferguson, Missouri (protests over officer-involved shooting), 178, 181, 182

  Fifteenth Amendment, 93, 97, 207

  Finley, Robert, 67

  Finney, Charles Grandison, 68–69

  Fitzhugh, George (lawyer from Virginia), 66–67

  Forrest, Nathan Bedford, 99, 100

  Fourteenth Amendment, 93, 98, 207

  Franciscans, 37

  Franklin, John Hope (black historian), 193

  Freedmen’s Bureau, 89–90, 92

  Freedom Schools, 205–6

  French and Indian War, 42

  Friedman, Milton, 170–71

  Frye, Rena, Ronald, and Marquette, 141

  Fugitive Slave Clause, 58

  fundamentalism, 116

  fundamentalists, 116–17, 120, 156, 163

  Fundamentals: A Testimony to the Truth, The

 

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