Mann, Edler von Tiechler, Vice Admiral Ernst Ritter von, 370, 422
Marder, Professor Arthur J., 322, 324, 330, 421, 424
Marinekorps Flandern, 297, 333, 346, 408–9, 422
Marmara, sea: and Allied operations, 111, 113, 116, 121, 122; and Allied submarine operations, 119
Maude, Lieutenant General Sir Stanley, 131
Mauve, Rear Admiral Franz, 315
Maxwell, General Sir John, 108
Maynard, Major General Sir Charles, 137
Mayo, Admiral Henry Thomas, 394, 438
Mediterranean: and 1912 redeployment, 6–7; naval race in, 11, 13–15; and Japanese destroyers, 18, 393; and Anglo-French convention (1914), 58; appearance of German submarines in, 104, 132, 381; failure to achieve unified command in, 141, 400; favorable opportunities for German submarines in, 302, 305, 309, 335–36, 381–82; declared Sperrgebiet, 340, 390; German submarine campaign in, 383–85, 387–88, 390–91, 397, 399–401, 423; and Paris agreement (December 1915), 386; and Malta conference (March 1916), 386–87; failure of antisubmarine measures in, 389–90; and London conference (January 1917), 390; and Corfu conference (April 1917), 392–93; and London conference (September 1917), 394; convoy system in, 394–97
Mediterranean Expeditionary Force, 112
Merchant Marine, British: volume of, 65; effects of submarine campaign on, 303, 308–9, 336, 341–42; in Holtzendorff’s memorandum (22 December 1916), 337–38; and convoy system, 364–65, 423
merchant ships, American: Algonquin, 341; Amphion, 434; Antilles, 437; Carolina, 431; Covington, 437; Cushing, 298; Felix Taussig, 433; Finland, 437; George G. Henry, 434; Great Northern, 435; Gulflight, 298; “Lake” class, 438–39; Leviathan, 435, 436; Lucia, 434; Mount Vernon, 437; Nebraskan, 299; New York, 358; Northern Pacific, 435; Pass of Balmaha, 373; President Lincoln, 437; Saetia, 433; San Saba, 433; Ticonderoga, 434
merchant ships, Austro-Hungarian: Baron Call, 176; Belgrade, 267; Croatia, 285; Locrum, 169; Martha Washington, 534n. 96; Odessa, 285; Sarajevo, 169; Trinitas, 267; Vaskapu, 274; Wien, 177
merchant ships, Belgian: Samland, 371
merchant ships, Brazilian: Uberaba, 433
merchant ships, British: Alban, 434; Aquitania, 436; Arabia, 335; Arabic, 301, 302; Brussels, 296, 351; Cymric, 308; Denbigh Hall, 427; Dunrobin, 210; Falaba, 298; F. D. Lambert, 210; Glitra, 292; Glyndwr, 193; Hesperian, 302; Hurunui, 427; Julnar, 129, 130; Kashmir, 437; Laconia, 341; Lusitania, 298–302; Malachite, 292; Marina, 335; Mauretania, 298–99, 436; Merion, 118; Minieh, 371; Moorina, 109; Newby Hall, 434; Nicosian, 301; Nirpura, 428; Olympic, 34, 427, 436; Otaki, 371; Patagonia, 235; Penmount, 210; Primo, 292; Queen, 346; Queen Elizabeth, 436; Queen Mary, 436; Queensland, 400; Royal Edward, 118; Saint Theodore, 371; San Andres, 427; Scholar, 427; Teiresias, 108; Thelma, 210; Turritella, 372; Tuscania, 436; Vienna, 134; Yarrowdale, 371, 374
merchant ships, Canadian: Triumph, 433
merchant ships, Cuban: Chaparro, 433
merchant ships, Danish: N. J. Fjord, 317
merchant ships, Dutch: Batavier V, 307; Katwijk, 298; Mecklenburg, 307; Medea, 298; Palembang, 307; Princess Juliana, 307; Tubantia, 307; Zaanstroom, 307
merchant ships, French: Amiral Ganteaume, 292; Carthage, 118, 119; Portugal, 242; Sussex, 307, 308
merchant ships, German: Ahlers, 91; Ayesha, 76, 500n. 38; Baden, 91, 100; Belgravia, 309; Choising, 76, 500n. 38; Cincinnati, 437; Corcovado, 62; Dora Hugo Stinnes, 193; Fortuna, 374; General, 62; Germania, 202, 204; Guben, 310; Hedwig von Wissmann, 84; Holsatia, 91; Koenig, 77; Köln, 434; Kronprinzessin Cecilie, 437; Lissabon, 210; Markomannia, 72, 75; Präsident, 78; President Lincoln, 437; Princess Alice, 534n. 96; Pungo, 309; Rio Negro, 79; Santa Isabel, 100; Seydlitz, 100; Syria, 208; Titania, 71, 72, 88, 96, 97; Vaterland, 435; Wachtenfels, 372; Walküre, 89; Worms, 210
merchant ships, Greek: Ellispontos, 298; Pontoporos, 75
merchant ships, Italian: Ancona, 385; Carracio, 500n. 38; Conte Rosso, 442
merchant ships, Japanese: Fukoku Maru, 71
merchant ships, Norwegian: Belridge, 297; Bergensfjord, 49
merchant ships, Romanian: Dacia, 276; Imparatul Traian, 276; Regele Carol I, 276; Rumania, 276
merchant ships, Russian: Athos, 228; Kornilov, 240; Lazarev, 240; Oleg, 228, 506n. 11; Rjasan, 72, 76; Sloboda, 511n. 26; Sveti Sergi, 510n. 4; Vpered, 508n. 49
merchant ships, Spanish: Igotz Mendi, 373
merchant ships, Swedish: Hanna, 297; Nike, 202
merchant ships, Turkish: Carmen, 237; Irmingard, 237, 238, 248; Rodesto, 248
Mesopotamia, campaign: origins of, 124; and capture of Kurnah, 125; psychological dimensions of, 125, 126; and advance on Baghdad, 126–29; and siege of Kut, 129–30; War Office assumes control of, 130; and capture of Baghdad, 131–32; cost of, 132; mentioned, 106, 123
Meurer, Rear Admiral Hugo, 221, 222, 448
Michelsen, Kapitän zur See Andreas, 346, 369, 407–8, 430
Miller, Rear Admiral Hugh, 112
Milne, Vice Admiral Sir Archibald Berkeley, 56, 57
Mischke, Rear Admiral Robert, 183, 184, 200
Mittelmeerdivision: establishment of, 15; and action on outbreak of war, 51–52, 53; and Turkish fleet, 62; misleading name of, 225; new opportunities for, 256. See also Souchon
Mola, Rear Admiral, 176
Monro, General Sir Charles C., 120–23
Montecuccoli, Vice Admiral Rudolph, Graf, 14
Montenegro, 61, 153, 157
Montgelas, Oberleutnant zur See Graf von, 200
Moon Sound, 181, 191, 196–98, 206; 214–19
Moore, Rear Admiral Sir Archibald G. H. W., 30, 46
Moriyama, Captain, 96
Moroccan crisis (1905), 5
Mücke, Kapitänleutnant Helmuth von, 76, 513n. 57
Mudros, 112, 116, 118, 258, 401
Muhammerah, Sheik of, 125, 126
Müller, Admiral Georg Alexander von: and Ingenohl, 46, 47; and Baltic command, 182; and Denmark, 183; and submarine warfare, 293, 302, 337; and Tirpitz, 303; and Jutland, 326; mentioned, 303
Müller, Fregattenkapitän Karl von, 71, 72, 74–76, 489n. 22
Murmansk, 134–37
Myres, Lieutenant Commander John L., 133
Nakhimov, Operation, 254
Napier, Vice Admiral T. W. D., 377
Nasmith, Lieutenant Commander Martin E., 119, 188
NATEKO (Nautisch-Technische Komission für Schwarze Meere), 257
Naval Air Service, American, 425, 426
Naval Air Service, British: and Cuxhaven raid, 43; and Zeebrugge and Bruges, 415; and seaplane raids on zeppelin bases, 311–12, 314, 441; and development of carriers, 442, 443
Naval Air Service, French, 426
Naval Air Service, German, 42–44, 411, 443–44
Naval Staff, British, 102. See also Admiralty
Nelson, Captain Charles P., 399
Nelson, Vice Admiral, 1st Viscount (Horatio Nelson), 46, 184, 417
Nemits, Rear Admiral, 254
Nepenin, Vice Admiral A. J., 211, 212
Nerger, Korvettenkapitän Karl-August, 372, 373
Netherlands: and friction with Germany, 298, 302, 307; possible entry into war of, 337; mentioned, 347, 447
Netherlands, Navy, 18, 74–75, 102, 444
Netherlands East Indies, 74, 75
Newbolt, Sir Henry John, 341, 372, 379, 533n. 77
New Guinea, 83, 85, 88, 89
New Zealand, 78, 83–85
Niblack, Rear Admiral Albert Parker, 394, 395, 397
Nicholas, Grand Duke, 110, 113
Nicholas II, Tsar, 184, 185
Nixon, General Sir John, 126–30
Njegovan, Vice Admiral Maximilian, 168, 169, 171
Norges Rederforbund, 352
Northern barrage, 399, 433, 438–41
Norway: declares neutrality, 28, 179; territorial waters of, used by Allied shipping, 135, 504n. 65; in Wegener’s plans, 289; heavy shipping losses of, 352, 353; British obligated to supply coal to, 378; British proposals to
mine territorial waters of, 439–40
Nostitz und Jänkendorf, Korvettenkapitän von, 432
Novorossisk, 256, 257
Nunn, Captain Wilfred, 127, 129, 131
Odessa, 63, 231, 256, 285
Oliver, Rear Admiral Sir Henry F.: opposes mining, 34; and Room 40, 37; and Churchill’s Baltic schemes, 104–5; on Helgoland, 106; and assistance to the Russians, 219; and Jutland, 316; meets with Jellicoe and Beatty, 331–32, 344; and Scandinavian convoy, 352; objections of, to convoys, 353–54
Ösel, island. See Albion, Operation
Ostend: Germans develop base at, 35, 105; as outlet for submarines, 297, 346; bombarded by monitors, 350, 411; attempts to block, 411–12, 414–15; as target of U.S. Northern Bombing Group, 426
Otranto, strait: French blockade of, 61, 62; and British drifters, 159–61, 387, 397, 401; fixed barrage of, 160–61; raided by Austrians, 161, 173; and action of 15 May 1917, 162–66; and U.S. submarine chasers, 171, 399; and Horthy’s planned offensive, 174–75; and Calthorpe’s proposed reorganization, 398; and ineffectiveness of barrage, 399
Pagano di Melito, Tenente di vascello, 169
Page, Walter Hines, 359
Pakenham, Vice Admiral Sir William C., 377
Palestine, campaign, 106, 392, 395–97
Palladini, Rear Admiral, 176
Panama Canal, 94, 357
Paolucci, Tenente di vascello Raffaele, 177
Papeete (Tahiti), 85, 89, 92
Passchendaele, battle of, 350, 421
Patey, Rear Admiral Sir George E.: and Australian expeditions, 84, 85, 88; and pursuit of Spee, 89, 91, 95, 96
Peirse, Rear Admiral Richard H.: and Emden, 75; and defense of Egypt, 107, 109; and operations at Smyrna, 113–14
Pelagosa, island, 147–51
Pellegrini, Tenente di vascello Mario, 172
Pelletan, Camille, 11–12
Persia, 125, 128
Persian Gulf, 106, 110, 124, 128
Persian Gulf Expeditionary Force (“Force D”), 124
Pfundheller, Kapitän zur See Hans, 33
Piave, river, 169
Picot, Lieutenant de vaisseau Edouard, 265–66
Pohl, Admiral Hugo von: as Chief of Admiralstab, 23; strategy of, 39, 40, 287–88, 290; replaces Ingenohl, 47; and Spee’s squadron, 97; and Baltic, 183, 199, 502n. 20; and submarine warfare, 293, 295, 302; and Flanders flotillas, 217; death of, 305; mentioned, 291
Pola: and German submarines, 116, 118, 145, 382–84, 387, 397; as Austrian base, 140; attacked by Italy, 172–73, 177; as target of air raids, 398, 400; Germans evacuate, 401
Pollen, Arthur Hungerford, 6, 9, 328
Poole, Major General Sir Frederick C., 137
Premuda, island, 174
Prölss, Kapitänleutnant Eduard, 330
Püllen, Kapitän zur See, 396
Pustkuchen, Oberleutnant zur See Herbert, 307
Q-ships: employed by Germans in Baltic, 204, 208; used by British, 300, 301, 309; decline in effectiveness of, 343; mentioned, 363, 428
Queenstown, 359, 362, 394, 429
Rabaul (New Britain), 84, 85
Rebeur-Paschwitz, Vice Admiral Hubert, 255
Red Sea, 86
Regia Marina. See Italy, Navy
Reichsmarineamt, 2, 339, 423
Reuter, Rear Admiral Ludwig von, 377, 448, 449
Revel. See Thaon di Revel
Richmond, Captain Herbert W.: and Borkum project, 103–4; and proposals for operations on Syrian coast, 133; as liaison officer with Italian fleet, 147, 148, 150; and air attack on German fleet, 441
Riga, Gulf of: importance of, 188, 191, 194; German attempts to penetrate, 193, 196–99; Russian defenses in, 206–7; and Operation Albion, 213–21. See also Irben, strait
Risikogedank, 2, 3
Rizzo, Tenente di vascello Luigi, 170, 174–75
Robertson, General Sir William, 391
Rodgers, Rear Admiral Thomas S., 436
Rodman, Rear Admiral Hugh, 404, 405, 420
Romania: initial neutrality of, 115, 262–63, 267; enters war (1916), 247, 262, 275; military strength and deficiencies of, 276; campaign in, 279–81, 337; government of, evacuates to Jassy, 283; concludes armistice, 284. See also Danube
Romania, Navy: strength of, 262, 276–77; operations of, 277–79, 281, 284
Room 40: establishment of, 37; and Scarborough raid, 40–42; and air raids on Cuxhaven, 43; and Dogger Bank action, 45; warns of U21’s arrival in Mediterranean, 118; and Jutland, 315–16, 325; and operations of 19 August 1916, 330; and German destroyer raids, 347–49, 408; and convoy system, 361; and Scandinavian convoy, 376, 420; and Mediterranean, 400
Rose, Kapitänleutnant Hans, 336
Rosenberg, Fregattenkapitän von, 215
Roskill, Captain Stephen W., 325
Rossetti, Maggiore del genio navale Raffaele, 177
Rosyth, 10, 46, 314, 417, 420
Roussin, Admiral A. I., 201
Rouyer, Rear Admiral Albert, 25
Royal Air Force, 415, 416, 425
Royal Flying Corps, 415
Royal Indian Marine, 130
Royal Marines, 111, 412, 413
Royal Navy. See Great Britain, Navy
Ruad, island, 132
Rufigi, river, 78, 86
Russia: and past rivalry with Great Britain, 2; gives German codes to British, 36; declares war on Turkey, 64; and British naval plans, 103, 106; to receive Constantinople, 112; and Dardanelles campaign, 110, 113; and offensive in Caucasus, 131; receives supplies through northern ports, 134–36; drops out of war, 136, 221, 380, 410; and assistance to Serbia, 263–65, 273; and assistance to Romania, 278–79, 284
Russia, Army (units): Sixth Army, 184; V Caucasian Corps, 230; 123rd Division, 243; 127th Division, 243; 53rd Caucasian Regiment, 264
Russia, Baltic Fleet: prewar plans of, 180–81; under C-in-C Sixth Army, 184; operations of, 185, 192, 194–95, 199, 202, 204–5, 209–10; strategy of, in 1915, 190–91; and 1917 revolution, 212–13; and defense of Gulf of Riga, 215; British worries about fate of, 221–22; mentioned, 223
Russia, Navy: and Russo-Japanese War, 5, 16–17; strength of, 17, 18, 224; and German auxiliary cruisers, 66; and Dardanelles campaign, 113, 229; and operations in North Russia, 135; and operations affected by climate, 179–80; and submarines, 201, 202, 205; and mining offensive, 204–5; mine and coast defenses of, 206–7; prewar Black Sea plans of, 223–24; and Danube, 262–64, 273–74, 278–79, 282, 284, 510n. 4. See also Black Sea Fleet; Essen; Russia, Baltic Fleet
Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905), 5, 16, 18, 21, 34, 91, 180
Ryan, Commander Cyril Percy, 343
Sabbioncello peninsula, 142, 147, 167, 171–72
Sablin, Vice Admiral N. P., 256
Salandra, Antonio, 52
Salonika: Anglo-French landing at, 120, 152; troop movements to, 146, 154, 389; and German plans, 274; Jellicoe recommends withdrawal from, 360, 391–92; and the French, 385–86, 395; British forces advance toward, 401. See also Macedonia, campaign
San Giovanni di Medua, 153–55, 157
Sarrail, General Maurice Paul Emmanuel, 120, 274
Saseno, island, 153
Sato, Rear Admiral Kozo, 393
Save, river, 262–63, 265–66, 272
Scapa Flow, 10, 24, 29–30, 288, 418, 488
Scarborough, 40–42
Scheer, Admiral Reinhard: on British strategy, 27; fails to impede transport of BEF, 28–29; complains of minefields in Belts, 183; favors more offensive strategy, 207, 310–12; and Operation Albion, 213–14; and submarine warfare, 293, 295, 305, 308–10; raids Lowestoft, 313; and Jutland, 314–16, 318–20, 322–28; advocates resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare, 328–29, 332, 336–37; and sortie of 19 August 1916, 329–31; defends use of Moltke to support submarines, 334; and destroyers for Flanders flotillas, 347–49, 408; and submarine construction, 370, 422–23; plans sortie (March 1917), 375–76; and Scandinavian convoy, 376, 378, 418–21; and submarines in American waters, 430; plans Fl
ottenvorstoss (November 1918), 444, 446, 447; mentioned, 288
Scheidt, Rear Admiral, 192
Schmidt, Vice Admiral Ehrhard, 185, 192, 195–98, 214, 217
Schneider, Kapitänleutnant Rudolf, 301
Schoultz, Captain G. von, 206
Schröder, Vice Admiral Ludwig von, 297, 346
Schwerer, Capitaine de vaisseau Zéphirin-Alexandre-Antoine, 58
Schwieger, Kapitänleutnant Walter, 299, 302, 308
Scott, Captain Percy, 5
Sebastopol, 17, 63, 256–58
Seekriegsleitung (SKL), 422, 430
Seitz, Linienschiffskapitän Heinrich, 154–57
Senussi, 109, 128, 388, 389
Serbia: resists Austrians, 110, 115; is overrun, 120, 152, 271–74; supplies for, 153–54, 263; importance of, for Dardanelles campaign, 232, 236–37, 267; improvised naval forces of, on Danube, 262, 270, 511n. 26; British naval mission to, 270–71
Serbia, Army, 152, 155, 157–58
Serbian Relief Committee, 153–54
Seymour, Lieutenant Commander Ralph F., 41, 46
Shatt-al-Arab, 124, 125
Sheikh Syed, bay, 86, 106
Silver, Captain M. L., 86
Sims, Vice Admiral William Sowden: and mission to England, 357–59; as advocate of convoy system, 362, 438–39; and submarine chasers, 399; urges concentration in European waters, 429, 431; and Northern barrage, 438; and reputation as Anglophile, 522n. 70; mentioned, 171, 172, 395, 425, 449
Smart, Lieutenant B. A., 443
Smyrna, 64, 113, 114
Sonnino, Baron Sidney, 144, 155
Souchon, Rear Admiral Wilhelm: at outbreak of war, 51–52, 54–56; becomes chief of Turkish fleet, 57, 58, 62; and defense of Dardanelles, 62–63, 111, 115; attacks Russian fleet, 62–63; opinions of, regarding Turks, 225; and protection of Turkish transports, 226; and Liman von Sanders, 227; conceals damage to Goeben, 228; and operations in 1915, 231; and coal problem, 232–35, 237, 248, 253; and assistance to Caucasus front, 241, 244, 246; returns to Germany, 255
South Africa, 83, 95
Southwest Africa, German, 83, 86, 95
Spain: neutrality of, violated at Rio d’Oro, 81; and German submarines, 118, 400, 448; and Allies’ use of territorial waters, 389, 391, 392
Spain, Navy, 18
Spee, Vice Admiral Maximilian Graf von: is based at Tsingtau, 66, 70; plans of, 71, 72; communications cut, 73; and Easter Island, 80, 86, 91, 92; as threat to Allied expeditions, 83, 84; raids Apia, 88; bombards Papeete, 69; and battle off Coronel, 92–93; movements of, after Coronel, 94–96; and Falklands battle, 97–100; mentioned, 38, 40, 74, 75
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