D W Griffith's The Birth of a Nation
Page 65
style-substance dichotomy, 284
Rohauer, Raymond, 262
A Romance of Happy Valley (film), 264, 273
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 270
Roosevelt, Theodore, 35, 212, 213, 215
The Root of Evil (Dixon), 52
The Rose of Kentucky (film), 201, 231
Rosen, Marjorie, 5–6
Rosenwald, Julius, 165
Ross, Edward A., 213
Rothapfel, S. F., 235
Rothman, William, 280
Russell, Sylvester, 132
Ryan, Phil A., 261
Sadoul, Georges, 5, 279, 280
St John, Adela Rogers, 97
Saint-Saëns, Camille, 106
Sally of the Sawdust (film), 267
Salter, Harry, 66
Sanborn, Frank B., 146
The Sands of Dee (film), 73, 85
Sanford, Walter, 159
Sarris, Andrew, 262
The Saxons in England (Kemble), 211
Saxton, Alexander, 209
Scarface (film), 7, 8
Scarlet Days (film), 264
Schaeffle, Howard, 140
Schenck, Joseph, 267
Schickel, Richard, 11, 59, 66, 71, 77
on Biograph, 69
on editing Birth, 102
on Gish, 85
on Griffith’s later films, 266, 267, 268
on Griffith’s racism, 147, 282–3
Klan and audiences, 224
on NAACP’s legal grounds, 130
on Stern, 256
Schieffelin, William J., 145
Schlegel, Friedrich von, 210
Scholtz, Abe, 101
Schreiber, Belle, 221
Scorsese, Martin
The Last Temptation of Christ, 8
Scott, Emmett J., 166
Scott, Robert K., 204
Scott, Sir Walter, 12
Ivanhoe, 211
The Lady of the Lake, 203
The Sculptor’s Nightmare (film), 67
Selig Films, 75, 77
multireel productions, 114
Selywn Theater, New York City, 239–40
Selznick, David O., 9, 259, 261
Sennett, Mack, 70, 270
Civilization, 166
The Seventh Son (film), 188
sexual morality
audiences in cinemas, 6
censorship, 132, 147
Dixon and, 205
early cinema and, 7
Mayor Curley’s objections, 142, 150
miscegenation issue, 7, 216–22, 234
Shaw, Albert, 32
She Done Him Wrong (film), 7
Sheldon, Edward
The Nigger, 156
Shepard, David, 278
Sherman, Harry, 119
Sherman, General William T., 29, 185
Sherwin, Louis, 117
Shillady, John R., 228
Sholtz, Abe, 71
Short, William H., 251, 252
Shubert Theater, Boston, 237–8
Sieder, Jill Jordan, 10
Siegmann, George, 85, 88, 217
Sight and Sound (journal), 190–1, 254, 256–7
Silva, John, 11
Simmon, Scott, 11, 231, 283
Simmons, William J., 9, 232–5
Simpson, O. J., 10
Sims Act, 132
Sinn, Clarence, 108
Sinnott, Michael (Mack Sennett), 70
The Sins of the Father (Dixon), 52–3
A Siren of Impulse (film), 85
Sklar, Robert, 251
slavery
Boston anti-slavery campaign, 141
Dixon and, 27–9, 39–40, 42
errors in Birth, 205, 206
Griffith family and, 59
Lost Cause view, 179, 180, 182, 186, 213
portrayal in Birth, 17
reality of, 184
scenes edited out, 104
Uncle Tom’s Cabin and, 35–6
white women, 220–1
Slide, Anthony, 85, 275
Smith, Alfred E., 241
Smith, George W., 230
Smith, Gladys, 84
Smith, Harry C., 155–6
Smith, James (Jimmy), 71, 101
Smith, Rose, 16, 101
Snuff (film), 8
Snyder, M. P., 238
Social Darwinism, 212
The Soldier in Our Civil War (Mottelay and Campbell-Copeland), 176–7
The Songbird of the North (film), 188
Sorlin, Pierre, 13, 184
The Sorrows of Satan (film), 267
The Souls of Black Folks (Du Bois), 167
Spanish-American War, 40, 207, 212
Spears, Jack, 68, 174
Spielberg, Steven
The Color Purple, 262
Spingarn, Joel E., 135, 138, 167, 168
Spirit of ’76 (film), 272–3
Sproul, William C., 230
Staiger, Janet, 9, 12, 13, 253–4
Stalin, Josef, 254, 256, 257
Standard Union (newspaper), 117
Stanley, Max, 85
Stanton, Edwin M., 44, 45, 82
The Star of Ethiopia (pagent), 167–8
Starfield, Panny, 284
State (newspaper), 51
Stephenson, David C., 241
Stern, Seymour, 13, 103, 104
anti-communist argument, 254–8
Griffith’s library and, 191–2
Sterne, Elaine, 163, 164, 166
Stevens, Thaddeus A., 174, 189, 205
Stewart, R. W., 133
Stone Film Library, 246, 259
Storey, Moorfield, 141, 142, 143
Stowe, Harriet Beecher
Dixon responds to, 54
film versions, 53
influence of, 35–7
Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 12, 13, 35–8, 41–2
Strand Theater, New York, 4
Stroheim, Erich von, 88, 275
The Struggle (film), 268
Sturges, Preston, 268
Sul-te-Wan, Madame, 87
Sullivan, Lewis J., 147
Sumner, Charles, 17, 21, 88, 174
The Sun (newspaper), 117
The Sun Virgin (Dixon), 270
Sweet, Blanche, 70, 85
Swords and Hearts (film), 68
Tacitus, Gaius Cornelius, 216
History of the Germanic People, 211
Taft, William Howard, 207
Tarbell, Ida M., 187–8
Tarkington, Booth, 116
Taylor, Clyde, 11, 284
Taylor, Sam, 267
Taylor, Stanner E. V., 71
Taylor, Tom
Our American Cousin, 189
Teague, George, 102
A Temporary Truce (film), 72
Ten Eyck, Robert E., 236–7
Testimony Taken by the Joint Committee on Reconstruction, 192
Thacher, Thomas C., 149
Thal, Ted, 9, 261
That Royle Girl (film), 267
theater
Civil War melodramas, 177
rivalry with cinema, 4
Thelma (film), 269
Thompson, C. Mildred, 191
Thompson, William H., 151–2
The Three Musketeers (play), 63
Thurstone, L. L., 252, 253
The Toll of the War (film), 188
Totaro, Donato, 284
Tourgée, Albion Winegar, 206
A Fool’s Errand and “The Invisible Empire,” 192–5
trade unions, 254
The Tragic Era (Bowers), 191
The Trail Rider (film), 269
The Traitor (Dixon), 52
Tremont Theater, Boston, 141, 144, 145, 150
Triangle Picture Corporation, 166, 270–1
Triumph of the Will (film), 8
Trotter, William Monroe, 144, 238
Boston campaign, 141, 145–7, 149, 228
True Heart Susie (film), 264
Truman, Harry S, 255
Tulley, Judge, 237
Tumulty, Joseph P., 14
9
Turner, George Kibbe, 220
Turner, Nat, 213
Turner, Sharon
History of the Anglo-Saxons, 211
Turner Classic Movie Channel, 10
Tuskegee Institute, 144, 151
alternate film project and, 164, 165
Twilight Revellers, 62
Tyler, Elizabeth, 235
Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Stowe), 12, 13
Dixon responds to, 35–8, 41–2, 54
film versions, 53, 124
play version, 47–8
Underhill, John G., 165
United Artists, 265
United Daughters of the Confederacy, 179
United States
Cold War attitudes, 255–8
context of nationhood, 206–16
cultural diversity, 207–8
desegregation of schools, 9
government offices view Birth, 3
historical aspects in Birth, 14
migration and immigration, 214–15
party politics, 40–1
racial legislation, 131–2
setting and plot of Birth, 6
social change, 159–60
Southern thought on race, 40
wartime solidarity, 227–30
Washington screenings of Birth, 111–13
See also Civil War; Reconstruction
Universal Films, 265
film to challenge Birth, 163–4
An Unseen Enemy (film), 84
Up From Slavery (Washington), 166
Usai, Paolo Cherchi, 13
Vance, Mark, 4–5, 278
Variety (newspaper), 118, 278
vaudeville, 114
Velez, Lupe, 267
Vesey, Denmark, 213
Villa, Francisco (Pancho), 227
Villard, Oswald Garrison, 137, 140, 168
violence and unrest
in Boston, 146–7
Laurens riot, 204
objection to film portrayal, 8
in Philadelphia, 154, 155
postwar riots, 231
resulting from Birth, 160, 161, 249–51, 278
war in Birth, 208–9
See also Ku Klux Klan
Vitagraph Company, 72, 77, 106, 114
Waco Herald (newspaper), 176
Wade, Wyn Craig, 232, 233
Wagenknecht, Edward, 75
Wagner, Richard, 107–8
Wake Forest College, 31–2, 34, 39
Wald, Lillian, 136–7
Walker, William, 223
Walling, William English, 165
Walsh, David I., 146, 148
Walsh, Raoul, 88, 275
as Booth, 96, 174
on shooting Birth, 92
Walthall, Henry B., 19, 70, 101, 181, 274, 279
cast in Birth, 83
Walton, Lester, 132, 140, 237
Wark Productions, 264
The Warriors (film), 8
Wars of the Primal Tribes (film), 74
Washington, Booker T., 42, 138, 139, 144, 146, 151
alternate film and, 165, 166
death of, 169
factions and rivalries, 224
Up From Slavery, 166
Washington, Geraldine, 277
Watson, Tom, 232
Way Down East (film), 265, 266, 274
Weber, Carl Maria von, 107
Webster, Daniel, 209
Weinberg, Herman G., 279
The Welcome Burglar (film), 76
What Drink Did (film), 219
Wheeler, General Joe, 58
When Knights Were Bold (film), 67
When Lincoln Was President (film), 188
Where Men Are Men (film), 269
White, Justice Edward D., 112, 149
White, Mimi, 174
White, Walter F., 231, 235, 239, 240–1, 245
ACLU and, 247–8
against remake, 259, 260
on reaction to play, 52
on sound version, 243
The White Caps (film), 231
The White Rose (film), 266, 273
Wibecan, George E., 137
Wilkins, Roy, 261
Willard, Jess, 220
Williams, Charles B., 156
Williams, Linda, 13, 177
Playing the Race Card, 12
race and national identity, 222
Williams, Martin, 11
Williamson, Joel, 40
Willis, Frank B., 156, 157
Wilson, Butler R., 146, 150
Wilson, D. L.
Ku Klux Klan (with Lester), 192
Wilson, Ellen Axon, 111
Wilson, R. Butler, 237, 238
Wilson, Tom, 87
Wilson, Woodrow, 141
Anglo-Saxonism, 211
association with Dixon, 32–3, 149
commutes Goldstein’s sentence, 273
Dixon’s praise of, 34
A History of the American People, 21, 175, 192, 198–200
named as film’s supporter, 142
photograph of, 112
Southern origins, 207
views Birth at the White House, 111
Wimpenny, O., 98
Winchell, Walter, 260, 261
The Wind (film), 274
Windows (film), 8
Wing Toy (film), 269
Wise, Rabbi Stephen S., 137
Within Our Gates (film), 11, 12
women
black characters in Birth, 223
miscegenation issue, 216–22
suffrage, 236
Woods, Frank E., 71, 79, 81, 104
Woods, Robert, 88
World War I, 208
Goldstein’s trial, 272–3
national solidarity and race, 227–30
Wortman, Frank (Huck), 90–1, 177
Yacowar, Maurice, 224, 281–2
The Yaqui Cur (film)
Year of the Dragon (film), 8
Young Men’s Hebrew Association, 245
Zakham (film), 8
Zemeckis, Robert
Forrest Gump, 263
Zittel, C. F., 117, 204–5
Zukor, Adolph, 73, 78, 265
Griffith signs with, 264, 267
merger with Triangle, 271
Queen Elizabeth, 106