India After Gandhi

by Ramachandra Guha

  folk ref 1, ref 2

  Muslim League ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13, ref 14, ref 15, ref 16, ref 17,

  Muslim United Front (MUF) ref 1

  ‘Muslim Women’s Bill’ ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Muslims ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9

  Assamese ref 1, ref 2

  Bengali ref 1, ref 2

  and the Constitution ref 1

  and cow slaughter ref 1

  distrusted status in India ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  entrepreneurial ref 1

  and family planning ref 1

  and the film industry ref 1

  and the 1952 general election ref 1, ref 2

  and the 1969 general election ref 1

  and the 1977 general election ref 1

  and the 1980 general election ref 1

  Gujarat pogrom 2002 ref 1

  and Independence and Partition ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  and ‘princely India’ ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9

  refugees ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Jana Sangh’s animosity towards ref 1

  and Kashmir ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12

  of Kerala ref 1, ref 2

  lack of an Indian middle class ref 1

  laws ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  position in India ref 1

  post-independence need for protection ref 1

  and the Sikhs ref 1, ref 2

  and sport ref 1

  voting habits ref 1

  see also Hindu-Muslim conflict; Islam

  Mussolini, Benito ref 1

  Muzaffarabad ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Muzaffarnagar ref 1

  Myrdal, Alva ref 1, ref 2

  Myrdal, Gunnar ref 1

  Myrdal, Jan ref 1

  MysIndia (weekly) ref 1

  Mysore ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8

  Nadars ref 1

  Naga HoHo ref 1

  Naga Nation, The (journal) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Naga National Council (NNC) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10

  Naga People’s Convention ref 1

  Naga tribes ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13

  Angami ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Aos ref 1, ref 2

  conflict ref 1

  receive Chinese military aid ref 1

  territory ref 1, ref 2

  Thangkuls ref 1, ref 2

  Nagaland ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11

  elections 1974 ref 1

  Nagar-Haveli ref 1 Nagpur ref 2

  Nagpur Congress 1920 ref 1

  Nair Service Society ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Nalgonda district ref 1, ref 2

  Namboodiri Brahmins ref 1, ref 2

  Namboodiripad, E. M. S. ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11

  Namka Chu valley ref 1

  Nanda, Gulzarilal ref 1, ref 2

  Nandy, Ashis ref 1

  Nankana Saheb ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Napoleon Bonaparte ref 1, ref 2

  Narain, Lala Jagat ref 1, ref 2

  Narain, Raj ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Narayan, Jayaprakash ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13, ref 14, ref 15, ref 16, ref 17, ref 18, ref 19, ref 20, ref 21, ref 22

  Narayan, Prabhavati ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Narayana Guru ref 1

  Nargis (Fatima Rashid) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Nariman, Fali ref 1

  Narmada Bachao Andolan ref 1

  Nasser, Gamal Abdel ref 1

  National Assembly of Pakistan ref 1, ref 2

  National Awami League of Sheikh Mujibar Rahman ref 1, ref 2

  National Conference ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13, ref 14, ref 15, ref 16, ref 17, ref 18, ref 19, ref 20, ref 21, ref 22, ref 23, ref 24

  National Democratic Alliance ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  ‘national essence’ ref 1

  National Front ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  National Integration Council ref 1

  National Planning Committee (NPC) ref 1

  National Sample Survey (NSS) ref 1

  National Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  nationalism

  Chinese ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Hindu ref 1

  Indian ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10

  nationalization ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Nav Nirman ref 1

  Nawabs ref 1, ref 2

  see also princes Nawanagar, Jam Saheb of ref 1

  Naxalbari ref 1, ref 2

  Naxalites ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11

  Nayar, Kuldip ref 1, ref 2

  Nazism ref 1, ref 2

  Nehru, Arun ref 1, ref 2

  Nehru, B. K. ref 1

  Nehru, Jawaharlal ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13, ref 14, ref 15, ref 16, ref 17, ref 18, ref 19, ref 20, ref 21, ref 22, ref 23, ref 24, ref 25, ref 26, ref 27, ref 28, ref 29, ref 30, ref 31, ref 32, ref 33, ref 34, ref 35

  and the Afro-Asian conference (1955) ref 1

  and agricultural reform ref 1

  and Andhra ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  animosity with Patel ref 1

  Autobiography, ref 1, ref 2

  becomes prime minister ref 1

  birth centenary ref 1

  Brahmin ref 1

  and China ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8

  and civil law ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7

  and the Communists ref 1, ref 2

  Congress Party position weakens ref 1

  and the Constitution ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  and the Dalai Lama ref 1

  damaged reputation ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  death ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  on democracy ref 1

  on Desai ref 1

  and economic development ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  and the English language ref 1, ref 2

  and the film industry ref 1, ref 2

  foreign policy ref 1

  and Gandhi’s death ref 1

  and the 1952 general election ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  and the 1957 general election ref 1

  and the 1962 general election ref 1, ref 2

  and the Goan ‘liberation’ ref 1, ref 2

  honorary doctorate ref 1

  and the Indian army ref 1, ref 2

  and the Indian Civil Service ref 1

  and Jayaprakash Narayan ref 1

  and Kashmir ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10

  and the Kerala Communists ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  and linguistic diversity ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9

  and local self-governance ref 1

  love of modernity ref 1

  on Mookerjee’s death ref 1

  and music ref 1, ref 2

  and the Muslim minority ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  political views ref 1

  power struggles with Prasad ref 1

  power struggles with Tandon ref 1

  prison letters to his daughter ref 1

  public disrespect towards ref 1, ref 2

  and the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh ref 1

  and the refugee crisis ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  as responsible for India’s democracy ref 1

  reunited with Patel ref 1

  and science ref 1

  and secularism ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4r />
  and Shastri ref 1

  Shivaji Park 60th birthday speech ref 1

  and a Sikh state ref 1

  and the Soviet Union ref 1

  successor to ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  suffers minor stroke ref 1

  on the Swatantra Party ref 1

  and Thimayya ref 1

  tide turns against ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  and tribals ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  and the United States ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  and the unity of India ref 1

  and the Untouchables ref 1, ref 2

  weakened in body and mind ref 1

  work undone by daughter Indira ref 1, ref 2

  Nehru, Kamala ref 1

  Nehru, Motilal ref 1

  Nehru, Rameshwari ref 1

  Nehru, Shivrajvati ref 1

  Nehru, Vijayalakshmi ref 1

  Nepal ref 1

  nepotism ref 1

  New Deal ref 1

  New Delhi ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13, ref 14, ref 15, ref 16, ref 17, ref 18, ref 19, ref 20

  and China ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7

  Dalai Lama in ref 1, ref 2

  Dulles in ref 1

  and Kashmir ref 1

  and the Kerala Communists ref 1

  and the liberation of Goa ref 1

  and the Naga problem ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  New Delhi

  and Sikkim ref 1

  New York Times (newspaper) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13

  ‘Newspaper Revolution’ ref 1

  Newsweek, ref 1

  Niazi, Lieutenant General A. A. K. ref 1, ref 2

  Nijalingappa, S. ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Nile ref 1

  Ninan, T. N. ref 1

  Ninasam ref 1

  Nirankaris ref 1, ref 2

  Nixon, Richard ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  Niyogi, Shankar Guha ref 1

  Nkrumah ref 1

  Noakhali ref 1, ref 2

  Noel-Baker, Philip ref 1

  Nokia ref 1

  non-alignment policy ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8

  non-governmental organizations (NGOs) ref 1, ref 2

  Noorani, A. G. ref 1, ref 2

  North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) ref 1

  North East Frontier Agency (NEFA) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10

  North Konkan ref 1

  North Korea ref 1

  North-West Frontier Provinces ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Nossiter, Bernard ref 1

  Nowshera ref 1

  Nu, U ref 1

  nuclear programme ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Objectives Resolution ref 1

  O’Brien, Conor Cruise ref 1

  Observer (newspaper) ref 1, ref 2

  Official Languages Act ref 1

  oil ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  crisis 1973 ref 1

  Operation Barga ref 1

  Operation Bluestar ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Operation Faith ref 1

  Operation Flood ref 1

  Operation Gibraltar ref 1, ref 2

  Operation Grand Slam ref 1

  Operation Vijay ref 1

  Opinion (magazine) ref 1

  Organiser (weekly) ref 1

  Orissa ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13, ref 14, ref 15, ref 16, ref 17, ref 18, ref 19, ref 20

  Oriya ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Oriyas ref 1

  Orwell, George ref 1, ref 2

  Osmania University ref 1

  Other Backward Castes ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Outer Line ref 1 outsourcing ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Padmanabhan, Mannath ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Pahalwan, Massu ref 1

  Pakistan ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13, ref 14, ref 15, ref 16, ref 17, ref 18, ref 19, ref 20, ref 21, ref 22, ref 23, ref 24, ref 25

  absence of politics ref 1

  and China ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  civil war ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  coup 1999 ref 1

  cricket ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  dismemberment ref 1

  elections ref 1, ref 2

  fragile nature ref 1

  hatred of India ref 1

  and Hindi films ref 1

  and Hindu fundamentalism ref 1

  and the Indian Muslims ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Indian settlement 1972 ref 1

  Indian trade war 1949 ref 1

  and India’s nuclear capability ref 1

  and the Janata government ref 1

  and Kashmir ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13, ref 14, ref 15, ref 16, ref 17, ref 18, ref 19

  1965 invasion ref 1

  1971 invasion ref 1

  tribal invasion ref 1, ref 2

  language ref 1

  military aid to ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  and Nehru ref 1

  nuclear programme ref 1, ref 2

  and Partition and Independence ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7

  instability ref 1

  and ‘princely India’ ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11

  reasons for Partition ref 1, ref 2

  refugees of ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Patel and ref 1

  and the Rann of Kutch ref 1, ref 2

  reabsorption of ref 1

  ruling class ref 1

  sterling balance ref 1

  and the United States ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7

  weapons programme ref 1

  see also East Pakistan; West Pakistan Pakistan People’s Party ref 1

  Pakistani army ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11

  Pakistani rupee ref 1

  Palestine ref 1, ref 2

  Palit, Major General D. K. ref 1

  Palkhivala, Nani ref 1

  Panch Pandava ref 1

  Panchayati Raj (local self-government) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Panchen Lama ref 1, ref 2

  Panchjanya (journal) ref 1

  Pandavas ref 1

  Pandit, Vijayalakshmi ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Pandits ref 1, ref 2

  Panjim ref 1

  Pannikar, K. M. ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Pant, Govind Ballabh ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5