The Billionaire Raj

by James Crabtree

  27. “Janardhan Reddy’s Daughter’s Wedding Invite!,” News Minute/YouTube, October 18, 2016 (https://youtu.be/​3TgCeDmE6UI) (accessed December 29, 2017).

  28. Harish Upadhyay, “Hampi Temple Replica, 50,000 Guests: A Wedding Bengaluru Is Talking About,” NDTV, November 15, 2016.

  29. Parul Bhandari, “Inside the Big Fat Indian Wedding: Conservatism, Competition and Networks,” The Conversation, January 13, 2017.

  30. Amit Roy, “£30m Wedding Bill as Bollywood Comes to France,” The Telegraph, June 2, 2004.

  31. Preethi Nagaraj, “Janardhan Reddy’s Spending on Daughter’s Wedding Is as Strategic as Extravagant,” Hindustan Times, November 16, 2016.

  32. James Crabtree, “The Monday Interview: Prashant Ruia, Group Chief Executive of Essar,” Financial Times, March 17, 2013.

  33. “The Essar Group” and “Corporate Profile,” Essar website, 2014.

  34. Gupta et al., “India Financial Sector: House of Debt Revisited.”

  35. “Default Options,” The Economist, February 3, 2000.

  36. Appu Esthose Suresh and Ritu Sarin, “Essar Leaks: French Cruise for Nitin Gadkari, Favors to UPA Minister, Journalists,” Indian Express, January 27, 2015.

  37. Krishn Kaushik, “Doing the Needful,” The Caravan, August 1, 2015.

  38. Kathrin Hille and James Crabtree, “Rosneft Buys Stake in Essar Oil Refinery in India,” Financial Times, July 9, 2015.

  39. Naazneen Karmali, “Road to Riches,” Forbes, December 4, 2010.

  Chapter 10: More Than a Game

  1. Tim Wigmore, “India–Pakistan Final: Will a Billion People Watch the Champions Trophy Final?” ESPN Cricinfo, June 17, 2017.

  2. Raina and Chaudhary, “Television Broadcasting in India.”

  3. “IPL Brand Value Doubles to USD 4.13 Billion,” NDTV Sports, March 23, 2010.

  4. “Cricket, Lovely Cricket,” The Economist, July 31, 2008.

  5. Rahul Bhatia, “Mr. Big Deal,” Tehelka, May 20, 2006.

  6. Suveen Sinha, “Lalit Modi: People like Mr. Srinivasan May Come and Go but IPL Will Continue to Flourish,” Business Today, May 6, 2014.

  7. Samanth Subramanian, “The Confidence Man,” The Caravan, March 1, 2011.

  8. Matt Wade, “The Tycoon Who Changed Cricket,” The Age, March 8, 2008.

  9. Bhatia, “Mr. Big Deal.”

  10. Astill, The Great Tamasha.

  11. Hawkins, Bookie Gambler Fixer Spy, p. 52.

  12. “ ‘Slapgate’ a Thing of the Past for Sreesanth, Harbhajan,” Indian Express, October 25, 2010.

  13. Gideon Haigh, “The Men Who Sold the World,” Cricket Monthly, October 2015.

  14. Rahul Bhatia, “Beyond the Boundary,” The Caravan, August 1, 2014.

  15. Mukul Kesavan, “An Emirate and Its Subjects,” The Telegraph, January 29, 2015.

  16. “Srinivasan Promises Fair Investigation,” ESPN Cricinfo, May 26, 2013.

  17. Booth, Wisden’s Cricketers’ Almanack 2012.

  18. “Srinivasan Sticking On as BCCI Boss ‘Nauseating,’ ” Hindustan Times, March 26, 2014.

  19. Ramachandra Guha, “An Indian Century,” The Caravan, October 1, 2014.

  20. “Frankly Speaking with N. Srinivasan: Part 1,” Times Now/YouTube, October 9, 2013 (https://youtu.be/​rXtWehl4J8k) (accessed January 2, 2018).

  21. “IPL 2013 Spot-Fixing Controversy: Full Text of N. Srinivasan’s Press Conference in Kolkata,” Press Trust of India, May 26, 2013.

  Chapter 11: The Nation Wants to Know

  1. @NorthernComd.IA, “#JKOps Please Find a Statement Attached on the Operation at Uri in J&K,” Twitter, September 18, 2016.

  2. “India Election Update: Last Week Tonight with John Oliver (HBO),” Last Week Tonight/YouTube, May 18, 2014 (https://www.youtu.be/​8YQ_HGvrHEU) (accessed January 30, 2018).

  3. A.A.K., “Why India’s Newspaper Business Is Booming,” The Economist, February 22, 2016; “Master List of Permitted Private Satellite TV Channels as on 31:05.2017,” National Informatics Centre, May 31, 2017.

  4. “IRS 2014 Topline Findings,” Readership Studies Council of India, 2014.

  5. “Mukesh Ambani Praises Arnab Goswami during Interview with Shekhar Gupta in NDTV,” Financial Express, November 1, 2016.

  6. Madhu Purnima Kishwar, “When News Programs Become Kangaroo Courts, Part I: An Open Letter to Arnab Goswami,” Manushi, 2012.

  7. Painter, ed., India’s Media Boom.

  8. Rahul Bhatia, “Fast and Furious,” The Caravan, December 1, 2012.

  9. Ninan, The Turn of the Tortoise, p. 106.

  10. Bhatia, “Fast and Furious.”

  11. Rajdeep Sardesai, “Life in a 24*7 Coop,” India Today, December 11, 2014.

  12. Ninan, “Indian Media’s Dickensian Age.”

  13. “India : Threat from Modi’s Nationalism,” Reporters without Borders, 2017. Pakistan ranks 139th and Bangladesh ranks 146th respectively, on the 2017 report.

  14. Gaurav Laghate, “TV Viewers in India Now Much More than All of Europe’s,” Economic Times, March 3, 2017.

  15. Ken Auletta, “Citizens Jain,” The New Yorker, October 8, 2012.

  16. Ashish K. Mishra, “Inside the Network18 Takeover,” Livemint, June 25, 2014.

  17. Harveen Ahluwalia, “Times Group Serves Arnab Goswami Notice on Using ‘Nation Wants to Know,’ ” Livemint, April 18, 2017.

  18. “This Is Arnab Goswami. I Am Here as Promised. Ask Me, What Redditors Want to Know!” Reddit, April 27, 2017.

  19. Sadanand Dhume, “A Tahrir Square Moment in India,” YaleGlobal Online, April 18, 2011.

  20. “MP Rajeev Chandrasekhar Biggest Investor in Arnab Goswami’s Republic?” Business Standard, January 13, 2017.

  21. Ramanathan S., “Arnab’s Republic of Investors: Who Is Funding Goswami and What That Means,” News Minute, January 13, 2017.

  22. ANI, “News Traders Dance on Congress’s Tune: Modi,” Business Standard, April 30, 2014.

  23. “PM Modi on Frankly Speaking with Arnab Goswami: Exclusive Full Interview,” Times Now/YouTube, June 27, 2016 (https://youtu.be/​892N6hiRpUM) (accessed January 3, 2018).

  24. “This Is Arnab Goswami.”

  25. “India : Threat from Modi’s Nationalism.”

  26. C. P. Surendran, “India Is Arnab and Arnab Is India,” The Wire, July 28, 2016.

  Chapter 12: The Tragedies of Modi

  1. “Iconic Race Course Road Renamed as Lok Kalyan Marg,” Press Trust of India, September 21, 2016.

  2. “#PMSpeaksToArnab: Read Full Text Here,” Times Now, June 27, 2016.

  3. In 2014, India’s GDP per capita was $1,573 according to the World Bank. The GDP per capita for China and Malaysia was $7,683 and $11,184 respectively. “GDP per Capita (Current US$): Data,” World Bank, 2014.

  4. Parag Gupta and Gaurav Rateria, “Technology: The Millennials Series—The Disruptive Wave in the World’s Seventh Largest Economy,” Morgan Stanley, February 19, 2017. In 2017, India was classified by the World Bank as a lower-middle-income nation; see “New Country Classifications by Income Level: 2017–2018,” The Data Blog, World Bank, January 7, 2017.

  5. “Indian Economy to Reach $5 Trillion by 2025, Says Report,” Livemint, February 21, 2017.

  6. Phongpaichit, “The Thai Economy in the Mid-1990s.”

  7. Hausmann et al., “Growth Accelerators.”

  8. Asit Ranjan Mishra, “India to See Severe Shortage of Jobs in the Next 35 Years,” Livemint, April 28, 2016.

  9. Mohan Guruswamy, “1.7 Billion Indians by 2050: Much Food for Thought,” Deccan Chronicle, May 31, 2017.

  10. “Tryst with Destiny Speech Made by Pt Jawaharlal Nehru,” Indian National Congress, August 13, 2016.

  11. Kishore Mahbuba
ni, “One Year of Narendra Modi Govt: Bold Moves on World Stage,” Indian Express, May 29, 2015.

  12. McKean, Divine Enterprise, p. 71.

  13. Devesh Kapur, “And Now, (Modestly) Good News,” Business Standard, April 9, 2012.

  14. Mahim Pratap Singh, “Jawaharlal Nehru Erased from Rajasthan School Textbook, Congress Angry,” Indian Express, May 26, 2016.

  15. “Text of Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi’s Address to the Indian Community at Madison Square Garden, New York,” Press Information Bureau, Prime Minister’s Office, Government of India, September 28, 2014.

  16. Poornima Joshi, “The Organizer,” The Caravan, April 1, 2014.

  17. Patrick French, “The ‘Shah’ of BJP’s Game Plan Who Wants to Alter India’s Political Culture,” Hindustan Times, July 17, 2016.

  18. “After 3 Months in Jail, Amit Shah Out on Bail,” Indian Express, October 30, 2010.

  19. Varshney, “India’s Watershed Vote.”

  20. Mukul Kesavan, “What about 1984? Pogroms and Political Virtue,” The Telegraph, July 26, 2013.

  21. “PM Modi in Fatehpur: If There Is Electricity during Ramzan, It Should Be Available on Diwali Too,” Indian Express, February 20, 2017.

  22. Mihir Swarup Sharma, “In Modi and Amit Shah Speeches, the 2 Sides of the BJP,” NDTV, June 16, 2016.

  23. “General Election 2014: Partywise Performance and List of Party Participated,” Election Commission of India website (http://eci.nic.in/​eci_main1/​GE2014/​Party_Contested_GE_2014.xlsx) (accessed January 3, 2018).

  24. Rupam Jain Nair, “India’s Modi to Observe Strict Fast during Maiden Trip to US,” Reuters, September 22, 2014.

  25. “Rahul Gandhi Tears into Modi’s ‘Suit-Boot Ki Sarkar,’ ” Times of India, April 21, 2015.

  26. Suryatapa Bhattacharya, “Modi’s Famous Pinstripe Suit Sells for $690,000 at Auction,” Wall Street Journal, February 20, 2015.

  27. Amy Kazmin, “Narendra Modi Continues to Ride Wave of Popularity as India’s PM,” Financial Times, November 16, 2017.

  28. Ellen Barry, “Modi’s Yoga Day Grips India, and ‘Om’ Meets ‘Ouch!,’ ” New York Times, June 15, 2015.

  29. James Crabtree, “Arvind Subramanian, Economic Adviser to Narendra Modi,” Financial Times, May 10, 2017.

  30. “IT + IT = IT: PM Narendra Modi Devises New Equation,” Times of India, May 10, 2017.

  31. Suhasini Haidar, “India for Israel, Says Modi; Force against Bad: Netanyahu,” The Hindu, July 6, 2017.

  32. Narendra Modi had thirty-seven million followers at @narendramodi in December 2017.

  33. Zahir Janmohamed, “The Rise of Narendra Modi,” Boston Review, June 28, 2013.

  34. “#PMSpeaksToArnab: Read Full Text Here.”

  35. “Dressing Down,” Business Standard, July 23, 2014.

  36. Price, The Modi Effect, pp. 247–48.

  37. Mihir Sharma, “Jobs Are Modi’s Central Mission, and He’s Failing,” Bloomberg, May 26, 2017.

  38. “Doing Business in India,” World Bank Group, 2017. India stood at 142nd in the rankings when Modi took office. By 2017 it had risen to 130th place.

  39. P. Vaidyanathan Iyer, “Modi May Be an Agent of Change, but He Has to Reshape an Entire Ocean,” Indian Express, December 22, 2015.

  40. “Most of India’s State-Owned Firms Are Ripe for Sale or Closure,” The Economist, June 1, 2017.

  41. Debroy et al., Getting India Back on Track, p. 41.

  42. Khilnani, The Idea of India, ch. 1.

  43. James Crabtree, “If They Kill Even One Hindu, We Will Kill 100!,” Foreign Policy, March 30, 2017.

  44. James Crabtree, “Forget Brexit. Rexit Is the Real Problem,” Foreign Policy, June 22, 2016.

  45. “Tolerance and Respect for Economic Progress: Full Text of Raghuram Rajan’s Speech at IIT-Delhi,” Times of India, October 31, 2015.

  46. “Raghuram Rajan ‘Mentally Not Fully Indian,’ Sack Him, Subramanian Swamy Writes to PM Modi,” Times of India, May 17, 2016.

  47. Victor Mallet, “India’s Top Judge Thakur Pleads for Help with Avalanche of Cases,” Financial Times, April 25, 2016.

  48. “Courts Will Take 320 Years to Clear Backlog Cases: Justice Rao,” Times of India, March 6, 2010.

  49. Michael Barbaro, “Bloomberg’s Bullpen: Candidates Debate Its Future,” New York Times, March 22, 2013.

  50. Ramachandra Guha, “Are We Becoming an Election Only Democracy?” Hindustan Times, November 29, 2015.

  51. Fareed Zakaria, “The Rise of Illiberal Democracy,” Foreign Affairs, November–December 1997.

  52. Shashi Tharoor, “Tharoor on Modi’s Mid-Term: Parivar Haunts PM’s Sabka Vikas Agenda,” The Quint, November 22, 2016.

  53. Crabtree, “If They Kill Even One Hindu, We Will Kill 100!”

  54. Gurcharan Das, “Was Voting for the BJP a Risk Worth Taking? Three Years On, Jury’s Out,” Times of India blog, June 4, 2017.

  Conclusion: A Progressive Era?

  1. James Crabtree, “Mumbai Takes to the Skies with New Airport Terminal,” Financial Times, January 10, 2014.

  2. Rajat Rai, “Modi: The Rich Need Pills to Go to Sleep after Demonetisation Move,” India Today, November 15, 2016.

  3. Manjeet S. Pardesi and Sumit Ganguly, “India and Oligarchic Capitalism,” The Diplomat, April 26, 2011.

  4. “Data Shows Only 1% of Population Pays Income Tax, Over 5000 Pay More Than 1 Crore,” Press Trust of India, May 1, 2016.

  5. James Crabtree, “Has Narendra Modi Cleaned Up India?” Prospect, April 23, 2015.

  6. Coralie Pring, “People and Corruption: Asia Pacific—Global Corruption Barometer,” Transparency International, 2017.

  7. Paul Collier, “The C-Word: Paul Collier on the Future of Corruption,” Times Literary Supplement, July 11, 2017.

  8. James Crabtree, “Modi’s Money Madness,” Foreign Affairs, June 16, 2017.

  9. “Global Infrastructure Outlook: Infrastructure Investment Needs—50 Countries, 7 Sectors to 2040,” Oxford Economics, July 2017.

  10. Huntington, Political Order in Changing Societies, p. 1.

  11. Klitgaard, Controlling Corruption, p. 24.

  12. Ben W. Heineman Jr., “In China, Corruption and Unrest Threaten Autocratic Rule,” The Atlantic, June 29, 2011.

  13. Pratap Bhanu Mehta, “Seven Sins of Hubris,” Indian Express, June 5, 2014.

  14. Francis Fukuyama, “What Is Corruption?” Research Institute for Development, Growth and Economics, 2016.

  15. For an excellent introduction to the topic of state capacity, see: Kapur et al., eds., Rethinking Public Institutions in India.

  16. Huntington, Political Order in Changing Societies, p. 1.

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