The Writers: A History of American Screenwriters and Their Guild

by Miranda J. Banks

  Lee, Spike: Do the Right Thing (1989, AAn), Malcolm X (1992, with Arnold Perl), 25th Hour (2002)

  Lehman, Ernest: Sabrina (1954, with Billy Wilder and Samuel Taylor, AAn, WGAA), The King and I (1956, WGAA), Sweet Smell of Success (1957, with Clifford Odets), North by Northwest (1959, AAn, WGAAn), West Side Story (1961, AAn, WGAA), The Sound of Music (1965, WGAA), Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (1966, AAn, WGAA), Laurel Award (1972), WGAw president (1983–1985)

  Leight, Warren: Law & Order: Criminal Intent (2001–2011), Jablow Award (2006), In Treatment (2008–2011, Humanitas Prize), Lights Out (2011)

  Lenard, Kay: Ma and Pa Kettle at Home (1954), Father Knows Best (1954–1960), Combat! (1962–1967), Day of Our Lives (1965–present, EA, WGAAn)

  Lesser, Frank: The Colbert Report (2005–present, EA, WGAA)

  Levien, Sonya: State Fair (1933, with Paul Green, AAn), The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1939), Ziegfeld Girl (1941, with Marguerite Roberts), Laurel Award (1953), Oklahoma! (1953, with William Ludwig, WGAAn), Interrupted Melody (1955, with William Ludwig, AA)

  Levine, Ken: M*A*S*H (1972–1983, with David Isaacs, EAn, WGAAn), Cheers (1982–1993, with David Isaacs, EAn, WGAA), Frasier (1993–2004, with David Isaacs, EAn)

  Levinson, Chris: Law & Order (1990–2010), Dawson’s Creek (1998–2003), Touch (2012–2013)

  Levinson, Richard: My Sweet Charlie (1970, with William Link, EA), Columbo (1971–2003, with William Link, EA, WGAAn), That Certain Summer (1972, with William Link, EAn, WGAA), Murder, She Wrote (1984–1996, creator with William Link and Peter S. Fischer), Laurel Award (1986, with William Link)

  Levitt, Alfred L., and Helen Levitt (as Tom and Helen August while blacklisted, credit restored 1997): The Misadventures of Merlin Jones (1964), The Monkey’s Uncle (1965), That Girl (1966–1971), Cox Award (1995), blacklisted

  Lilly, Courtney: Arrested Development (2003–2006, WGAAn), Everybody Hates Chris (2005–2009, WGAAn), My Boys (2006–2010), The Cleveland Show (2009–2013)

  Link, William: My Sweet Charlie (1970, with Richard Levinson, EA), Columbo (1968–2003, with Richard Levinson, EA, WGAAn), That Certain Summer (1972, with Richard Levinson, EAn, WGAA), Murder, She Wrote (1984–1986, creator with Richard Levinson and Peter S. Fischer), Laurel Award (1986, with Richard Levinson), The Boys (1991)

  Livier, Ruth: Ylse (2008–2010, web series, creator)

  Loh, Sandra Tsing: Clueless (1996–1999), Chicken Little (2005, additional dialogue)

  Loos, Anita: Intolerance (1916, with D. W. Griffith), The Women (1939, with Jane Murfin), Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953, with Joseph Fields and Charles Lederer)

  Lord, Stephen: Death Valley Days (1952–1970), CHiPs (1977–1983), Fantasy Island (1977–1984)

  Love, Jasmine: Moesha (1996–2001), The District (2000–2004), The Division (2001–2004)

  Lubitsch, Ernst: Trouble in Paradise (1932, with Samson Raphaelson and Grover Jones), To Be or Not to Be (1942, with Edwin Justus Mayer), Honorary AA (1947)

  Lucas, George: American Graffiti (1973, with Gloria Katz and William Huyck, AAn, WGAAn), Star Wars: A New Hope (1977, AAn, WGAAn), Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981, WGAAn)

  Ludwig, William: Love Crazy (1941, with David Hertz and Charles Lederer), Oklahoma! (1954, with Sonya Levien, WGAAn), Interrupted Melody (1955, with Sonya Levien, AA), Davies Award (1973), Cox Award (1976), North Award (1992)

  Lynch, David: The Elephant Man (1980, with Christopher DeVore and Eric Bergren, AAn, WGAAn), Blue Velvet (1986, WGAAn), Twin Peaks (1990–1991, creator with Mark Frost, EAn), Mulholland Drive (2001)

  MacDougall, Ranald: Mildred Pierce (1945, AAn), Objective, Burma! (1945, with Alvah Bessie and Lester Cole), Westinghouse Playhouse (1961, creator), WGAw president (1971–1973), North Award (1974)

  Macpherson, Jeanie: The Cheat (1915, with Hector Turnbull), Male and Female (1919), The Ten Commandments (1923), AMPAS co-founder

  Mahin, John Lee: Captains Courageous (1937, with Marc Connelly and Dale Van Every, AAn), Show Boat (1951, WGAAn), Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison (1957, with John Huston, AAn, WGAAn), Laurel Award (1958)

  Maltz, Albert: The Naked City (1948, with Malvin Wald, WGAAn), Broken Arrow (1950, with Michael Blankfort as front, credit restored 1991, AAn, WGAA), The Robe (1953, with Philip Dunne, credit restored 1997), Two Mules for Sister Sara (1970), blacklisted

  Mankiewicz, Herman J.: Dinner at Eight (1933, with Frances Marion), Citizen Kane (1941, with Orson Welles, AA), The Pride of the Yankees (1942, with Jo Swerling, AAn)

  Mankiewicz, Joseph L.: Alice in Wonderland (1933), A Letter to Three Wives (1949, AA, WGAA), All About Eve (1950, AA, WGAA), The Barefoot Contessa (1954, AAn, WGAAn), Laurel Award (1963)

  Mann, Michael: Vega$ (1978–1981, creator), The Jericho Mile (1979, EA), Thief (1981), Manhunter (1986), Heat (1995), The Insider (1999, with Eric Roth, AAn, Selvin Award, WGAAn), Humanitas Prize (2000), Ali (2001, with Gregory Allen Howard, Stephen J. Rivele, Christopher Wilkinson, and Eric Roth)

  Manoff, Arnold: Man from Frisco (1944, with Ethel Hill), Casbah (1948, with Leslie Bush-Fekete), You Are There (1953–1957, uncredited), Naked City (1958–1963, pseudonym Joel Carpenter), blacklisted

  Marcus, Ellis: Lux Video Theatre (1950–1959), I Led Three Lives (1954–1956), Ben Casey (1961–1966, WGAAn), Knots Landing (1981–1982)

  Marion, Frances: The Son of the Sheik (1926, with Fred De Gresac), The Big House (1930, AA), The Champ (1931, AA), Dinner at Eight (1933, with Herman J. Mankiewicz), The Prize-fighter and the Lady (1933, AAn), Camille (1936, with Zoe Akins and James Hilton)

  Markes, Larry: McHale’s Navy (1962–1966), For Love or Money (1963, with Michael Morris), The Dean Martin Comedy Hour (1965–1974)

  Marshall, Garry: The Odd Couple (1970–1975, creator), Happy Days (1974–1984, creator), Laverne & Shirley (1976–1983, creator), Davies Award (1995), Laurel Award (2014)

  Martel, Jay: TV Nation (1994–1995), The Awful Truth (1999–2000), Key & Peele (2012–present, EAn, WGAAn)

  Marx, Christy: Jem (1985–1988), Conquests of Camelot: The Search for the Grail (1989, video game), Hypernauts (1996, creator with Ron Thornton), The Legend of Alon D’ar (2001, video game), Animation Award (2000)

  Marx, Samuel: Society Doctor (1935, with Michael Fessier), Duel in the Jungle (1954, with T. J. Morrison), Naked City (1958–1963)

  Mathis, June: Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse (1921), Blood and Sand (1922), Greed (1924, with Erich von Stroheim), Ben Hur: A Tale of the Christ (1925, with Lew Wallace, Carey Wilson, and Bess Meredyth)

  Mathison, Melissa: The Black Stallion (1979, with Jeanne Rosenberg and William D. Wittliff), E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982, AAn, WGAA), Kundun (1997)

  Maugham, W. Somerset: Trio (1950, with Noel Langley), Somerset Maugham Hour (1960–1963, stories)

  May, Elaine: A New Leaf (1971, WGAAn), Heaven Can Wait (1978, with Warren Beatty, AAn, WGAA), The Birdcage (1996, WGAAn), Primary Colors (1998, AAn, WGAAn)

  Mazin, Craig: Scary Movie 4 (2006, with Jim Abrahams and Pat Proft), The Hangover Part II (2011, with Scot Armstrong and Todd Phillips), Identity Thief (2013)

  McCall, Mary C., Jr.: Craig’s Wife (1936), SWG president (1942–1944 and 1951–1952), The Fighting Sullivans (1944, with Edward Doherty and Jules Schermer), The Millionaire (1955–1960), Davies Award (1962), Gilligan’s Island (1964–1967), North Award (1985)

  McCall, Ross: Just Shoot Me! (1997–2003), The Andy Dick Show (2001–2003)

  McGuinness, James K.: A Girl in Every Port (1928, with Howard Hawks and Seton I. Miller), A Night at the Opera (1935), Rio Grande (1950, WGAAn)

  McKenna, Aline Brosh: The Devil Wears Prada (2006, WGAAn), 27 Dresses (2008), Annie (2014, with Will Gluck and Emma Thompson)

  McNutt, Patterson: Curly Top (1935, with Arthur J. Beckhard), Come Live with Me (1941)

  Meadow, Herb: The Lone Ranger (1949–1957), Have Gun—Will Travel (1957–1963, creator with Sam Rolfe), The Virginian (1962–1971, WGAAn)

  Medford, Harold: Berlin Express (1948, WGAAn), The Damned Don’t Cry (
1950, with Jerome Weidman), Mannix (1967–1975)

  Mendelsohn, Carol: Melrose Place (1992–1999), CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (2000–present, WGAAn), CSI: Miami (2002–2012, creator with Ann Donahue and Anthony E. Zuicker)

  Meredyth, Bess: Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ (1925, with Lew Wallace, June Mathis, and Carey Wilson), Wonder of Women (1929, with Marian Ainslee, AAn), The Mark of Zorro (1940, with John Taintor Foote and Garrett Fort), AMPAS co-founder

  Monaster, Nate: The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show (1950–1958), The Donna Reed Show (1958–1966), That Touch of Mink (1962, with Stanley Shapiro, AAn, WGAA), WGAw president (1963–1965), Cox Award (1984)

  Morris, Edmund: Colt .45 (1957–1960), Lawman (1958–1962), Walk on the Wild Side (1962, with John Fante)

  Moss, Carlton: The Negro Soldier (1944, documentary short), Frederick Douglass: The House on Cedar Hill (1953, documentary short)

  Moss, Frank L.: Caribbean (1952, with Edward Ludwig), Lassie (1954–1974), M Squad (1957–1960), Combat! (1962–1967)

  Murray, John Fenton: The Mickey Rooney Show (1954–1955), McHale’s Navy (1962–1966), The Bugaloos (1970–1972)

  Neuman, E. Jack: Twilight Zone (1959–1964), Mr. Novak (1963–1965, creator), The Blue Knight (1973), Police Story (1973–1978, developed for television), Petrocelli (1974–1976, developed for television), Voices Within: The Lives of Truddi Chase (1990)

  Niblo, Fred, Jr.: The Criminal Code (1931, with Seton I. Miller, AAn), The Fighting 69th (1940, with Norman Reilly Raine and Dean Riesner), Convicted (1950, with William Bowers and Seton I. Miller)

  Nichols, Dudley: The Informer (1935, AA), SWG president (1937–1938), Bringing Up Baby (1938, with Hagar Wilde), Stagecoach (1939), The Bells of St. Mary’s (1945), Scarlet Street (1945), Pinky (1949, WGAAn), Laurel Award (1954)

  Norman, Marc: The Killer Elite (1975, with Stirling Silliphant), Cutthroat Island (1995), Shakespeare in Love (1998, with Tom Stoppard, AA, WGAA)

  North, Edmund H.: In a Lonely Place (1950, with Andrew Solt), The Day the Earth Stood Still (1951), Davies Award (1967), Patton (1970, with Francis Ford Coppola, AA, WGAA), Cox Award (1975)

  Nugent, Frank S.: Fort Apache (1948, WGAAn), She Wore a Yellow Ribbon (1949, with Laurence Stallings, WGAAn), The Quiet Man (1952, AAn, WGAA), Mister Roberts (1955, with Joshua Logan, WGAA)

  Oboler, Arch: Escape (1940, with Marguerite Roberts), Five (1951, WGAAn), Bwana Devil (1952)

  Odets, Clifford: Humoresque (1946, with Zachary Gold), The Country Girl (1954, play, with George Seaton), Sweet Smell of Success (1957, with Ernest Lehman)

  Oppenheimer, Jess: I Love Lucy (1951–1957, creator, EAn), Get Smart (1965–1970), Laurel Award (1992, with Bob Carroll and Madelyn Pugh Davis)

  Ornitz, Samuel: It Could Happen to You! (1937, with Nathanael West), Little Orphan Annie (1938, with Budd Schulberg and Endre Boehm), Three Faces West (1940, with F. Hugh Herbert and Joseph Moncure March), SWG founding member, blacklisted

  Oxenberg, Jan: Once and Again (1999–2003), Cold Case (2003–2010), Parenthood (2010–present), Pretty Little Liars (2013–present)

  Palmer, Michael Oates: The West Wing (1999–2006), Shark (2006–2008), Rubicon (2010)

  Palumbo, Dennis: Welcome Back, Kotter (1975–1979), My Favorite Year (1982, with Norman Steinberg, WGAAn)

  Parker, Dorothy: A Star Is Born (1937, with Alan Campbell and Robert Carson, AAn), Saboteur (1942, with Peter Viertel and Joan Harrison), Smash-Up: The Story of a Woman (1947, with Frank Cavett and John Howard Lawson, AAn), blacklisted

  Pascal, Ernest: SWG president (1935–1937), Lloyd’s of London (1936, with Walter Ferris), Wee Willie Winkie (1937, with Julien Josephson), The Hound of the Baskervilles (1939)

  Perry, Joyce: Mosquito Squadron (1969, with Donald S. Sanford), Search for Tomorrow (1974, WGAAn), Land of the Lost (1974–1977), Fantasy Island (1977–1984)

  Petrie, Daniel, Jr.: Beverly Hills Cop (1984, with Danilo Bach, AAn), Toy Soldiers (1991, with David Koepp), WGAw president (1997–1999 and 2004–2005), Combat Hospital (2011, creator with Jinder Chalmers and Douglas Steinberg), Cox Award (2013)

  Pierson, Frank: Cool Hand Luke (1967, with Donn Pearce, AAn), Dog Day Afternoon (1975, AA, WGAA), WGAw president (1981–1983 and 1993–1995), Presumed Innocent (1990, with Alan J. Pakula), Davies Award (1991), Laurel Award (1992), North Award (1999), AMPAS president (2001–2005), Cox Award (2006), Mad Men (2007–present)

  Platten, John Zuur: Fear Effect (2000, video game), Venom (2005, with Flint Dille and Brandon Boyce), Transformers: The Game (2007, video game, with Flint Dille)

  Polanski, Roman: Rosemary’s Baby (1968, AAn, WGAAn), The Tenant (1976, with Gérard Bach), Carnage (2011, with Yasmina Reza)

  Polonsky, Abraham: Body and Soul (1947, AAn), Force of Evil (1948, with Ira Wolfert), You Are There (1953–1957, uncredited), Odds Against Tomorrow (1959, with Nelson Gidding, with John O. Killens as front, credit restored 1997), Monsignor (1982, with Wendell Mayes), blacklisted

  Powell, Richard M.: The Andy Griffith Show (1960–1968), Gomer Pyle: USMC (1964–1969), Hogan’s Heroes (1965–1971), Cox Award (1994)

  Presnell, Robert R., Sr.: The Real Glory (1939, with Jo Swirling), Meet John Doe (1941, with Robert Riskin and Richard Connell, AAn), Perry Mason (1957–1966)

  Rabe, David: I’m Dancing as Fast as I Can (1982), Casualties of War (1989), The Firm (1993, with Robert Towne and David Rayfiel)

  Rader, Peter: Waterworld (1995, with David Twohy)

  Rand, Ayn: Love Letters (1945), The Fountainhead (1949)

  Rapf, Maurice: Song of the South (1946, with Dalton S. Raymond and Morton Grant), The Detective (1954, with Thelma Schnee and Robert Hamer, credit restored 1998), blacklisted

  Raphaelson, Samson: The Jazz Singer (1927, play), Trouble in Paradise (1932, with Grover Jones), The Merry Widow (1934, with Ernest Vajda), The Shop Around the Corner (1940), Suspicion (1941, with Joan Harrison and Alma Reville), That Lady in Ermine (1948, WGAAn), Laurel Award (1977), blacklisted

  Rapp, Joel: McHale’s Navy (1964–1966), The Donna Reed Show (1964–1965), Gilligan’s Island (1966–1967)

  Reiner, Carl: Caesar’s Hour (1954–1957), The Dick Van Dyke Show (1961–1966, creator, EA, WGAAn), The 2000-Year-Old Man (1975, with Mel Brooks), Dead Men Don’t Wear Plaid (1982, with George Gipe and Steve Martin), Laurel Award (1995), Davies Award (2009)

  Reisman, Del: Playhouse 90 (1956–1961), Peyton Place (1964–1969), Six Million Dollar Man (1974–1978), WGAw president (1991–1993), Cox Award (1999)

  Renoir, Jean: La Grande Illusion (1937, with Charles Spaak), The Rules of the Game (1939, with Carl Koch), The Southerner (1945, with Hugo Butler), Honorary AA (1975)

  Rhimes, Shonda: The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement (2004, with Gina Wendkos), Grey’s Anatomy (2005–present, creator, WGAA), Private Practice (2007–2013, creator), Scandal (2012–present, creator)

  Rintels, David W.: Scorpio (1973, with Gerald Wilson), WGAw president (1975–1977), Washington: Behind Closed Doors (1977, creator), Davies Award (1980), Andersonville (1996, WGAAn), Laurel Award (1997), Cox Award (2003)

  Riskin, Victoria: My Antonia (1995), WGAw president (2001–2004), Davies Award (2009)

  Rivera, Jose: Eerie, Indiana (1991–1992, creator with Karl Schaefer), The Motorcycle Diaries (2004, AAn, WGAAn), The 33 (2014, with Mikko Alanne, Michael John Bell, and Craig Borten)

  Rivkin, Allen: Dancing Lady (1933, with P. J. Wolfson), Dead Reckoning (1942, with Oliver H. P. Garrett and Steve Fisher), The Eternal Sea (1955), Davies Award (1963), Cox Award (1972)

  Roberts, Ben: White Heat (1949, with Ivan Goff and Virginia Kellogg), Man of a Thousand Faces (1957, with Ralph Wheelwright, R. Wright Campbell, and Ivan Goff, AAn), Mannix (1967–1975), Charlie’s Angels (1976–1981, creator with Ivan Goff)

  Roberts, Ian: Upright Citizens Brigade (1998–2000, creator with Matt Besser, Amy

  Poehler, and Matt Walsh), Key & Peele (2012–present, WGAAn)

  Roberts, Marguerite: Escape (1940, with Arch Oboler),
Ziegfeld Girl (1941, with Sonya Levien), Dragon Seed (1947, with Jane Murfin), True Grit (1969, WGAAn)

  Rodman, Howard: Naked City (1958–1963, WGAA), The Man and the City (1971–1972, creator), Harry O (1973–1976, creator), Laurel Award (1980)

  Rodman, Howard A.: Joe Gould’s Secret (2000), Savage Grace (2007), August (2008)

  Rogers, Howard Emmett: The Mystery of Mr. X (1934), For Me and My Gal (1942, with Richard Sherman, Fred. F. Finklehoffe, and Sid Silvers)

  Rolfe, Sam: The Naked Spur (1953, with Harold Jack Bloom, AAn), Have Gun—Will Travel (1957–1963, creator with Herb Meadow), The Man from U.N.C.L.E. (1964–1967, creator)

  Roos, Don: Hart to Hart (1979–1984), The Opposite of Sex (1998, WGAAn), Marley & Me (2008), Web Therapy (2008–present, web series, creator with Lisa Kudrow and Dan Bucatinsky, EAn), Web Therapy (2011–present, television series, creator with Lisa Kudrow and Dan Bucatinsky)

  Root, Wells: The Prisoner of Zenda (1937, with John L. Balderston and Edward E. Rose), Magnificent Obsession (1954, with Robert Blees), Bat Masterson (1958–1961), SWG founding member

  Rose, Reginald: Studio One in Hollywood (1948–1958, EA), 12 Angry Men (1957, AAn, WGAA), The Defenders (1961–1965, creator, EA), Laurel Award (1987)

  Ross, Arthur A.: Creature from the Black Lagoon (1954, with Harry Essex and Maurice Zimm), The Alfred Hitchcock Hour (1962–1965), The Great Race (1965, with Blake Edwards, WGAAn), Brubaker (1980, with W. D. Richter, AAn)

  Rosten, Leo: The Conspirators (1944, with Vladimir Pozner), The Dark Corner (1946, with Jay Dratler and Bernard C. Schoenfeld), Sleep, My Love (1948, with St. Clair McKelway)

  Rothschild, Erica: Just Shoot Me! (1997–2003), RoboCop: Alpha Commando (1998–1999), Sofia the First (2012–present, EAn)

  Rubin, Stanley: Your Show Time (1949), Macao (1952, with Bernard C. Schoenfeld)

  Ryan, Shawn: Nash Bridges (1996–2001), The Shield (2002–2008, creator, EAn), The Chicago Code (2011, creator)

  Ryskind, Morrie: Animal Crackers (1930), A Night at the Opera (1935, with George S. Kaufman), My Man Godfrey (1936, with Eric Hatch, AAn), Stage Door (1937, with Anthony Veiller, AAn)