Churchill
Page 47
Ireland
Churchill turns down Irish Office 111
Churchill’s policies/views on 2, 79, 85, 127–30, 143, 171–74
Home Rule 85, 104, 127–30, 172
Irish Free State 173, 204
John Spencer-Churchill Lord-Lieutenant of 26–27
loss of British naval bases in 204
membership of Commonwealth 204
support of Irish MPs for Liberal government 104, 129
Irish Free State Bill (1922) 173
Iron Curtain 277, 315
Ironside, General 221
Irwin, Lord 200, 202
Ismay, Major-General Hastings “Pug” 5, 229, 235, 250, 292, 298, 334, 341
Istria 308
Italy
Allied invasion of 294, 302
declares war on British Empire 254
fall of Mussolini 295
invades Albania 220
Second World War 181, 196, 251, 269, 270–71, 274, 291, 294, 303, 305, 307
Jacob, Sir Ian 229, 241, 245, 250, 265, 266, 267–68, 274
James, Revd. J. E. 356
James, Robert Rhodes 364–65, 368
James, Captain W. H. 36, 41
Jameson Raid 47, 74
Japan
Churchill perceives no serious threat in 1930s 196
militarism and expansionism 211
naval superiority 272–73
remote prospect of war with 180–81
rising power of 162
Second World War 6, 181, 272–73, 274, 277–81
attack on Pearl Harbor 264, 278
Churchill favors strike at home islands 308
Churchill unwilling to risk war with (1940) 254
Churchill wants to recover lost colonies from 298
declares war on USA 264
need to bring conclusion to conflict 318–19
Singapore falls to 242, 277–78, 283
threat to Australia 275
threat to British possessions in Southeast Asia and the Far East 274, 277–78, 286
US dominate war against 299
Jebel Surgham 66
Jenkins, Roy 236, 323, 341, 368
Jerome, Leonard 11, 54
Jerome, Mrs. Leonard 10, 11, 40
Jerusalem 171
Jeune, Sir Francis 63
Jews
Arab hostility toward 171
in Manchester 92
Jodhpore 71
Johannesburg 80, 83
Johnson, Colonel Louis 286
Johnson, Paul 368
Jones, Thomas 186
Jutland, Battle of 154
HMS Kelvin 303, 305
Kenya 98, 169, 174
Keynes, John Maynard 179
Khartoum 63, 64, 66
Khyber Pass 58
King, Admiral Ernest 297, 298, 305
Kinsky, Colonel 35
Kitchener, Lord Herbert Horatio 135, 136, 138, 247, 350, 360
army reforms 122
Churchill’s criticism of 73, 80, 149
and Dardanelles campaign 139, 140, 142, 144, 149
in Egypt and Sudan 49, 51, 62–66
as Secretary of State for War 138
Kristallnacht 221
labor exchanges 105, 106
Labor Party
achievement of postwar governments 332–34
against rearmament 210
Churchill criticizes government of 331–32
Churchill’s parliamentary attacks on 199, 317
distrust of Churchill 165, 184, 200
emergence of 87
growing support for 174
Liberal government dependent on support of (Jan. 1910) 111
wartime support for Churchill 244
wins 1923 election 176
wins 1929 election 185–86
wins 1945 election 317, 318, 325
labor relations 156
Ladysmith, siege of 75, 80
Lancashire Hussars 75
Langworth, Richard 367, 368
Lansbury, George 218
Lansdowne, Lord 51
Lavery, Sir John 225
Layton, Elizabeth 266, 267
League of Nations 182, 210–11, 211, 217, 313
Leicester 176
Lend-Lease scheme 22, 261, 262, 276, 307
Lenin, V. I. 164
Lennox-Boyd, Alan 335
Leslie, Ann 92, 102
Liberal Party
Churchill joins (1904) 87, 90–91
Churchill lacks personal following in 143
Churchill wins Northwest Manchester for 92
Churchill’s sympathies for 85
December 1910 election 113
decline of 175, 175–76
discuss coalition with Conservatives 113
end of coalition government 174
form coalition government 143, 154
and free trade 199
landslide victory in 1906 election 90, 92
social reforms 105–11
weakened position in January 1910 election 111
Libya 276
Licensing Bill 107
Liddell Hart, Basil 368
Life magazine 341, 345
Lindemann, Frederick 23, 214, 215, 228, 243, 270, 368
Linlithgow, Lord 286
Liverpool 108
Ljubljana Gap 306
Lloyd George, David 109, 113, 114, 115, 137, 158, 160, 202, 227, 236, 243–44, 245, 368
becomes Prime Minister 154–55
and Churchill’s Russian policy 165–66
end of Coalition government 174–75
gives Churchill Colonial Office 168
Irish policy 171, 172
and postwar Coalition government 161, 162
relationship with Churchill 85, 87, 90, 91, 105, 106, 123–24, 154–55, 165–66, 174
resignation 174
turns down wartime Cabinet position 240
wants Churchill back in government 154–55
Local Government Board 100
Locarno Pact 180, 182
Lockhart, Sir William 58, 61
London
the Blitz 21, 259, 268–69
as target for Luftwaffe 214
London Season 48, 55
Lothian, Lord 21, 261
Louis of Battenburg, Prince 138
Louis, William Roger 369
Lourenço Marques 78
Luck, General 39
Luftwaffe 210, 214, 251, 253, 257, 258–59, 268
Lugard, Lady 96
Lugard, Lord 96
Lyttelton, Oliver 284
Lytton, Lady 224
Lytton, Lord 101, 224
MacArthur, General Douglas 290
MacDonald, Ramsay 176, 186, 199, 200, 205, 207, 208, 217
McGowan, Norman 1, 370
Machine Gun Corps 157
McKenna, Reginald 110, 116
Mackenzie King, William 243
McKibbin, Ross 325
McMahon Act (1946) 337
Macmillan, Harold 206, 220, 291, 300, 334, 339, 353, 354
Macready, General Neville 114
Mafeking, relief of 81
Maginot Line 221, 251
Malakand Field Force 58, 59, 73
Malakand Pass 57
Malaya 274, 276, 279, 285, 298
Malaysia 336
Malta 97, 274, 284, 295, 303, 312
Malvern College 20
Mamund Valley 57
Manchester
Churchill as Liberal candidate for Northwest 92
Churchill loses by-election (1908) 100–101, 102
Manchester, William 368
Marder, Arthur 299
Margaret, Princess 23
Marlborough 223
Marlborough, Dukes of see Churchill; Spencer-Churchill
Marlborough, Mary 23
Marrakech 292, 302, 303
Marsh, Edward 94, 222, 370
Marshall, General George 286, 296, 305
Marshall Aid 332
Martin, Colonel 64
> Masterman, Charles 103, 108
Masterman, Lucy 107
Matabeleland 49
Mediterranean
British naval forces in 125, 125, 139
Second World War 251, 254, 271, 273, 274, 278, 287, 288, 289, 291, 294, 296, 299, 301, 302, 305, 308
Meerut 61
Menzies, Sir Robert 368
Middle East 168–72, 174, 254, 270, 273, 275, 278, 289, 290, 295, 298, 309
military expenditure 180
Milner, Sir Alfred 80, 94, 95, 96, 360
miners 183, 185
Miners’ Federation 183
Mines Act 112
Minimum Standard policy 105
Ministry of Aircraft Production 258
Ministry of Defense 245
Ministry of Munitions 156–59, 248
Ministry of Supply 219
Moir, Phyllis 360
Mombasa 97
Monte Cassino, Battle of 303
Montebello Islands 337
Montgomery, Field Marshal Bernard 19, 288, 290, 305, 315, 342, 343
Moran, Lord 177, 191, 250, 280, 282, 283, 284, 286, 287, 288, 291, 299, 301, 302, 309, 310, 316, 318, 319, 326, 330, 338, 339, 350, 351, 356, 358–59, 364, 370
Morley, John 37, 87, 109
Morning Post 63, 69, 70, 79, 80, 108, 155, 162, 164, 207
Morocco 281
Morton, Desmond 243, 254
Moscow 289, 292, 303, 309, 310, 348
Mountbatten, Admiral Lord Louis 248, 297, 298, 308, 331, 354
Moyne, Lord 203, 207, 224
Mulberry harbors 233, 304
Munich, RAF attack 21
Munich Agreement 218, 219, 221
Mussolini, Benito 220, 295, 315
mustard gas 157, 167
mutinies 163
Naples 306
Napoleon 257
Narvik 234
Natal 75, 96
national government 200, 244
National Health Service 333
National Liberal Club 132
nationalism 161
Egyptian 170
Indian 200, 205, 284, 286
Irish 204
nationalization 105, 333
Naval War Staff 124
Nazi regime 120
Churchill and rise of 195, 196, 198, 208–12, 218–19, 227, 232
to be no peace with 256–57
see also Germany; Second World War
Nehru, Jawaharlal 202, 286
Nel, Elizabeth 370
Nelson, Horatio 35, 354
Netherlands 251, 252, 303
New York 45–46, 180
New York Times 261
Newcastle 109
News of the World 222
Nichols, Beverley 313
Nicolson, Harold 213, 219, 230, 240, 281–82, 370
Nile, River 64, 65, 66, 68
Niven, David 22
Norfolk, Duke of 354, 356
Norman, Montagu 179
North Africa, Second World War 254, 255, 269, 271, 272, 281, 287–94, 299
North Atlantic, British ships in 125, 131
North Sea, British ships in 125
Norway
German invasion 251
Norwegian Campaign 233–36
Norwich 108
Nowshera 56
nuclear deterrence 348
nuclear tests 336–37
Nuneham House 14, 17
the Observer 136
Octagon Conference 307
Ogden-Reed, Mrs. 285
oil, middle Eastern 169, 170, 273, 331
old age pensions 106, 108
Oldham 107
Churchill contests 1899 by-election 72, 77
Churchill wins seat in 1900 election 82–83
constituency disowns Churchill 90
Omdurman, Battle of 50, 64–68, 350
Onassis, Aristotle 324, 350, page 8 of insert
Operation Barbarossa 276
Operation Battleaxe 272
Operation Culverin 297
Operation Dragoon 306, 308
Operation Dynamo 252
Operation Habbakuk 233
Operation Hope Not 354
Operation Husky 293
Operation Overlord 296, 304, 309
Operation Sealion 258
Operation Torch 281, 288, 289, 290
Oran 242, 255
Orange Free State 74, 80
Ottawa 276, 281, 335
Ottoman Empire 141, 142
defeat of 169
former provinces of 169, 170, 171
Owen, Frank 283
Oxfordshire 8, 20, 352–53
Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry 20–21
Pacific, war in the 281, 297, 298, 301, 303, 308, 318
Pakistan 336
Palestine 168, 169, 171, 336
Pall Mall Gazette 96
Paris 311
Parkin, G. R. 35
Parliament Act (1911) 107–8
Passchendaele 157
Pathan tribesmen 55, 57
Pax Britannica 26, 98, 118
Pearl Harbor 264, 278
Pelling, Henry 10, 368
People’s Budget 91, 106, 111, 112, 350
Persia 168
Persia and Iraq Command 289
Persian Gulf 170
Peshawar 61
Pétain, Marshal Philippe 253
phony war 233, 236, 343
Pim, Richard 302
Pitt, Barrie 294
Pitt, William, the Younger 354
Placentia Bay, Newfoundland 263, 279
Ploegstreet 150
Plowden, Pamela 101
Plumb, J. H. 8, 368
poison gas 6, 157, 167
Poland 221, 231, 242, 250
postwar position of 312
Second World War forces 290
Soviet treatment of 277, 309, 314
polo 50, 54, 61, 71, 85, 91
Poona 50
Poona Light Horse 50
Port of London Act 109
Port Said 55, 97
Portal 247, 296
Portland 131
Portuguese East Africa 77, 78
Potsdam Conference 303, 319
Pound, Admiral Sir Dudley 229, 298, 320
poverty 109
Powell, Enoch 238
Pownall, Lieutenant General Sir Henry 341
Prague 221
Pretoria 76, 80–81, 83
Primrose League 70
HMS Prince of Wales 242, 263, 264, 279, 281, 303
Prior, Robin 369
prison reform 112
Prohibition 187
protectionism 89, 90, 175, 199
Quadrant Conference 295–96
Quebec Agreement 319
Quebec Conference 250, 263, 265, 275, 292, 295, 296, 303, 307, 309, 312
Queen Mary 293, 303, 307
Queen’s Own Oxfordshire Hussars 16–18, 147, 355
radar 216
railway strike (1910) 114
Rangoon 284
rearmament, inter-war 208, 209, 210, 211
Reid, Walter 369
HMS Renown 303, 309
HMS Repulse 279, 281
Reverse Lend-Lease 262
Reves, Emery 350
Reynaud, Paul 212, 253, 254
Reynolds, David 369
Rhodes 296, 301
Rhodes, Cecil 47
Rhondda Valley 114
Riddell, Sir George 143
Ridley, Lord and Lady 100
Ritchie, Major General Neil 288
River War 64–68, 73
Roberts, Andrew 363
Roberts, Lord 59, 80, 360
Rome 55
Rome, Treaty of 337
Rommel, General Erwin 271
Roosevelt, Franklin D. 22, 254, 256, 257, 261, 262, 267, 275, 278, 283, 295, 296, 298, 305, 308, 319, 368
Churchill warns about postwar power of Soviet Union 310
illness and death 314, 315, 316
interference in India 284–86
rejects united Anglo-American approach to Stalin 1
relationship with Churchill 279, 284–85, 287, 291–92, 293, 300–301, 312
and war in North Africa 281, 287, 288, 290
Rose, Michael 368
Rosebery, Lord 37, 40, 88, 350
Roskill, Stephen 135, 138, 141, 142, 229, 320
Rothenstein, Sir John 351
Rothermere, Lord 199, 207
Rothschild family 47
Rowan, Leslie 356
Rowntree, Seebohm 109
Royal Academy 344–45, 350–51
Royal Air Force
Battle of Britain 251
Battle of France 251
Churchill and infancy of 166–67, 209
and Dunkirk evacuations 252–23
limitations of 210, 211, 214–15
strategic bomber offensive 270
strength in 1940 257, 258
Royal Marines 135, 137
Royal Military Academy (Sandhurst) 36, 37–41
Royal Naval Air Service 124
Royal Naval Division 135
Royal Navy 72, 86
battleship-building program 110
budget under Churchill’s Chancellorship 180–82
Churchill as First Lord of the Admiralty 116, 117, 118–45, 226–36
Churchill’s love of 120
Churchill’s reform of 122–23, 124
First World War
actions and blunders 133
Churchill prepares for 131–33
on eve of 115, 116, 119, 121, 132
need to cooperate with Army 116, 122–23, 132, 234, 236
no longer able to guarantee Britain’s security 214
Second World War
actions 273, 289, 302
Churchill seeks daring role for 228–29, 232
Dunkirk evacuations 252–53
importance in build-up to 209, 226–27
role in 228–229, 232, 282–83
threat of German invasion 258
Royal Naval Air Service 135
HMS Royal Oak 232
Royal Scots Fusiliers 147
Rumania 310
Russia
British attempt to aid in Dardanelles 139
civil war 163–66
Germany declares war on (1914) 131
imperialism 57
see also Soviet Union
St. George’s School, Ascot 30–31
St. Helier, Lady Blanche 65, 101–2, 103
St. Paul’s Cathedral 353, 354, 355
Salisbury, Lord 13, 27, 32, 43, 63, 73, 83, 90, 91
Salisbury Hill 102
Samuel, Sir Herbert 171
San Tropez 306
Sancti Spíritus (Cuba) 46
Sandhurst see Royal Military Academy
Sandys, Celia 368
Sandys, Duncan 327
Santa Clara (Cuba) 46
Sassoon, Siegfried 159
Saturday Review 73
Sawyers (valet) 265, 359
Scapa Flow 229, 232, 262
Scharnhorst 282, 302
Scobie, General Ronald 311
Scott, Captain Percy 82
Scottish Unionists 332
Second World War 20–21, 226–321
1941 269–76
1944 and road to victory 303–15
Allied planning 286–303
Battle of Britain 257–59