Lives in Ruins
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Gilmore, Joanna, 22, 25, 32–33, 89–94
Glacial Lake Iroquois, 204, 205
glass: artifacts, 21, 24, 27, 100, 140; knapping of, 38
Goat Island, Rhode Island, 111
goats, 44, 46, 63
Goddess Temple, Niuheliang, China, 75, 80, 82
gold artifacts, 4, 91
gold rushes, 95, 96
Google Maps, 93
Gotlieb, Howard, 233n
Gould, Richard, 176
government funding. See federal funding
grants, 75, 86, 87, 88, 124, 173, 202–3, 227
graves and burial grounds, 7–8, 17, 26, 31, 46; African American, 161–62; China, 80, 83; Deadwood, South Dakota, 96; Dolní Věstonice, 48, 49; Ethiopia, 40; faux Muslim, 207; Fishkill, 155–74; Jericho, 47; New York City, 161–62; Peru, 237; pirates’, 111; as source for beverage recipes, 69, 71n; World Heritage sites, 232
gray literature, 106, 118
Great Britain, 18, 103, 105, 110, 185. See also British Museum; England; English Heritage
Greece, 17, 124, 126–27, 134–54; ancient, 124–26, 138, 148–50, 151
Greek Orthodox Church, 150
Greenlee, Diana, 8–9
grog, 70, 72
“ground proof,” 166
“ground truthing,” 112
guessing games, 145–46
Gulf War, 194, 195–96
Haas, Jonathan, 227, 238–39
Hadjisavvas, Sophocles, 139
Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict, 127, 192, 193
hair-dragging, staged, 143
hair of mummies, 4, 5
hairiness of archaeologists (sexist typology), 81
hand-axes. See axes
Hannus, L. Adrien, 9–11, 239–40
Han River, South Korea, 78–79
Hatza, Ani, 180, 181
Haudenosaunee, 210–11
Hawaii, 111, 189, 212
health: of ancient humans, 46–47; of archaeologists, 11, 15–16, 39, 92, 117, 175, 239; of Revolutionary War soldiers, 156, 157, 171
hearths, 57, 80, 204n, 210
Heyerdahl, Thor, 131, 133
historical markers. See monuments and markers
historical reenactors, 165, 168, 173–74
historic buildings, demolition of, 96, 97–98
historic preservation, 86–87, 167. See also military cultural resources management
Historic Preservation Act of 1966. See National Historic Preservation Act of 1966
History Channel, 126, 127
Hitchens, Christopher, 125
“hobbits.” See Homo floresiensis
Hofman, Corinne, 22, 27–30, 31, 35
homicide investigation, 178–86
hominins, 37–67. See also human and hominin remains
Homo erectus, 37, 39, 42, 49, 51, 88
Homo floresiensis, 39, 51
Homo heidelbergensis, 42, 49, 50, 51
Homo neanderthalensis. See Neandertals
Homo sapiens, 39, 40; naming of cultures, 53; narrative in, 44; Natufians, 53–54; Neandertal connections, 49–50, 54–57; ochre use, 48; success of, 52
Honen Dalim, 25–26
“honey beer,” 69, 70, 71, 72
Hongshan culture, 75, 82–84
Hoogland, Menno, 27–28
Huayna Picchu, 225, 235
human ancestors. See hominins
human and hominin remains, 32, 160; buried pigs as, 181–86; Ethiopia, 40; Fishkill, 155, 163; forensics, 175, 182–85; Japan, 236; post– 9/11, 175–77, 178, 189; Saba, 28; St. Eustatius, 26; Washington State, 160–61. See also mummies; skeletons; skulls
The Human Career (Klein), 53
The Humans Who Went Extinct (Finlayson), 52
hunting: by hominins, 37, 51, 55; not by John Shea, 39
husband-and-wife archaeologists. See archaeologist couples
Hussein, Saddam, 194
Hyakinthides, 125–26
ICAHM. See International Committee on Archaeological Heritage Management (ICAHM)
Ice Age, 41, 54–59, 65
illicit antiquities trade. See looting and looted artifacts
illustration of artifacts, 137, 146
Incan ruins, 219–26, 230, 234, 235
independent archaeology centers. See Rhode Island Marine Archaeology Project (RIMAP); St. Eustatius Center for Archaeological Research (SECAR)
Indiana Jones (fictional character), 127–30
Indiana Jones and the Ultimate Quest, 126, 127
Indians of North America. See Native Americans
Indonesia, 39, 51
inebriation, 68, 69; of nonhuman animals, 71
insects and spiders, 31–32, 34
intellectual property, 102
International Committee of the Blue Shield, 194
International Committee on Archaeological Heritage Management (ICAHM), 93, 220, 225, 236
intoxication. See inebriation
Iraq, 191–92, 198, 199, 201, 203, 207, 208, 213; deadly cultural misunderstanding, 214–15; Shanidar Cave, 52, 54
Iraq War veterans, incineration of bodies of, 169
Ireland, 4–6
Iroquois. See Haudenosaunee
Isaac, Glynn, 39
islands, Caribbean, 18–26
islands, Greek, 17, 124, 126–27, 131, 134–54
Israel, 39, 50
ivory, 21, 27, 48, 49
Jackson, Richard, 194
Jacobs, Michael: Andes, 221
jade pendants, 75, 82–84
Japan, 236
jargon, 59
Jefferson, Thomas, 8
Jericho, 46–47
Jews, 18, 25–26, 96
job prospects. See employment prospects
Jordan, 15, 39, 62, 69, 81
Kane, Susan, 193
Kennewick Man, 160–61n
Kidder, Alfred, 81n
“killer bees,” 31–32
Korea, 76, 77, 78–79, 80–81
Korean language, 78
Lady Hao, 80, 81
Lake George, New York, 105–6
Lake Iroquois. See Glacial Lake Iroquois
lamb, barbecued, 66, 69
lambs, butchering of, 63–66
landfills. See garbage and garbage dumps
landowners, 26, 159–60, 165, 167, 168, 172, 173, 230–31
landscape evolution. See geomorphology
language, classification and naming in. See classification and naming
language, Korean. See Korean language
language, technical and arcane. See acronyms; jargon
law and legislation, 26, 87, 96–97, 112, 127, 160n, 188
League of Women Voters, 118
Leakey, Richard, 39–40
Leraysville, New York, 208
La Liberté (ship), 109
libraries, 62, 129
Libya, bombing of, 193, 194–95, 196
Lichfield, England, 90–94
lidar, 1, 235
Lima, Peru, 236–37
“liquid pound cake,” 72
lithics. See stone tools
livestock, 105, 108; unusual uses for, 181–86. See also goats
Long Island, 41–42
looting and looted artifacts, 7, 25, 82–84, 103, 112, 127, 151, 196; in films, 128; Iraq, 191–92, 198
Lord Sandwich (ship), 109–10, 112, 116
Louisiana, 8–9
Lucas, George, 128; Star Wars, 150
luck. See chance and luck
Lüth, Friedrich, 222
Lynch, Kerry, 112
Machu Picchu, 137, 219–26, 234, 235
Mali, 197
malls, abandoned, 155, 156
Malta, 233–34
mammoth (animal), 47, 49
manchineel trees, 23
maps and mapping, 29, 33, 78, 93; in crime investigation, 179, 180, 182–83; Fort Drum, 204, 207; George Washington’s 157; James Cook role, 103, 111; lidar, 1; New York City, 161, 162n; online, 93; playing cards, 197; 3-D, 29, 19
7; underwater, 222
marine archaeology, 101–19
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 49–50
Maxwell Museum of Anthropology, 16
Mayans, 230
McGovern, Patrick, 68–73
McPhee, John, 180–81
mead. See “honey beer”
media. See films; news media; television
Melancon, Tim, 194–95, 197
Mellon Foundation. See Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
Memphis, Tennessee, 44, 77, 79, 85
microbrewers and microbrews, 70, 71, 72
Midas, King of Phrygia, 69–70
Midas Touch beer, 70, 71, 72
Middle Ages, 91, 92
Middle East, 46–47, 52, 69, 133, 202. See also Iraq; Israel; Jordan
military bases, 101, 102, 116, 212. See also Fort Drum, New York
military cultural resources management, 190–216
“mitigation,” 160, 161, 188
Mohawks, 210–11
monks, Greek Orthodox, 145, 150
Montagne, Renee, 199
Montagu, Caroline, Countess of Sandwich, 115, 116–17
Montagu, John, 4th Earl of Sandwich, 115–16
Montagu, John, 11th Earl of Sandwich, 115–17
Monte Verde site, Chile, 45n
monuments and markers, 157, 163, 164
“Monuments Men and Women” (World War II), 191, 198
Moran, Kimberlee Sue, 179–86
Moseley, Michael, 238–39
motor vehicles: antique, 170–71; excavated as material culture, 233; filled with farm animals and exploded, 185; old and failing, 101, 102, 115
mounds, 201, 227. See also burial mounds; tells (mounds)
movies. See films
mummies, 4–7, 231–32, 239
“Mummies of the World” (exhibit), 6
mummified heads, Nasca. See “trophy heads,” Nasca
museums, 58; amateur, 186–88; England, 87, 92, 135, 151; Fishkill, 156, 157, 165, 168, 173; funding, 86, 87; Greece, 147; Iraq, 191– 92, 198; Ireland, 4–6; Netherlands Antilles, 21–22; New Mexico, 16; Rhode Island, 105; Seattle, 161n; U.S. Army, 171
NAGPRA. See Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA)
nails and spikes, 25, 30–31; from coffins, 155, 163
naming. See classification and naming
narrative, problematic nature of, 44–45
Nasca people, 229, 230
National Endowment for the Humanities, 87
National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, 87
National Museum of Iraq, 191–92, 198
National Museum of Ireland—Archaeology, 4–6
National Park Service, 86, 164, 167, 200
National Register of Historic Places, 158, 164, 208
National Science Foundation, 88
Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA), 127, 160n Native Americans, 7–11, 16, 187, 188, 239; beads, 162; mounds, 7–8, 77, 221–22; New York State sites, 200, 203, 204, 205, 210–11; US Army relations, 210–12
Native Hawaiians, 212
NATO. See North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
Natufians, 53–54
Nazca Lines, 229, 230
“Neandertal” (word), 37, 43, 55n
Neandertals, 37–38, 41, 48, 49–51, 52, 53n, 54–55, 61; in fiction, 54, 56, 57
Negishi, Yo, 220, 224–25, 236
Nelson, Sarah Milledge, 74–82, 84
“Neolithic” (word), 46
Neolithic era, 10, 46, 70, 79. See also Hongshan culture
Netherlands, archaeological digs in, 28
Netherlands Antilles, 18–36
New Jersey, 59n, 169, 178–86
New Mexico, 16
Newport, Rhode Island, 101–19
news media, 1–2, 192n, 198, 199, 200, 227
New York City, 123–27, 130–33; African Burial Ground, 161–62, 163; September 11, 2001, attacks, 175–77, 178, 189; ship in landfill, 160
New York State, 105. See also Fishkill Supply Depot, New York; Fort Drum, New York
New York State Historic Preservation Office, 158, 166, 172
New York University, 123–27, 134, 143n
New Zealand, 103, 110
nipples: as condition of being king, 5
North American cultures, pre-Clovis. See pre-Clovis cultures (North America)
North American Indians. See Native Americans
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 194
no-strike lists. See bombing targets, no-strike lists
novels, 54–59, 80–81, 119, 179
NYU. See New York University
observation without judgment, 45
obsidian, 47, 64
ochre, 48
Ohio, 221–22
Old Croghan Man, 5
Omo Kibish, 40, 62n
“oracle bones,” 80, 81
Oranjestad, St. Eustatius, 18, 20, 21–22, 25, 89
ordnance, 114, 207
Ötzi the Iceman, 232
paleoanthropology and paleoarchaeology, 37–67
Paleoanthropology Society, 60
paleoethnobotany, 162
“Paleolithic” (word), 46, 59
Paleolithic era, 41, 47–49, 222; in fiction, 54–59
Palisades Museum of Prehistory, 186–88
Pallas Athena. See Athena
paperwork, 178. See also artifacts: logging of
Parthenon, 125–26, 133
pay, 85, 86, 113, 117, 178
Paranthropus, 51
peat bog bodies. See “bog bodies”
pemmican, 11
penises, trophy, 132
Perdikaris, Sophia, 176
Persian Gulf War, 1990–91. See Gulf War
Peru, 17, 26–27, 219–31, 234–40; government of, 225
Peters, George Marshall, 146
petroglyphs, 188, 189
Philadelphia, 68–76
“pig dragons” (Hongshan pendants), 75, 82–84
pigs, buried in lieu of humans, 181–86
piko holes, 189
Pine Barrens, New Jersey, 178–86
pin flags, 178, 179, 180, 182
pipes. See tobacco pipes
Plains Indians, 9–11, 239
playing cards. See cultural heritage playing cards
plunder, 191–92, 196, 199
Pompeii, 97, 232
porcelain, 21, 210
Portrait of a Priestess: Women and Ritual in Ancient Greece (Connelly), 124
postholes, 27
post-processualists, 128
pottery, 33; disparaged, 99; Dolní Věstonice, 48; invention of (in fiction), 56; Greece, 17; Japan, 236; Nasca, 229; Native American, 9, 11; pulled out by amateur, 178; St. Eustatius, 19, 21, 24, 25, 28, 35–36; Yeronisos, 140, 148. See also amphorae
Poverty Point earthworks, 8–9
pre-Clovis cultures (North America), 98
prehistoric art. See art, prehistoric
preservation. See collections: access and preservation; historic preservation
preservation law versus salvage law. See salvage law versus preservation law
Preserving Heritage in the Caribbean (Siegal and Righter), 26
Primitive Technologies (Shea class), 66
private property, 167–68, 172. See also landowners; real estate development
protection of cultural property in wartime. See wartime protection of cultural property
pseudoscience and fraud, 130, 229–30
Ptolemy XV. See Caesarion
Puerto Rico, 20
Pursuit, Jaime, 197n
Putnam, Israel, 167
pyramids, Peruvian, 26–27, 237–38
quarries, 147–48
radar, 24, 75
radiocarbon-dating. See carbon-dating
Rand, Ayn, 177
real estate development, 155, 172, 230–31, 236
reenactors. See historical reenactors
Register of Professional Archaeologists
, 164–65
Reichs, Kathy: “Bones” Brennan series, 179
religion, 124, 125–26, 139, 149, 150
replica sites, military use of, 207–8
reverse engineering, 70
Revolutionary War, 18, 107–8, 155–69, 171–74; ships and shipwrecks, 101, 103, 109–10, 116
Rhode Island Marine Archaeology Project (RIMAP), 101–19
RKLOG Press, 81
Roach, Mary: Stiff, 180
rock. See stone
Roman Empire, 134, 138
Roosevelt, Teddy, 131
ruins, Incan. See Incan ruins
rum, 21, 27, 34
Rumsfeld, Donald, 192
Rush, Laurie, 198–216
Russell, John, 199
Rutgers Pinelands Field Station, 179
Rutsch, Ed, 161, 162n
SAA. See Society for American Archaeology (SAA)
Saba (island), 28
St. Eustatius (island), 18–36, 88–90, 93
St. Eustatius Center for Archaeological Research (SECAR), 17–36, 89
St. Maarten (island), 29
St. Thomas (island), 26
saliva in fermentation of beverages, 71
salvage law versus preservation law, 112
Sandy, Bill, 155–71, 173
satellite photography, 236
Save America’s Treasures, 86
Schleswig, Germany, 6
Schofield, John, 223, 224–25, 232–35
Schumer, Chuck, 167
Screwtape Letters (Lewis), 60–61
scuba diving, 104, 105
SECAR (St. Eustatius Center for Archaeological Research). See St. Eustatius Center for Archaeological Research (SECAR)
September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks: recovery of remains, 175–77, 178, 189
sex, contemporary: “in the field,” 62, 80
sex, prehistoric: in fiction, 57n
sexism, 80, 81, 104–5, 130
screening of excavated material, 24, 34, 162
Shady Solís, Ruth, 226–28, 236, 238–39
shamans, women, 55, 80
Shanidar Cave, Iraq, 52, 54
Shanidar: The First Flower People (Solecki), 61–62
Shea, John, 37–54, 58–59, 60–67, 85
shells, 31, 47
ships: found in landfill, 160; sunken, 17, 100, 101, 103, 104, 109–18
sifting. See screening of excavated material
silver artifacts, 91
Silverman, Helaine, 228–29, 230–31, 232
Sinamai, Ashton, 220, 224–25
Sint Eustatius. See St. Eustatius (island)
site contamination, 178, 180, 182
site destruction. See demolition of historic sites and buildings
site secrecy, 164
skeletons, 32; China, 83; Dolní Věstonice, 48, 49; Yeronisos, 148–50
skulls, 35; crystal, 130; Georgia (country), 39, 88; gifts of, 32; infants’, 28; Jericho, 47; Omo Kibish, 40; part-eaten, 51; size of, 43
slaves, 17, 20, 21, 23; burial grounds, 26, 31. See also freedpeople