44. Pad 28, December 16, 1977.
45. Ahmed Aboul Gheit interviews, October 2, 2013, and October 7, 2013.
46. Sam Lewis, ADST interview.
47. Meir Rosenne interview, June 17, 2013.
48. Boutros Boutros-Ghali, Egypt’s Road to Jerusalem, 45.
49. William Quandt, interviews with the author, September 12, 2013, and October 4, 2013.
50. Clayton Fritchey, “What Derailed the Middle East Talks Last January?” The Washington Post, July 8, 1978.
51. Office of the Chief of Staff Files, Series: Hamilton Jordan’s Confidential Files; Folder: Administration Review, Goals & Priorities—First Draft of December 1977 Memo, Container 33, Jimmy Carter Presidential Library and Museum, Atlanta, Georgia, www.jimmycarterlibrary.gov.
52. Jimmy Carter, White House Diary, 161.
53. Ibid., 161–2.
54. Jimmy Carter, Keeping Faith: Memoirs of a President (New York: Bantam Books, 1982), 30; Zbigniew Brzezinski, Power and Principle, 243.
55. Rosalynn Carter, interview with the author, August 13, 2014.
56. Jimmy Carter, White House Diary, 169–70.
57. Ibid.
58. Pad 29, February 1, 1978, meeting, and Dinitz top secret cable to Foreign Office, February 1, 1978; Pad 29, February 3, 1978, meeting, and Dinitz top secret cable to Foreign Minister, February 3, 1978.
59. Pad 32, March 7, 1978.
60. Pad 32, March 21, 1978.
61. Pad 31, March 1, 1978; Simcha Dinitz, interview with the author, November 9, 1992.
62. Israeli top secret cable from Israeli Ambassador to the United States Simcha Dinitz to Foreign Minister Moshe Dayan, March 1, 1978.
63. Jimmy Carter, Keeping Faith, 310.
64. Yehuda Avner, The Prime Ministers (Jerusalem, Israel: The Toby Press, 2010), 474–80.
65. Ibid., 480–2; Jimmy Carter, White House Diary, 180.
66. Pad 32, March 22, 1978.
67. Yehuda Avner, The Prime Ministers, 474–82.
68. Pad 32, March 22, 1978.
69. Ibid.
70. Pad 32A, April 18, 1978.
71. Pad 32A, April 28, 1978.
72. Pad 32A, April 30, 1978.
73. Jimmy Carter, White House Diary, 193.
74. Ibid.
75. Pad 33A, May 9, 1978.
76. Pad 33A, May 19, 1978; and memorandum in author’s possession and in the Carter presidential library.
77. George Vecsey, “Carter’s Sister to Shun Hebrew Christian Meeting,” The New York Times, June 3, 1978.
78. Israeli cable by Deputy Chief of Mission to the United States Hanon Bar-On on conversation of White House Legal Counsel Robert Lipshutz to Israeli Knesset Member Yosef Rom April 21, 1978. Archives of Israeli Foreign Ministry.
79. Morris Amitay, interview with the author, July 21, 2014.
80. Pad 32A, April 20, 1978.
81. Israeli top secret cable from Israel’s Deputy Chief of Mission to the United States Hanon Bar-On to Israeli foreign minister Moshe Dayan, April 20, 1978.
82. White House Interview Program, interview with Mark Siegel by Martha Joynt Kumar, January 6, 2000; Mark Siegel, interview with the author, October 20, 1992.
83. Pad 35, June 31, 1978.
84. Robert Shogan, “Many of Mondale’s U.S. Jewish Guests Taken Aback by Tension in Israel,” Los Angeles Times, July 2, 1978.
85. Robert Shogan, “Carter’s Mideast Policies Erode His Jewish Support,” Los Angeles Times, July 3, 1978.
86. Pad 34, June 15, 1978.
87. Walter Mondale, interview with the author, April 3, 1991; unpublished interview of Walter Mondale by his former staff members Dennis Clift, Gail Harrison, and the author, April 2, 2002, in Washington, D.C., in preparation for the Mondale Lectures on Public Service, Dorsey & Whitney, LLP.
88. Pad 35, July 3, 1978.
89. Walter Mondale interview, April 3, 1991.
90. “Fifty Years: The Mondale Lectures on Public Service,” unpublished interview of Walter Mondale by his former staff members, Dennis Clift and Gail Harrison, Washington, D.C., Dorsey & Whitney, LLP, April 2, 2002.
91. Vice President Walter Mondale’s top secret report to President Carter, copy in possession of author; original in the Jimmy Carter Presidential Library and Museum, Atlanta, Georgia, www.jimmycarterlibrary.gov.
92. Walter Mondale, interview with the author, April 3, 1991.
93. Dennis Clift, Vice President Mondale’s national security adviser, quoting from Mondale’s secret report to the president, noted in “Fifty Years: The Mondale Lectures on Public Service,” unpublished, Dorsey & Whitney, LLP, Washington, D.C., April 2, 2002.
94. Sam Lewis, ADST interview.
19. Carter’s Triumph at Camp David
1. Jimmy Carter, White House Diary (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2010), 210.
2. Jimmy Carter, University of Virginia’s Miller Center of Public Affairs interview, Plains, Georgia, November 29, 1982.
3. Camp David 25th Anniversary Forum, The Carter Center and Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Washington, D.C., September 17, 2003; see generally for an excellent account of the Camp David negotiations, Lawrence Wright, Thirteen Days in September: Carter, Begin, and Sadat at Camp David (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2014).
4. Jerry Rafshoon, interview with the author, September 25, 2015.
5. Jimmy Carter, interview with the author, October 30, 1991.
6. Herman Eilts, United States Ambassador to Egypt during the Camp David negotiations, at the Camp David 25th Anniversary Forum, The Carter Center and Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Washington, D.C., September 17, 2003, 20.
7. Jimmy Carter interview, September 27, 2013.
8. Rosalynn Carter, First Lady from Plains (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1984), 238.
9. Rosalynn Carter, interview with the author, August 13, 2014.
10. Jimmy Carter interviews, October 25, 1991, and September 27, 2013.
11. Jerry Rafshoon interview, September 28, 2015.
12. Memorandum for Vice President Mondale from William Quandt, August 13, 1978.
13. Moshe Dayan, Breakthrough: A Personal Account of the Egypt-Israeli Peace Negotiations (New York: Random House, 1981), 155.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid., 157.
16. Boutros Boutros-Ghali, Egypt’s Road to Jerusalem (New York: Random House, 1997), 135.
17. Rosalynn Carter, First Lady from Plains, 237.
18. https://aboutcampdavid.blogspot.com/2012/04/camp-david-summit-1978.html.
19. Boutros Boutros-Ghali, Egypt’s Road to Jerusalem, 142.
20. Sam Lewis, ADST interview.
21. Jimmy Carter interview, September 27, 2013.
22. Ibid.
23. Jimmy Carter, White House Diary, 219.
24. Ibid.
25. Jimmy Carter, Keeping Faith (Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 1995), 240.
26. Jimmy Carter, White House Diary, 223–4.
27. Sam Lewis ADST interview.
28. Jimmy Carter, White House Diary, 222.
29. Ibid.
30. Jimmy Carter, Keeping Faith, 348.
31. Ibid., 360.
32. Rosalyn Carter, First Lady from Plains, 248.
33. “Camp David and U.S. Policy in the Middle East,” CIA document, 11, www.foia.cia.gov/carter-camp-david/docs/carterPublication.pdf.
34. Jimmy Carter, Keeping Faith, 365–6.
35. Jimmy Carter, White House Diary, 217, 229.
36. Ibid., 228.
37. Meir Rosenne, interv
iew with the author, June 17, 2013.
38. Sam Lewis, ADST interview.
39. Meir Rosenne interview, June 17, 2013.
40. Jimmy Carter, Keeping Faith, 370.
41. Yechiel Kadeshai, interview with the author, June 23, 2013.
42. Zbigniew Brzezinski, Power and Principle (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1983), 259.
43. Boutros Boutros-Ghali, Egypt’s Road to Jerusalem, 138.
44. David Rubenstein, interview with the author, May 23, 2013.
45. Jimmy Carter, White House Diary, 230.
46. Ibid.
47. Jimmy Carter, White House Diary, 230.
48. Sam Lewis, ADST interview.
49. Jimmy Carter interview, September 27, 2013.
50. Jimmy Carter, Keeping Faith, 374, 379.
51. Jimmy Carter, White House Diary, 235.
52. Sam Lewis, ADST interview.
53. Ibid.
54. Aharon Barak, interview with the author, May 23, 2013.
55. Jimmy Carter, Keeping Faith, 389.
56. Jimmy Carter, White House Diary, 236.
57. Sam Lewis, ADST interview.
58. Jimmy Carter, White House Diary, 236.
59. Rosalynn Carter, First Lady from Plains, 261; Rosalynn Carter, interviews with the author, July 13, 1993, and August 13, 2014.
60. Jimmy Carter, Keeping Faith, 391.
61. Jimmy Carter, White House Diary, 237.
62. Ahmed Aboul Gheit, interviews with the author, October 2, 2013, and October 7, 2013.
63. Jimmy Carter, White House Diary, 137; Jimmy Carter, Keeping Faith, 392; Jimmy Carter interview, September 27, 2013.
64. Abdel Raouf el-Reedy, interview with the author, October 3, 2013.
65. Nabil Elaraby, interview with the author, October 1, 2013; Jimmy Carter interview, Sept. 27, 2013; Jimmy Carter, Keeping Faith, 391–3.
66. Sam Lewis, ADST interview.
67. Ibid.
68. Jimmy Carter, White House Diary, 238.
69. Walter Mondale, interview with the author, April 3, 1991.
70. Jimmy Carter, White House Diary, 240.
71. Yechiel Kadishai, interview with the author, June 23, 2013.
72. Jimmy Carter interview, September 27, 1993.
73. Simcha Dinitz, interview with the author, November 9, 1992.
74. Aharon Barak interview, May 23, 2013.
75. Harold Saunders, interview with the author, June 21, 1991.
76. Yechiel Kadishai interview, June 23, 2013.
77. Meir Rosenne interview, June 17, 2013.
78. Ahmed Aboul Gheit interview, October 7, 2013.
79. Jimmy Carter, interview with the author, September 27, 2013.
80. Jimmy Carter, White House Diary, 241.
81. Jimmy Carter interview, September 27, 2013.
82. Jimmy Carter, White House Diary, 242.
83. Jimmy Carter, interview, September 27, 2013.
84. Jimmy Carter, White House Diary, 243.
85. Boutros Boutros-Ghali, Egypt’s Road to Jerusalem (New York: Random House, 1997), 149.
86. Elyakim Rubenstein interview, May 22, 2013; Meir Rosenne interview, June 17, 2013.
87. Nabil Elaraby interview, October 1, 2013.
88. “Remarks of the President, President Anwar al-Sadat of Egypt, and Prime Minister Menahem Begin of Israel at the Conclusion of the Camp David Meeting on the Middle East,” September 17, 1978, Public Papers of the Presidents, Jimmy Carter, 1978, Vol. II, 1519–23.
89. President Carter, memorandum to Jerry Rafshoon and Jody Powell, August 3, 1978, Carter Presidential Library, and in author’s possession from Jerry Rafshoon.
90. Author’s conversation with Jerry Rafshoon, September 28, 2015.
91. Collection: Office of the Chief of Staff Files, Series: Hamilton Jordan’s Confidential Files; Folder: Middle East Camp David-Israel/Egypt Talks, 9/78; Container: 35, Jimmy Carter Presidential Library and Museum, Atlanta, Georgia, www.jimmycarterlibrary.gov.
92. Jerry Rafshoon interviews with the author, April 2, 2014, and September 28, 2015.
93. Zalman Shoval, interview with the author, October 4, 2014.
94. Aharon Barak, interview with the author, May 23, 2013.
95. Jimmy Carter, University of Virginia’s Miller Center of Public Affairs interview, 17.
96. Sam Lewis, ADST interview.
97. William Quandt interviews with the author, September 12, 2013, and October 4, 2013.
98. Sam Lewis, ADST interview, 96; Morris Amitay, interview with the author, July 21, 2014.
99. Morris Amitay, interview with the author, July 21, 2014.
100. Jimmy Carter, interview, September 27, 2013.
20. A Cold Peace
1. Ambassador Samuel W. Lewis interview, The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training, Foreign Affairs Oral History Project (referred to as ADST interview), August 9, 1998.
2. Stuart E. Eizenstat memorandum to President Carter, September 19, 1978, with copies to Vice President Mondale and National Security Adviser Brzezinski, copies in possession of author, in author’s files and files on Camp David summit and Middle East issues, National Archives, Washington, D.C., and Carter Presidential Library and Museum, Atlanta, Georgia. President Carter wrote on my memorandum, “All done—or better.”
3. Nabil Elaraby, interview with the author, October 1, 2013.
4. Abdel Raouf el-Reedy, interview with the author, October 6, 2013.
5. Jimmy Carter, interview with the author, September 27, 2013.
6. Harold Saunders, interview with the author, June 21, 1992.
7. Harold Brown, interview with the author, June 6, 1992.
8. Dan Pattir, interview with the author, June 22, 2013; and undated discussion with John Wallach of Hearst newspapers, shortly after the Camp David negotiations were concluded.
9. Cyrus Vance, Hard Choices (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1983), 224–5.
10. Jimmy Carter interview, September 27, 2013, on his view of Begin’s resumption of settlement expansion following Camp David.
11. Harold Saunders interview, June 21, 1992.
12. Sam Lewis, interview with author, May 20, 1992; Sam Lewis, ADST interview, August 9, 1998.
13. See e.g. Roscoe Suddarth, United States Ambassador to Jordan (1987–1990), interview with Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training, Foreign Service Oral Project, (ADST) March 30, 1990.
14. Pad 44, December 18, 1978.
15. Pad 39, September 17, 20, 1978.
16. Pad 39, September 19, 1978.
17. Pad 40, September 22, 1978.
18. Pad 40, September 28, 1978.
19. Pad 40, September 26, 1978.
20. Pad 40, September 26, 28, 1978.
21. Pad 45, January 10, 1979.
22. Pad 41, November 2, 1978.
23. Pad 40, September 26, 1978.
24. Pad 41, November 7, 1978.
25. Pad 42, November 14, 1978.
26. Pad 42, November 16, 1978.
27. Jimmy Carter interview, September 27, 2013.
28. Pad 42, November 14, 1978.
29. Pad 42, November 15, 1978.
30. Cyrus Vance, Hard Choices, 236.
31. Meir Rosenne, interview with the author, June 17, 2013.
32. Meir Rosenne interview, June 17, 2013.
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