Growing Up on the Gridiron
Page 19
CHAPTER NINE: PLAYING THROUGH THE PAIN
1. Julie Scelfo, “Suicide on Campus and the Pressure of Perfection,” New York Times, July 17, 2015, https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/02/education/edlife/stress-social-media-and-suicide-on-campus.html.
2. Scelfo, “Suicide on Campus and the Pressure of Perfection.”
3. “What Is CTE?,” Boston University CTE Center.
4. “Autopsy Report and Death Investigation for Owen Thomas,” Case No. 10–01705, Philadelphia Medical Examiner’s Office, 2010.
5. “Autopsy Report and Death Investigation for Owen Thomas,” Case No. 10–01705.
CHAPTER TEN: TESTIMONY
1. Fainaru-Wada and Fainaru, League of Denial, 198–201.
2. Chris Nowinski, “Can I Have Your Brain? The Quest for Truth on Concussion and CTE,” filmed November 2017, TEDxBeaconStreet, https://www.ted.com/talks/chris_nowinski_can_i_have_your_brain_the_quest_for_truth_on_concussions_and_cte.
3. Alan Schwarz, “N.F.L. Asserts Greater Risks of Head Injury,” New York Times, July 26, 2010, https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/27/sports/football/27concussion.html.
4. Katherine Brearley, testimony before US House Committee on Education and Labor, 111th Cong., 2nd session, at hearing on H.R. 6172, Protecting Student Athletes from Concussions, September 23, 2010, https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CHRG-111hhrg58256/html/CHRG-111hhrg58256.htm.
5. Brearley, testimony before US House Committee on Education and Labor.
6. Brearley, testimony before US House Committee on Education and Labor.
7. Brearley, testimony before US House Committee on Education and Labor.
8. Ann McKee, testimony before US Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, 112th Cong., 2nd session, at hearing on Concussions and the Marketing of Sports Equipment, October 19, 2011, https://www.commerce.senate.gov/2011/10/concussions-and-the-marketing-of-sports-equipment.
9. McKee, testimony before US Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.
10. Fainaru-Wada and Fainaru, League of Denial, 308–10.
11. Centers for Disease Control, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, “Get a Heads Up on Concussions in Sports Policies: Information for Parents, Coaches, School and Sports Professionals,” https://www.cdc.gov/headsup/pdfs/policy/headsuponconcussioninsportspolicies-a.pdf, accessed February 27, 2020.
CHAPTER ELEVEN: DIVINE PROVIDENCE
1. “Penn Football Beats Lafayette—Penn Post-Game Press Conference (Part 1),” Daily Pennsylvanian, September 1, 2010, YouTube, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J32heg65VVo.
2. “Penn Football Beats Lafayette.”
3. Boston University School of Medicine, “Study: Hits, Not Concussions, Cause CTE,” news release, January 18, 2018, https://www.bumc.bu.edu/busm/2018/01/18/study-hits-not-concussions-cause-cte.
CHAPTER TWELVE: CHANGING THEIR MINDS
1. Leavy, “The Woman Who Would Save Football.”
2. Leavy, “The Woman Who Would Save Football.”
3. “Super Bowl Ratings History (1967–present),” SportsMediaWatch.com, https://www.sportsmediawatch.com/super-bowl-ratings-historical-viewership-chart-cbs-nbc-fox-abc.
4. “NFL’s 2013 Protocol for Players with Concussions,” NFL.com, October 1, 2013, http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap2000000253716/article/nfls-2013-protocol-for-players-withconcussions.
5. Bill Bradley, “New NFL Rules: Crown-of-the-Helmet Change to Help Runner, Defender,” NFL.com, September 5, 2013, http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap1000000238662/article/new-nfl-rules-crownofhelmet-change-to-help-runner-defender.
6. “NFL Implements Modifications to League’s Concussion Protocol,” NFL.com, December 24, 2017, http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000897109/article/nfl-implements-modifications-to-leagues-concussion-protocol.
7. Ken Belson, “N.F.L. Agrees to Settle Concussion Suit for $765 Million,” New York Times, August 29, 2013, https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/30/sports/football/judge-announces-settlement-in-nfl-concussion-suit.html.
8. Nicky Bandini, “NFL Concussion Lawsuit Explained,” Guardian, August 29, 2013, www.theguardian.com, https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2013/aug/29/nfl-concussions-lawsuit-explained.
9. Barry Wilner, “First Two Claims in NFL Concussion Settlement Total $9 Million,” Associated Press, June 15, 2017, www.apnews.com, https://apnews.com/ecf1d852200e419dba91eeedcc1a57bd.
10. Ken Belson, “Ivy League to Limit Full-Contact Practices,” New York Times, July 20, 2011, https://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/20/sports/ncaafootball/college-football-to-protect-players-ivy-league-to-reduce-contact.html.
11. “Ivy League Football Limits Full Contact Practices to Reduce Brain Injury,” WHYY.org, July 21, 2011, www.whyy.org, https://whyy.org/articles/ivy-league-football-limits-full-contact-practices-to-reduce-brain-injury.
12. Craig Larson, “Ivy League Coaches Vote to Eliminate Full Contact Practices,” Boston Globe, March 1, 2016, https://www.bostonglobe.com/sports/2016/03/01/ivy-league-coaches-vote-eliminate-full-contact-practices/LNMI86CGdFcnr51ONV7EFN/story.html.
13. Brian Burnsed, “Two-a-Day Q&A,” NCAA Champion Magazine, July 19, 2017, www.ncaa.org, http://www.ncaa.org/champion/two-day-qa.
14. Jon Solomon, “Next Wave of Concussion Lawsuits Hits Conferences and, for Penn State, Schools,” CBSSports.com, May 18, 2016, https://www.cbssports.com/college-football/news/next-wave-of-concussion-lawsuits-hits-conferences-and-for-penn-state-schools.
15. Ralph D. Russo, “Wave of Concussion Lawsuits to Test NCAA’s Liability,” AP News, February 7, 2019, https://APNews.com/4a4ed68e4c3a426abc4e34606ae4a399.
16. Ken Belson and Alan Schwarz, “NFL Shifts on Concussions, and Game May Never Be the Same,” March 15, 2016, New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/16/sports/nfl-concussions-cte-football-jeff-miller.html.
17. Sarah Rimer, “BU Researchers ID Possible Biomarker for Diagnosing CTE during Life,” September 26, 2017, The Brink, http://www.bu.edu/articles/2017/diagnosing-cte-during-life.
18. Rimer, “BU Researchers ID Possible Biomarker for Diagnosing CTE during Life.”
19. “Pop Warner Becomes First National Football Organization to Eliminate 3-Point Stance,” PopWarner.com, February 28, 2019, http://www.northwestpopwarner.org/news/2019/2/28/pop-warner-becomes-first-national-football-organization-to-eliminate-3-point-stance.
20. “National Practice Guidelines for Youth Tackle Football,” USA Football.com, https://assets.usafootball.com/documents/practice-guidelines-youth.pdf.
21. “Number of Participants in Tackle Football in the U.S. from 2006 to 2018,” Statista.com, August 9, 2019, statista.com/statistics/191658/participants-in-tackle-football-in-the-us-since-2006.
22. Ken Belson, Quoctrung Bui, Joe Drape, Rumsey Taylor, and Joe Ward, “Inside Football’s Campaign to Save the Game,” November 7, 2019, New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/11/08/sports/falling-football-participation-in-america.html.
23. Ken Belson, “A Small Town Gave Up Tackle Football. It Came Storming Back,” November 16, 2019, New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/16/sports/youth-tackle-football-marshall-texas.html.
24. James Surowiecki, “Beautiful. Violent. American. The NFL at 100,” New York Times, December 19, 2019.
25. Belson et al., “Inside Football’s Campaign to Save the Game.”
26. National Federation of State High School Associations, “High-School Athletics Participation History.”
CHAPTER THIRTEEN: BUT NOT FORGOTTEN
1. PSFCA Hall of Fame, Class of 2019: Jim Morgans, https://big33.org/psfca-hall-of-fame.
BEACON PRESS
Boston, Massachusetts
www.beacon.org
Beacon Press books are published under the auspices of the Unitarian Universalist Association of Congregations.
© 2020 by Vicki Mayk
All rights reserved
Text design and composition by Kim Arney
Library of Congress Catal
oging-in-Publication Data
Names: Mayk, Vicki, author.
Title: Growing up on the gridiron : football, friendship, and the tragic life of Owen Thomas / Vicki Mayk.
Description: Boston : Beacon Press, 2020. | Includes bibliographical references.
Identifiers: LCCN 2020011375 (print) | LCCN 2020011376 (ebook) | ISBN 9780807021927 (hardcover) | ISBN 9780807021965 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Thomas, Owen, 1988-2010. | Chronic traumatic encephalopathy. | Football—Social aspects—United States. | Football players—Pennsylvania—Biography. | Allentown (Pa.)—Biography.
Classification: LCC GV939.T4445 M39 2020 (print) | LCC GV939.T4445 (ebook) | DDC 796.332092 [B]—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020011375
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020011376