by Craig Nelson
Wright, Mike. What They Didn’t Teach You about World War II. Novato, CA: Presidio Press, 1998.
Wu, Julianne. “Veterans Bonded by Pearl Harbor.” St. Petersburg Times, December 7, 1999.
Zegart, Amy B. Spying Blind: The CIA, the FBI, and the Origins of 9/11. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2007.
Zinnemann, Fred, director, Daniel Taradash, scriptwriter. From Here to Eternity. Columbia Pictures, 1953.
INDEX
A note about the index: The pages referenced in this index refer to the page numbers in the print edition. Clicking on a page number will take you to the ebook location that corresponds to the beginning of that page in the print edition. For a comprehensive list of locations of any word or phrase, use your reading system’s search function.
Abe, Zenji, 103, 141, 188, 193, 197, 247, 297, 312–13, 426–27
Acheson, Dean, 94, 136
advance-knowledge theory about Pearl Harbor attack, 451–52
African-American sailors, 263, 428–29
Ahola, Gus, 181, 183, 226
Aircraft Control and Warning System, 438
Akagi (carrier), 72, 103, 140, 146, 150, 164, 165, 176, 188, 189, 192, 208, 213, 240, 247, 267, 285, 311, 312, 313, 314, 350, 387, 389, 391, 426
Akihito Crown Prince (later Emperor) of Japan, 408, 421, 427
Akui, David, 340
Aldrich, Howard, 273
Aleutian Islands, 144, 208, 351, 363, 371, 385, 386, 390, 426
Alexander, E. H., 378–79
Alien Land Ownership Act (1850), 9
Allen, Eric, 339
Allen, Riley, 293
Allies
Argentia Conference and, 94
first victory for, 382
Hull’s negotiations with Japan and, 123
invasion of North Africa by, 372
New Guinea invasion by, 395
Operation Downfall and, 403
public support for, 52
All Quiet on the Western Front (movie), 223
Amagai, Commander, 189–90
Amano, Masakazu, 403
ambulances, Japanese strafing of, 241
ambulance drivers, 221, 222, 231
American Annexation Club, 9
“American Century, The” (Luce), 430
Americans of Japanese ancestry (AJAs). See also Japanese Americans
number in Hawaii (1941), 15, 82, 423–24
American Volunteer Group (Flying Tigers), 371
ancestor worship, 421
Andaman Islands, 351
Anders, Jimmy, 298
Anderson, John and Delbert, 285–86, 336
Anderson, Walter, 294
Anderson, William, 218
Anglin, Henry and son Hank, 240
Ansel, Walter, 61
Antares (supply ship), 198, 214
Anthony, Dorothy, 181
antiaircraft guns
on Arizona, 6, 287, 288, 332, 363
civilian “forgotten victims of Pearl Harbor” and, 316–17
injuries from shrapnel falling from, 236, 293
Japanese defenses against, 206, 223
Japanese pilots on, 282, 293–94, 297, 312
Japanese planes hit by, 107, 219, 230, 271, 286, 287, 294, 310, 312, 313, 342
makeshift weapons used as antiaircraft guns, 217–18, 234, 237, 239, 243
on Midway
Japanese planes hit by, 387
on Oahu
American planes fired on by, 219–20, 223, 242–43, 310, 337
ammunition, staffing, and readiness problems with, 214, 220, 227, 233, 233n, 236, 237, 239, 257, 267, 281, 286
postwar investigation of, 239, 438, 440, 441
sailors on using, 257, 266, 271, 281, 296, 301, 457, 458, 459, 461
at Tokyo
against US planes, 375, 378, 401
children’s toy versions of guns, 52
in warfare museum, 422
Anti-Comintern Pact, 38, 143
antisubmarine torpedo nets, 60–61, 81, 102, 171, 173, 177, 196–97, 297
Arashi (destroyer), 388
Arcadia Conference (1941), 370
Argentia Conference, 94
Argonne (tender), 180, 257–58, 290, 328
Arizona (battleship), 246, 280–91
attack on and sinking of, 248, 282–83, 284–85, 296, 304, 330, 347, 389
casualties on, 283, 285, 333
description of, 2–3, 6, 16–17, 181
Japanese surveillance of, 16, 247
Medal of Honor recipients on, 456, 458, 460, 461
memorial to, 333, 415–17, 418, 427
powder magazine explosion on, 284–85
removing bodies from, 332
sailors’ experience during attack on, 280–82, 285–90
sailors’ memories of life on, 1–2, 248, 249, 255, 262
salvage of, 332, 336, 361–62, 363
survivors of, 286–90, 335–36, 367, 413, 416–17
witnesses to sinking of, 260, 264–65, 280, 283–84, 285, 290–91, 294, 298, 299–300, 413, 420
Arizona Memorial, 333, 415–17, 418, 427
background to building of, 415–16
cremains of survivors interred in, 416
survivors on visiting, 416–17
as tourism attraction, 417, 418
Arnold, Henry “Hap,” 43, 84, 179, 218, 370, 372, 395
Art, A., 199
Asaka, Yasuhiko, 45
Asher, Nathan, 305–6
Astor, Vincent, 50
Astoria (cruiser), 153
Atlantic Charter, 434
atomic bombings
Hiroshima (1945), 401, 405, 410, 417, 419, 423, 425, 430
later Japanese view of, 417–18, 423
Nagasaki (1945), 401, 404–5, 417, 419, 423
Austin, John, 272–73
Australia, 51, 55, 349, 350, 351, 352, 384, 413
Avery, Guy, 234
back-door-to-war theory about Pearl Harbor attack, 451–52
Backus, E. N., 378–79
Backus, Paul, 266, 267
bacterial warfare, 47
Baker, John, 288, 289
bakuryo officers, in Japanese Army, 48–49, 156
Balch (destroyer), 374
Baldwin, Hanson, 140
Ball, Niles, 256
Ballard, Galen, 2, 7–8, 287
Baltimore (cruiser), 246
Barbary Wars, 54
Barber, Rex T., 395, 396
Barbers Point, Hawaii, 242, 243, 305–6, 308, 309, 339
Barnard, Robert, 219–20
Barr, George, 409
barrage balloon defense, 171, 177, 401
Bataan, Philippines, 349, 351
Bataan (plane), 407
Bat out of Hell (plane), 383, 392
Battleship Row, Pearl Harbor. See also specific battleships: Arizona; California; Maryland; Nevada; Oklahoma; Pennsylvania; Tennessee; West Virginia
battleships in, on morning of attack, 207, 246
eyewitness disbelief over bombing of, 260
Japanese bombing of, 191
Japan’s victory in destroying, 313–14
later use of battleship as museum, 415
as possible target, 183
sunken ships as war graves, 415
battleships
crews of, 7
early use of Pearl Harbor for, 9–10
historical background of, 6–7
role of, 7
Bauer, Arnold “Max,” 328
Bayard, Ralph, 416–17
Beach, Clark, 83
Beal, William, 274
Beasley, John, 258
Beattie, T. T., 264–65
Belgium, German invasion (1940) of, 52
Bell, Joseph, 151
Bellinger, Miriam, 249, 304
Bellinger, Patricia, 249, 303
Bellinger, Patrick, 182, 249, 250, 303, 304–5, 347, 441
failure of American response and, 307
warning of aerial attack on Hawaii and, 13–14, 249
<
br /> Bellows Field, Oahu, 211 (map), 220–21, 234, 238–40, 340, 341
Benham (destroyer), 374
Bennion, Mervyn Sharp, 264, 455
Bergquist, Kenneth, 205, 229
Best, Richard, 389
Betio, Tarawa, Battle of (1943), 398
Bicknell, George, 84–85, 166, 167, 176, 183, 232, 254
Biddle, Francis, 325–26, 358
Biden, Joe, 453
Bikini Atoll, 391
Billingsley, Garnett, 265
Bishop, Samuel, 240
Bitter, Gustav, 401–2
Black, Lex, 200
Black Chamber, 76–77
blackout regulations, 293, 307, 317, 318, 364
Blackwell, Henry, 214–15, 216
Blake, Gordon, 218–19
Blakey, Mrs. Walter, 225
Blanken, John, 246
Bloch, Claude, 61, 123, 168, 182, 200, 280, 414, 441
Blue (destroyer), 305, 306, 307
Bluejacket’s Manual, The, 268
Bogart, Larry, 374
Bonin Islands, 28, 363
Book of the Samurai (Tsunetomo Yamamoto), 48
Borneo, 107, 157, 164, 350, 351, 363
Bostrom, Frank, 221
Bounds, James, 274, 275
Bourgeois, Bob, 368, 374, 376, 381
Braemer, Fred, 378
Brandy (pet dog on ship), 347–48
Bratton, Rufus, 108–9, 168, 169, 175, 179, 193, 194, 279
Breese (ship), 256
Brereton, Lewis, 342–43, 357
Brewer, Charles, 332
Bridge House prison, Shanghai, 392
Brooklyn Navy Yard, 3
Brooks, Roland, 261
Brower, Albert, 16–17
Brown, Carl, 223
Brown, Clyde, 214–15, 216
Brown, Harry, 310
Brown, Wilson, 13, 441
Brumwell, Malcolm, 221–22
Bryan, William Jennings, 142
Bryant, H. L., 177
Buck, Pearl S., 40
Bukowski, Stanley, 262
Bullitt, William Christian, 40
Bundy, Charles, 354
Burford (ship), 276
Burge, Richard, 298
burial of dead after Pearl Harbor attack, 243, 332–33
“unknowns” among, 243, 276, 332, 333
Burke, Wilfred, 225, 227, 228–29
Burma, 53, 153, 161, 164, 165, 351, 363, 371, 385
Burma Road, 150, 153, 155
Burt, William, 239
Burwell, Harvey, 85
Bush, George H. W., 420
Bushido (code of honor), 48, 140, 397, 426
Byard, Ralph, 336
Bywater, Hector C., 28
Cale, Sterling, 332, 414
California
Chinese immigrants (1850s) in, 23
restrictions on Japanese immigrants in, 27–28
California (battleship), 173, 246, 247, 261–62, 283, 293, 294–96, 300, 330, 333, 362, 363, 391, 399, 420, 457, 458, 459
California National Guard, 214–15, 216
Cambodia, 53, 58. See also French Indochina
Campbell, Colin, 295, 298
Camp Malaloke, Honolulu, 216
camps. See detention camps; internment camps
Canada, 94, 115, 164, 342
Capone, Al, 344
Carlton, Dr., 331
Carmichael, Richard, 219, 220
Carolinas, 28
Carson, Carl, 290–91
Carstens, Ed, 262
Cassin (destroyer), 258, 260, 363
Castle, Northrup, 233–34
Celebes (Sulawesi), 107, 350, 351, 363
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 41, 431, 452
Cermak, Anton, 50
Chaffin, Harold “Newt,” 219, 220
Chang, Iris, 45
Chang Tso-lin, 33
Channing, Stockard, 418
Chaplain Corps, 332
Chapman, Mrs. James, 183
“Charter of the United Nations,” 434
Chemical Warfare Service, 368
chemical weapons, 47
Chennault, Claire, 371
Chester (cruiser), 153
Chew (ship), 246
Chiang Kai-shek, 40, 86, 129, 149
Chiang Kai-shek, Madame, 40
Chicago (cruiser), 153
Chicago Tribune, 321
Chichibu, Prince, 51
Chigusa, Sadao, 164
Chihaya, Masataka, 452
Chikuma (cruiser), 165, 189, 206, 388
China
as ally in 1930s, 40
American attitudes toward, in 1850s, 23
American POWs in, 403–4, 408–9
“Asia for Asians” policy of Japan and, 39
bombing of Japan and US plane landings in, 380–81, 382–83
chemical and bacterial weapons tested by Japan in, 47–48
China Incident (Marco Polo Bridge Incident, 1937) between Japan and, 38, 66, 82, 104, 117
Depression-era media coverage of life in, 40
Doolittle Raiders’ landings in, 379–81, 382–83
Flying Tigers in, 371
Japanese perception of being encircled by colonies of, 28
Japan’s control (1939) over areas of, 51–52
Japan’s invasion (1937) of Shanghai and, 44
Japan’s negotiations with Chiang and Nationalists in, 129, 149
Japan’s surrender to MacArthur and, 407
Japan’s war against, during Qing dynasty, 23, 30
John Doe Associates’ plan for Japan’s withdrawal from, 65–66
missionaries to, 40
Nanking attacked by Japan (1937–38) and, 44–47, 418
as one of “four races” of Japan, 39
possible attack on Yunnan Province of, 161
Shanghai invaded (1937) by Japan and, 44
Tientsin taken by Japan and, 38
US aid to Chiang and Nationalists in, 65, 86, 129
war crime tribunals in, 411
China Clipper (Pan Am plane), 51, 348
China Incident (Marco Polo Bridge Incident, 1937), 38, 66, 82, 104, 117
Chinese immigrants, in California in 1850s, 23
Christensen, Charles, 257–58, 290, 333
Christensen, Hans, 239
Christie, Gabriel, 223
Churchill, Winston
Allies in Far East and, 123
Argentia Conference and, 94
Atlantic Charter and, 434
Guadalcanal campaign and, 397
Japan’s attack on Hong Kong and, 350
Japan’s relationship with, 55, 93
Pearl Harbor bombing announcement and, 321–22
Roosevelt’s declaration of war against Japan and, 346
Roosevelt’s relationship with, 4–5, 95, 322
on U-boats, 364
US support for policies of, 62, 93–94
Cihak, Erwin, 218
Cimarron (carrier), 374
Civilian Housing Area III, Oahu, 360
civilians
casualties among, from other Japanese attacks, 348
disbelief about initial reports of Pearl Harbor attack by, 215, 229, 251, 260, 292, 293
as “forgotten victims of Pearl Harbor,” 316–17
involvement in Pearl Harbor attack by, 219, 223, 225, 226, 227, 248
Japanese shooting of planes of, 214–16
martial law for Hawaii and, 318
Okinawan, suicide of, 400
Pearl Harbor attack casualties among, 215, 216, 218, 225, 316, 317
reports of Pearl Harbor attack and, 292–93
stereotypes of Japanese held by, 40–41, 42, 227, 229
civil rights movement, 428
Clark, Thurston B., 234
Clarke, Thurston, 15, 182
Clark Field, Philippines, 179, 342, 343
Clausen, Henry, 166, 167n, 179, 450–51
Clausewitz, Carl von, 48
Clemenceau, Georges, 97
Cleveland, Gr
over, 4
Clever, Bob, 380
codes and coded messages
British breaking of, 88
British use of, 78–79
Japanese spy’s discovery of, 124–25
Japan’s breaking of, 76, 80
Japan’s knowledge of US breaking of, 79
Japan’s order to diplomats to destroy materials related to, 146, 160, 164, 166, 167–68, 186, 254
Nazi cracking of, 79
Nazi use of, 88
Pearl Harbor attack mentioned in, 171, 175
rumors about dogs barking in, 337
US breaking of Japanese, 76–78, 79, 80, 80n, 134, 139, 163, 171, 175, 385, 446
US interpretation of reasons for Japanese orders to destroy codes, 168, 194, 442, 445, 449–50
US use of, 177, 186
Coe, Charles, 305
Coe, Chuckie, 347
Cohn, Mitchell, 243
Cole, Dick, 377
Coleman, Lieutenant, 167
Collier’s (magazine), 83
Collins, Edward, 208
Colombo, Ceylon, Japanese attack on, 351
“color plans” for multiple fronts, 62
Combined Fleet Operation Order Number One. See Operation Number One
Condor (minesweeper), 195–96
Confidential War Journal, 90
Congress
declaration of war on Japan and, 320, 323, 326, 346
desire for revenge and, 371
immigration quotas from, 28
Pearl Harbor investigation by, 64, 232, 317, 431, 443–51
postwar economic recovery of Europe and, 433
treaty with Hawaii, 9
Connally, Tom, 326
Conner, Durrell, 246
conspiracism, 453–54
Constitution, Japanese Americans under, 27, 358
Conter, Monica, 224
Control Faction, Japan, 33, 42
Conway, Ted, 218
Conyngham (ship), 246
Cook, James, 8
Coolidge, Calvin, 430
Cooper, Frederick, 227
Cooper, Jere, 446
Cooper, Kathy, 367
Coral Sea, Battle of (1942), 80n, 385, 413
Cornwall (cruiser), 351
Corregidor, 349, 350
Cory, Private, 289–90
Coslett, Audrey “Jerry,” 243
Covelesky, Sergeant, 220–21
Covington, Fred, 306
Craig, First Lieutenant, 259
Creehan, Pat, 376
crinolines (torpedo nets), 60–61, 81, 102, 171, 173, 177, 196–97, 297
Crosby, Bing, 17
Crossbill (minesweeper), 195, 196
Crouch, Horace “Sally,” 374
Cunningham, Andrew, 60
Currier, Prescott, 80
Curry, Duncan, 256
Curtiss (tender), 246, 260, 276, 327–28, 330, 331
Custer, Joe James, 416
Cynthia Olson (schooner), 208
Dai Nippon Teikoku (Great Empire of Japan) concept, 33, 165, 351, 363, 403, 406, 429
Dains, John, 310
Daniels, James, 338, 339–40