86 Carr, N.G. (2010), The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains. New York: W.W. Norton. p. 213.
87 Twenge, J.M. and Campbell, W.K. (2009). The Narcissism Epidemic: Living in the Age of Entitlement. New York: NY: Free Press. pp. 199–200; also see Twenge, J.M. and Campbell, W.K. (2003). “‘Isn't It Fun to Het the Respect that We're Going to Deserve?’ Narcissism, Social Rejection, and Aggression,” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29(2). Retrieved June 23, 2014, from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15272953.
88 Von Drehle, D. (2007, April 19). “It's All about Him.” Retrieved June 23, 2014, from Time: http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1612688,00.html.
89 (1982, November 10). “Video Game Warning from Surgeon General,” San Francisco Chronicle, p. 7.
90 Kent, S. (2001). The Ultimate History of Video Games: The Story behind the Craze that Touched Our Lives and Changed the World. Roseville, CA: Prima Publishing/Random House. pp. 4–6, 116, 166.
91 Dretzin, R. (Director) (2010). Digital Nation: Life on the Virtual Frontier [documentary]. United States: PBS Films [Frontline].
92 Barcott, R., personal communication, January 26, 2012.
93 Dretzin, R. (Director) (2010). Digital Nation: Life on the Virtual Frontier [documentary]. United States: PBS Films [Frontline].
94 Card, O.S. (1994). Ender's Game. New York: Tor Science Fiction.
95 Digital Nation: Life on the Virtual Frontier, op. cit.
12 Sour Grapes: Entitlement vs Reality
1 Ashliman, D.L. (2003), Aesop's Fables. New York: Barnes & Noble Books. p. introduction.
2 Sherman, D. K. and Cohen, G. L. (2006). “The Psychology of Self-Defense: Self-Affirmation Theory,” Advances in Experimental Psychology (38), 183–242.
3 Carlin, G. (1990). “Euphemisms,” on Parental Advisory: Explicit Lyrics [CD]. Tarzana, California: Atlantic/Laugh.
4 Twenge, J.M. and Campbell, W.K. (2009). The Narcissism Epidemic: Living in the Age of Entitlement. New York, NY: Free Press. pp. 47, 83.
5 Erikson, E.H. (1994), Identity: Youth and Crisis. New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company.
6 Sax, L. (2010). Girls on the Edge: The Four Factors Driving the New Crisis for Girls. New York: Basic Books. pp. 189–90; and Bly, R. and Woodman, M. (1998), The Maiden King. New York: Henry Holt & Co. p. 20; and as the source of this idea: Pearce, J.C. (1992). Evolution's End: Claiming the Potential of Our Intelligence. New York: HarperCollins. p. 190.
7 Yahr, E. (2014, May 5). “Five Times Louis C.K. Got Really Philosophical on Late-night Talk Shows.” Retrieved May 23, 2014, from the Washington Post: www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/style-blog/wp/2014/05/05/five-times-louis-c-k-got-really-philosophical-on-late-night-talk-shows/.
8 Twenge, J.M., Campbell, W.K., and Gentile, B. (2012). “Changes in Pronoun Use in American Books and the Rise of Individualism, 1960–2008,” Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 44(3), 406. Retrieved June 12, 2014, from http://web.natur.cuni.cz/~houdek3/papers/Twenge%20et%20al%202013.pdf.
9 Eagan, K., Lozano, J.B., Hurtado, S., and Case, M.H., The American Freshman: National Norms Fall 2013 (2014, March). Retrieved June 11, 2014, from The Higher Education Research Institute, The Cooperative Institutional Research Program, University of California, Los Angeles: www.heri.ucla.edu/briefs/TheAmericanFreshman2013-Brief.pdf p. 4.
10 “2012 Report Card on the Ethics of American Youth.” (2012, November 20). Retrieved June 5, 2014, from Character Counts: http://charactercounts.org/pdf/report-card/2012/ReportCard-2012-DataTables-HonestyIntegrityCheating.pdf. pp. 12, 18.
11 Hvistendahl, M. (2011), Unnatural Selection Choosing Boys over Girls, and the Consequences of a World Full of Men. New York, NY: Public Affairs. p. xiii.
12 Tierney, J. (2007, August 20). “Is There Anything Good about Men? And Other Tricky Questions.” Retrieved June 16, 2014, from the New York Times: http://tierneylab.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/08/20/is-there-anything-good-about-men-and-other-tricky-questions/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=0.
13 Baumeister, R. (2010). Is There Anything Good about Men?: How Cultures Flourish by Exploiting Men. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 63; also see Wilder, J.A., Mobasher, Z., and Hammer, M.F. (2004). “Genetic Evidence for Unequal Effective Population Sizes of Human Females and Males,” Molecular Biology and Evolution, 21(11). Retrieved June 16, 2014, from http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/content/21/11/2047.full.pdf+html.
14 Maywell, H. (2003, February 14). “Genghis Khan a Prolific Lover, DNA Data Implies.” Retrieved November 20, 2014, from National Geographic: http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/02/0214_030214_genghis.html.
15 Gurwitz, J.H. (2005). “The Age/Gender Interface in Geriatric Pharmacotherapy,” Journal of Women's Health, 12(1). Retrieved June 18, 2014, from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15692280.
16 Bolick, K. (2011, November), “All the Single Ladies,” Atlantic magazine, 124.
17 Sax, L. (2010). Girls on the Edge: The Four Factors Driving the New Crisis for Girls. New York: Basic Books. pp. 34–5.
18 Weiss, R. (2014, July 10). “Narcissism, Porn Use, and Addiction.” Retrieved July 26, 2014, from PsychCentral: http://blogs.psychcentral.com/sex/2014/07/narcissism-porn-use-and-addiction/; also see Kasper, T.E., Short, M.B., and Milam, A.C. (2014). “Narcissism and Internet Pornography Use,” Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy.
13 The Rise of Women?
1 Bolick, K. (2011, November). “All the Single Ladies,” Atlantic magazine, 120, 126; and 4 percent to 23 percent statistic: Wang, W., Parker, K., and Taylor, P. (2013, May 29). “Chapter 3: Married Mothers Who Out-Earn Their Husbands.” Retrieved September 28, 2014, from Pew Research Center: www.pewsocialtrends.org/2013/05/29/chapter-3-married-mothers-who-out-earn-their-husbands/; and 117 percent statistic: Farrell, W. (2005, September 5). “Exploiting the Gender Gap.” Retrieved September 3, 2015, from the New York Times: www.nytimes.com/2005/09/05/opinion/exploiting-the-gender-gap.html?_r=0.
2 Rosen, R. (2001). The World Split Open: How the Modern Women's Movement Changed America. New York, NY: Penguin Books. pp. xxiv—xxv, xxix, xxxi, xxxiv.
3 Note: Sally Ride was the first American woman in space. Valentina Tereshkova, a Russian, was the world's first woman in space, orbiting Earth in 1963. See: “Valentina Tereshkova” (n.d.). Retrieved May 27, 2014, from StarChild, NASA: http://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/whos_who_level2/tereshkova.html.
4 “About UNiTE” (n.d.). Retrieved May 27, 2014, from UNiTE to EndViolence Against Women, United Nations: www.un.org/en/women/endviolence/about.shtml.
5 “FAQs” (n.d.). Retrieved May 27, 2014, from www.Olympic.org: http://registration.olympic.org/en/faq/detail/id/135.
6 “Current Numbers of Women Officeholders” (n.d.). Retrieved May 12, 2014, from Center for American Women and Politics: www.cawp.rutgers.edu/fast_facts/levels_of_office/Current_Numbers.php.
7 “Proportion of Seats Held by Women in National Parliaments (%).” (n.d) Retrieved September 3, 2015, from The World Bank: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SG.GEN.PARL.ZS.
8 Miller, C.C. (2015, March 10). “Women on Boards: Where the U.S. Ranks.” Retrieved September 3, 2015, from the New York Times: www.nytimes.com/2015/03/11/upshot/women-on-boards-where-the-us-ranks.html.
9 Muñoz, C. (2014, April 8). “Here's What the President Is Doing to Close the Pay Gap.” Retrieved April 8, 2014, from The White House, Newsletter. Also see: www.wh.gov/equalpay.
10 Note: 16 percent of men say they work very long hours versus 7 percent of women. See: “United States. Work-Life Balance.” (n.d.) Retrieved September 4, 2015, from OECD Better Life Index: www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/countries/united-states/.
11 (2014, April 19–24). “The Return of the Stay-at-Home Mother,” the Economist, 411(8883), 24. Also see: www.economist.com/news/united-states/21600998-after-falling-years-proportion-mums-who-stay-home-rising-return.
12 (2014, April 19–24). “The Return of the Stay-at-Home Mother,” the Economist, 411(8883), 24. Also see: www.economist.com/news/united-s
tates/21600998-after-falling-years-proportion-mums-who-stay-home-rising-return.
13 Rosen, R. (2001). The World Split Open: How the Modern Women's Movement Changed America. New York, NY: Penguin Books. p. 78.
14 Parker, K. and Wang, W. (2013, March 14). “Modern Parenthood.” Retrieved June 7, 2014, from Pew Research Center: www.pewsocialtrends.org/2013/03/14/modern-parenthood-roles-of-moms-and-dads-converge-as-they-balance-work-and-family/.
15 “Anne-Marie Slaughter” (n.d.). Retrieved May 27, 2014, from Princeton University: www.princeton.edu/~slaughtr/.
16 Slaughter, A. (2012, June 13). “Why Women Still Can't Have It All.” Retrieved May 23, 2014, from the Atlantic: www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2012/07/why-women-still-cant-have-it-all/309020/?single_page=true.
17 “United States. Work-Life Balance.” (n.d.) Retrieved September 4, 2015, from OECD Better Life Index: www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/countries/united-states/.
18 “Adult Risk Factors: Obesity, Blood Sugar, Blood Pressure Data by Country” (2013). Retrieved May 30, 2014, from World Health Organization: http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.NCD56?lang=en.
19 Twenge, J.M. and Campbell, W.K. (2009). The Narcissism Epidemic: Living in the Age of Entitlement. New York, NY: Free Press. pp. 2, 31.
20 “Gender Divide Reaching Male vs. Female Millenials.” (2012, September 14). Retrieved April 28, 2014, from Nielsen: www.nielsen.com/us/en/newswire/2012/gender-divide-reacking-male-vs-female-millennials.html.
21 “Bechdel Test Movie List” (2014). Retrieved May 27, 2014, from Bechdel Test: http://bechdeltest.com.
22 Agnello, A.J., Keiser, J., Nelson, S., Sanskrit, D., and Teti, J. (2012, July 18). “Something Other than a Man: 15 Games that Pass the Bechdel Test.” Retrieved May 27, 2014, from The Gameological Society: http://gameological.com/2012/07/something-other-than-a-man-15-games-that-pass-the-bechdel-test/.
23 “Stats” (2014). Retrieved May 27, 2014, from Bechdel Test: http://bechdeltest.com/statistics/.
24 “Swedish Cinemas Take Aim at Gender Bias with Bechdel Test Rating.” (2013, November 6). Retrieved May 27, 2014, from the Guardian: http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/06/swedish-cinemas-bechdel-test-films-gender-bias.
25 Lenhart, A., Ling, R., Campbell, S., and Purcell, K. (2010, April 20). “Teens and Mobile Phones.” Retrieved June 7, 2014, from Pew Research Center: www.pewinternet.org/2010/04/20/teens-and-mobile-phones/.
26 Crocker, L. (2013, November 13). “Why Women Don't Like Lady Bosses.” Retrieved September 28, 2014, from the Daily Beast: www.thedailybeast.com/witw/articles/2013/11/13/why-do-women-say-they-don-t-like-working-for-female-bosses.html.
27 Haworth, A. (2013, October 19). “Why Have Young People in Japan Stopped Having Sex?” Retrieved April 27, 2014, from the Guardian: www.theguardian.com/world/2013/oct/20/young-people-japan-stopped-having-sex.
28 Pelletier, D. (2012, November 13). “Artificial Wombs: Is a Sexless Reproduction Society in Our Future?” Retrieved November 25, 2014, from Institute for Ethics & Emerging Technologies: http://ieet.org/index.php/IEET/more/pelletier20121113.
29 Antenucci, A. and Li, D.K. (2014, April 10). “More Young Women Choosing Dogs over Motherhood.” Retrieved April 12, 2014 from the New York Post: http://nypost.com/2014/04/10/more-young-women-choosing-dogs-over-motherhood/.
30 Ross, T. (2011, January 4). “What Women Really Want: To Marry a Rich Man.” Retrieved August 11, 2015 the Telegraph: www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/8237298/What-women-really-want-to-marry-a-rich-man.html.
31 “The New American Father.” (2013, June 14). Retrieved August 11, 2015 from Pew Social Trends: www.pewsocialtrends.org/2013/06/14/the-new-american-father/.
32 Wang, W. and Parker, K. (2014, September 24). “Record Share of Americans Have Never Married.” Retrieved September 28, 2014, from Pew Research Center: www.pewsocialtrends.org/2014/09/24/record-share-of-americans-have-never-married/.
33 Mielach, D. (2012, June 26). “75 Percent of Women Say They Won't Date Unemployed Men.” Retrieved August 11, 2015 from Business News Daily: www.businessnewsdaily.com/2753-dating-unemployed-men-women.html#sthash.NEVELtZ0.dpuf.
34 Gentry, J. (2014, September 25). “Who Pays for the First Date? Survey Says Men Should.” Retrieved September 28, 2014, from USA Today: www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/09/25/survey-who-pays-for-first-date/16195739/.
35 Retrieved July 19, 2015, from Tiffany.com: www.tiffany.com.
36 White, M.D. (2013, August 25). “Why Men Find It So Hard to Understand What Women Want.” Retrieved April 25, 2014, from Psychology Today: www.psychologytoday.com/blog/maybe-its-just-me/201308/why-men-find-it-so-hard-understand-what-women-want.
37 “Why Men Find It So Hard to Understand What Women Want: Do Men Know What It's Like to Be Desired-and Why Woman Value It So Much?” (2014, March 19). Retrieved May 27, 2014, from Reddit: http://www.reddit.com/r/sex/comments/20twqv/why_men_find_it_so_hard_to_understand_what_women/cg837ak.
38 Retrieved June 9, 2014, from Candida Royalle: http://candidaroyalle.com.
39 Retrieved June 9, 2014, from Annie Sprinkle: http://anniesprinkle.org.
40 Levy, A. “The Prisoner of Sex.” (n.d.). Retrieved June 9, 2014, from New York Magazine: http://nymag.com/nymetro/news/people/features/11907/.
41 Levy, A. (2006). Female Chauvinist Pigs: Women and the Rise of Raunch Culture. New York: Free Press. p. 168–169.
42 Ibid. pp. 162, 169, 199.
43 Ibid. pp. 163–164.
44 Hastings, C. (2014, April 26). “Germaine Greer: Twitter Trolls and Online Porn Mean We've Never Had It So Bad as Women.” Retrieved June 9, 2014, from Daily Mail: www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2614067/Germaine-Greer-Twitter-trolls-online-porn-mean-weve-never-bad-women.html.
45 Cohen, N. (2014, April 7). “You Sexist/Racist/Liberal/Elitist Bastard! How Dare You?” Retrieved May 8, 2014, from the Spectator: http://blogs.spectator.co.uk/nick-cohen/2014/04/you-sexistracistliberalelitist-bastard-how-dare-you/.
46 Hess, A. (2014, April 3). “Mississippi Sex Ed Class Compares Women to Dirty Pieces of Chocolate.” Retrieved May 8, 2014, from Slate: http://www.slate.com/blogs/xx_factor/2014/04/03/mississippi_sex_ed_class_compares_women_to_dirty_peppermint_patties.
47 Boardman, M. (2014, April 24). “Beyonce Covers Time's 100 Most Influential People Issue.” Retrieved May 22, 2014, from US Weekly: www.usmagazine.com/entertainment/news/beyonce-covers-times-100-most-influential-people-issue-2014244. Also see: http://time.com/time100-2014/.
48 Jones, R. “Why Is Everyone Getting Naked? Rashida Jones on the Pornification of Everything.” (n.d.). Retrieved April 30, 2014, from Glamour: www.glamour.com/entertainment/2013/12/rashida-jones-major-dont-the-pornification-of-everything.
49 Moran, C. (2012), How to Be a Woman. New York, NY: Harper Perennial. p. 301.
50 Levy, A. (2006). Female Chauvinist Pigs: Women and the Rise of Raunch Culture. New York: Free Press. p. 200.
51 McFadden, C. and Whitman, J. (2014, March 10). “Sheryl Sanberg Launches ‘Ban Bossy’ Campaign to Empower Girls to Lead.” Retrieved April 28, 2014, from Good Morning America, ABC News: http://abcnews.go.com/US/sheryl-sandberg-launches-ban-bossy-campaign-empower-girls/story?id=22819181.
52 Note: Cosmopolitan, Glamour, Redbook, Seventeen, US Weekly, InStyle, Shape, Self, Weight Watchers, Vogue, Vanity Fair, Allure, Elle, Lucky, Teen Vogue and Marie Claire all ranked higher than Forbes, the Economist and Working Mother in magazine circulation. See: Total Circ: Consumer Magazines (n.d.). Retrieved April 30, 2014, from Alliance for Audited Media: http://abcas3.auditedmedia.com/ecirc/magtitlesearch.asp.
53 Pryor, J.H., et al. (2013, January). The American Freshman: National Norms Fall 2012. Retrieved June 11, 2014, from the Higher Education Research Institute, the Cooperative Institutional Research Program, University of California, Los Angeles: www.heri.ucla.edu/monographs/TheAmericanFreshman2012.pdf. pp. 14–15.
14 Patriarchy Myths
1 Brand, N. (2013, July 18). “Men Must Be Needed Because We Can't Be Wanted.” Retrieve
d June 17, 2014, from the Good Men Project: http://goodmenproject.com/ethics-values/brand-men-must-be-needed-because-we-cant-be-wanted/.
2 Planty, M., et al., US Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences (2009), The Condition of Education 2009 (NCES 2009-081). Retrieved from National Center for Education Statistics: http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2009/2009081.pdf. p. 118
3 Livingston, G. (2014, June 5). “Growing Number of Dads Home with the Kids.” Retrieved June 7, 2014, from Pew Research Center: www.pewsocialtrends.org/2014/06/05/growing-number-of-dads-home-with-the-kids/.
4 Farrell, W. (1993). The Myth of Male Power. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.
5 Farrell, W., personal communication, September 6, 2015; also see Farrell, W. (2001). Father and Child Reunion: How to Bring the Dads We Need to the Children We Love. New York, NY: Tarcher.
6 Pinker, S. (2010). The Sexual Paradox: Extreme Men, Gifted Women, and the Real Gender Gap. Toronto, ON: Random House Canada. pp. 69–70. Also note: “Intrinsic rewards as a stronger driver for women is a robust, stable finding. But American researchers have found that women not covered by health insurance plans behave differently than women covered by their spouse's plans, or than women living in countries where there is national health insurance. They work longer hours than they would prefer, at different types of jobs than they would otherwise choose if they had health insurance coverage.” See: The Sexual Paradox. p. 295; and Jacobs, Shapiro, and Schulman, 1993 and Valetta, 1998. Also see: Grouzet, F.M.E., et al. (2005). “Goal Contents Across Cultures,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89; Bokemeier, J. and Blanton, P. (1986). “Job Values, Rewards, and Work Conditions as Factors in Job Satisfaction among Men and Women.” Sociological Quarterly, 28; Phelan, J. (1994). “The Paradox of the Contented Female Worker: An Assessment of Alternative Explanations,” Social Psychology Quarterly, 57; and Martinez, S. (2005). “Women's Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations for Working,” in Being Together, Working Apart, ed. Schneider, B. and Waite, L.J. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
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