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Big Porn Inc: Exposing the Harms of the Global Pornography Industry

Page 44

by Melinda Tankard Reist


  Diane L. Rosenfeld is a Lecturer on Law at Harvard Law School in Cambridge where she teaches courses on Title IX; Gender Violence, Law and Social Justice; and Theories of Sexual Coercion. She holds a J.D. from University of Wisconsin-Madison, and an LL.M. from Harvard Law School. Diane Rosenfeld served as the Senior Counsel to the Violence Against Women Office at the U.S. Department of Justice before teaching at Harvard.

  Diana E.H. Russell, Professor Emerita of Sociology at Mills College, is the author/co-author, editor/co-editor of 17 books, 3 of which are on pornography: Making Violence Sexy: Feminist Views on Pornography (1993), Against Pornography: The Evidence of Harm (1994), and Dangerous Relationships: Pornography, Misogyny, and Rape (1998). Dr Russell has also engaged in numerous actions against pornography since 1976 when she helped found the San Francisco-based organization, Women Against Violence in Pornography & Media (WAVPM).

  Dr Robi Sonderegger is an internationally renowned clinical psychologist and expert consultant in trauma associated with sexual exploitation, human trafficking, war and natural disaster (with tens of thousands of refugees having graduated from his programs). He is also the Chief Executive of Family Challenge Australia, a nationally registered mental health charity that provides specialist psychology services in Australia and throughout the world.

  Stella grew up in rural Victoria before living for some time in America. She worked in offices and restaurants while studying naturopathy before becoming a stripper. After exiting the sex industry she completed a Bachelor of Arts at Melbourne University. She now lives with her partner of 10 years and their 3 daughters in the country. She hopes that by sharing her experience as a stripper, the unglamorous truth of the damage it does to women’s lives may be better understood.

  Dr Chyng Sun is a Clinical Associate Professor of Media Studies at McGhee Division at School of Continuing and Professional Studies at New York University. In addition to various academic research on pornography, she is also the director for the documentary film The Price of Pleasure: Pornography, Sexuality, and Relationships (2008), .

  Melinda Tankard Reist is a writer, speaker, blogger, media commentator and activist against violence against women, objectification of women and sexualisation of girls. Melinda is author/editor of 4 books including Defiant Birth: Women Who Resist Medical Eugenics (Spinifex Press, 2006) and Getting Real: Challenging the Sexualisation of Girls (Spinifex Press, 2009). Melinda’s opinion pieces appear frequently in Australian media and she is a regular on morning television and current affairs programs. She is a co-founder of Collective Shout: for a world free of sexploitation. Melinda is named in the Who’s Who of Australian Women and the World Who’s Who of Women. Her Website is .

  Professor S. Caroline Taylor is Foundation Chair in Social Justice at Edith Cowan University, Australia. She is Founder and Chair of Children of Phoenix Inc., a charity that assists survivors of childhood abuse to rebuild their lives through education and mentoring. Dr Taylor is an academic, researcher, social commentator, advocate and provides specialist evidence in child abuse cases, and passionately supports the rights of children to live free from all forms of violence, discrimination and disadvantage.

  Linda Thompson is from Northern Ireland where she was involved with youth work, community work and sexual health education, working with young people as peer educators on the HYPE project before moving into HIV and sexual health promotion in Scotland. She is currently the Development Officer with the Women’s Support Project and raises awareness of issues around commercial sexual exploitation as a form of violence against women. She is kept busy with a tornado of a toddler and, in her limited free time, volunteers with women’s and mother’s groups and is a breast-feeding advocate.

  Dr Meagan Tyler is a Lecturer in the School of Social Sciences and Psychology at Victoria University, Melbourne. She is a member of the Coalition Against Trafficking in Women Australia (CATWA) and the Porn Cultures and Policy Network (PCPN). Her research has been published in Women’s Studies International Forum and Women and Therapy. Her book, Prostitution in Every Home? The pornographic and sexological construction of women’s sexuality in the West, is forthcoming with Cambridge Scholars Press.

  Anna van Heeswijk has a First Class Honours Degree in International Relations and a Masters in Human Rights. Prior to working with OBJECT, Anna campaigned for Disability Rights and Young People’s Rights. As well as her feminist activism, she also leads Peer counselling workshops on overcoming the effects of racism, sexism, homophobia, classism and ageism on our lives.

  Index

  abortion in computer game 167–8

  Abu Ghraib, interpretation of images from 11, 115–16

  acquaintance rape 49

  prevention program 49–51

  ‘addiction’ to pornography 96–100

  avoidance of responsibility for 99–100

  medical response to 96, 98–9

  sex crimes and 100

  Adler, Amy 211–12

  Adult Video News

  porn awards from 174

  pornography reviews in 80, 128

  research assistance from 172

  statistics on porn use 4

  strip clubs and pornography 139, 140–1

  adultification of children

  in child pornography 183

  advertising see also marketing

  as propaganda for capitalism 26

  combating sexualisation in 282, 283

  pornographic images in xiii

  aggression, depiction of

  adverse attitudinal effects of 74

  analysis of 172–3

  female actors portrayed as accepting 74

  gender differences in 173

  research on xix, 30, 70

  Albury, Katherine 122, 131

  Amazon.com, pornography-related material on 188, 209, 252–3

  American Civil Liberties Union 36

  American Psycho 10

  Amy xxiii, xxv, 209–212, 215–219 see also ‘Misty Series’

  anal sex

  frequent depiction of 173

  pornography used to encourage 79

  teenage girls raped via 22

  animals, pornography involving 63–8 see also bestiality

  questioning consent in 64–5

  Anti Porn Men Project 284–7

  anti-porn campaigners see campaigns against pornography

  Anti-Pornography and Prostitution Research Group (APP) 288–90

  Armanda, Asja xxv, 230–1, 232, 233, 235, 295

  ass-to-mouth (ATM) sequence 173

  beauty pageants

  campaigning against 276, 283

  pimping for prostitution via 152

  bestiality 67 see also animals, pornography involving

  bondage 29, 70

  gay male pornography and 58

  in music video 110

  online 72

  sex therapy and 80

  sex toys for 119

  Bonobo Principle 50–1

  Brady, Katherine 202–3

  Bray, Abigail x, xx, xxiv, 67, 86, 101, 230, 295

  Bukkake 72, 174

  business of pornography see pornography industry

  campaigns against pornography

  by men in the UK 284–7

  in Australia 281–3

  in India 246

  in Japan 288–90

  in Scotland 268–72

  in South Africa 223–5

  motivation for involvement in 261–2, 268–9, 271–2, 284

  OBJECT (UK) 274–80

  quit manifesto 291–4

  slide shows 266–7

  Stop Porn Culture! (USA) 266–7

  support strategies in 262–4, 267, 271, 276–9, 285

  UK feminist activism 259–65

  capitalism

  advertising as propaganda for 26

  patriarchy and 107–8

  pornography as product of 31–2, 101, 160–5

  sexual freedom within 120

>   Caroline xviii, xxii, 295

  cartoons

  pornography in xiii, xvi

  using porn stars in India 240

  censorship

  ‘freedom of speech’ and 253

  child pornography xxv

  animation not defined as 168–9

  computer games and 168–9

  enduring nature of xx, 207–12, 215–19

  grooming victims through 189–91, 202–6

  instructional function of 187–8, 196–7, 202–6

  Japanese regulation of 289

  legal redress for victims of 207–12

  legitimisation of myths about 186–7

  online community within 188

  overcoming inhibitions via 185–9

  presented as fantasy 198–9, 200

  profits made by xiv

  role of Internet in 185, 186, 188, 189–90, 191

  sexual arousal via 184

  sexual sadism in 184–5

  traumatic effects on victims 199–200

  child sexual abuse

  exposure to pornography and 181–91

  normalised in pseudo child pornography 7–8

  childification of porn actors 4–8 see also pseudo child pornography

  children’s movies, pornography encroaching into xiii

  Civil Rights Act, Title IX 43

  new guidelines under 49

  coercion

  campus culture and 47

  entry into pornography through 151–2

  inherent in pornography 11

  pornography encouraging boys’ use of xvi, 20

  sex therapy and 79

  Collective Shout 281–3

  college campuses

  increasing sexual respect on 48–51

  rape and sexual assault on 43

  sexist party activities 42–3, 45–6

  sexually violent culture of 41–51

  computer games

  pornography in 241, 289

  rape in 167–70

  sexual content of 18, 19

  computer-generated images

  avoiding regulation through 4

  condom use in pornography industry 91

  consent to sexual activity

  animals and 64–5

  children and 64, 187

  incest and 195–9

  counselling see also sex therapy

  mixed messages from xxxi–xxxii

  crush videos 65

  cum shot

  as revenge against women 30

  frequent depiction of 173

  on Facebook xiii

  Deepthroat 79

  degrading language

  encouraged by sex therapists 82–3

  gay male pornography and 56

  desensitisation to pornography

  challenging 286–7

  child pornography 186–7

  children and xvi–xvii, 16–23, 190

  popular culture and 3, 12

  sexual deviance and 71

  violence and aggression from 12

  digital technology

  peer-to-peer pornography and 34–40

  Dines, Gail xvii, xxii, xxiii, xxvi, 21, 90, 112–13, 183, 185, 188, 196, 199, 230, 266, 269, 295

  double penetration xvii, 79, 80, 153, 176

  frequent depiction of 173

  Dworkin, Andrea xv, 13, 14

  Element, Yasmin 125

  entry into pornography

  ‘freedom of choice’ in 175–6

  factors compelling women to 151–2

  Equality Now 53

  Eros Association 123, 124, 125

  erotica, pornography and 27, 78, 123

  Facebook see also social media

  pornographic content on xiii

  pro-rape group on 42

  use for feminist activism 281

  fair speech vs free speech 113, 249–55

  Family Dysfunction theory 198

  fantasy

  genocide-denying pornography as 235

  myth of pornography as xxx, 10, 30–1

  torture as 115

  Farley, Melissa xxiv, 296

  feminism see also feminist anti-porn activism

  exposing reality of genocide 236–7

  positive role of 294

  resisting patriarchy 108

  sex shops and 118–21

  skewed view of 124

  feminist anti-porn activism 259–83

  Feminist Fridays 260, 261, 275, 276, 278

  film and video classification

  Australian xx–xxi

  challenging 125

  Flood, Michael xvii, xviii, 20

  forced sex see coercion

  fraternity houses see college campuses

  Free Speech Coalition

  pseudo child pornography and 4

  ‘freedom of speech’

  critique of xxv–xxvi, 249–55

  genocide-denying pornography as 235

  leftist support of 32–3, 251

  legal challenge to 14

  need for fairness in 113, 249–55

  pornography defended as xv, xxi, 249

  potential harms of 250–3

  Funnell, Nina xxiii, 296

  gagging xvii, 3, 70, 72

  frequent depiction of 173, 174

  gang rape

  as a weapon of war 230–3

  college campuses and 44

  gay male pornography 53–61

  myth of equality in 53–6, 59–61

  normalisation of rape in 57–8

  racism in 56–7

  torture in 55, 58

  gender roles

  aggression in pornography and 173

  campus culture and 42

  gay male pornography and 54, 59–61

  genocide and 230

  ideology of pornography and 29–31, 284, 286

  patriarchy and 27

  stripping and 136

  genocide

  pornography and 230–7

  sexual atrocities in 230–3, 236–7

  Giobbe, Evelina 150

  global industry, pornography as xxiv–xxv

  gonzo porn

  characteristics of 3, 29–30, 176, 196

  increasing trend to 100, 131, 173–4

  neurological effects of 97–8

  sexual assaults and 44

  grooming of children

  to consume porn

  legislation against 203, 205

  for prostitution 227

  use of pornography in 16–23, 75, 189–91, 202–6

  guilt feelings

  child victims and 190–1

  of porn users 177

  Gupta, Ruchira xxv, 296

  Hamilton, Clive xx, 129–30

  Hamilton, Maggie xxiii, 296

  hardcore pornography 3, 27, 29, 171

  becoming mainstream 225

  campaigning against 260

  child pornography 184, 212

  children exposed to 227

  Indian 239, 243

  subjugation of women in 29–30

  harms of pornography xv–xvi, xxix, 117, 254–5, 292

  documenting 288–9

  enduring nature of 207–12, 215–19

  ignored by academic defenders 122–31

  legal recognition of 205, 236–7

  physical damage 176–7

  research evidence of 154–5

  responsibility of users for 207–12

  victim impact statements 204, 212, 215–19

  Hawthorne, Susan x, xxiv, xxvi, 86, 101, 296

  Hesketh, Alan 96, 210

  homemade porn 19, 164, 244

  homophobia

  gay male pornography and 53, 58, 60

  hip hop music and 47

  human rights

  campaign to protect against abuse of 14

  pornography as violation of 14, xxi

  hyper-masculinity

  anti-porn campaigns and 286

  gay male pornography and 54–6

  hypersexualisation

  campaigning against 2
66–7

  effect on women’s bodies 88–90

  impact of pornography

  body image 5–6

  on boys xvii, 20

  on girls xvii–xviii, 21

  on relationships xxix–xxxiii

 

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