The New Annotated Frankenstein

by Mary Shelley

  ——— . Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus. Edited by Maurice Hindle. London: Penguin Group/Penguin Classics, 2003.

  ——— . Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus. Edited, annotated, and illustrated by M. Grant Kellermeyer. Fort Wayne, IN: Oldstyle Tales Press, 2013.

  ——— . Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus. Introduction by Douglas Clegg, afterword by Harold Bloom. New York: Signet Classics, 2013.

  ——— . Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus: The 1818 Text. Edited by James Rieger. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1982.

  ——— . The Journals of Mary Shelley. Edited by Paula R. Feldman and Diana Scott-Kilvert. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987.

  ——— . The Letters of Mary W. Shelley. Edited by Frederick L. Jones. 2 vols. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1944.

  ——— . The Letters of Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley. Edited by Betty T. Bennett. 2. vols. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1980.

  ——— . Mary Shelley’s Journal. Edited by Frederick L. Jones. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1947.

  ——— . The Original Frankenstein. Edited by Charles E. Robinson. Oxford: The Bodleian Library, 2008.

  ——— . Robert Andrew Parker’s Illustrated Frankenstein. Edited and illustrated by Robert Andrew Parker. New York: Clarkson N. Potter, 1976.

  Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft, and Percy Bysshe Shelley. History of a Six Weeks’ Tour Through a Part of France, Switzerland, Germany and Holland: With Letters Descriptive of a Sail Round the Lake of Geneva, and of the Glaciers of Chamouni. 1817. Charleston, SC: Bibliolife (n.d.).

  Shelley, Percy Bysshe. The Letters of Percy Bysshe Shelley. Collected and edited by Ronald Ingpen. 2 vols. London: Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons; New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1909.

  ——— . The Letters of Percy Bysshe Shelley. Edited by Frederick L. Jones. 2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1964.

  ——— . Shelley’s Lost Letters to Harriet. Edited, and with an introduction, by Leslie Hotson. London: Faber & Faber, 1930.

  BIOGRAPHY AND CRITICISM

  Aldiss, Brian W., with David Wingrove. Trillion Year Spree: The History of Science Fiction. New York: Athenaeum, 1986.

  Baldick, Chris. In Frankenstein’s Shadow: Myth, Monstrosity and Nineteenth-century Writing. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990.

  Behrendt, Stephen C., and Anne Kostelanetz Mellor, eds. Approaches to Teaching Shelley’s Frankenstein. New York: Modern Language Association of America, 1990.

  Belefant, Arthur. Frankenstein, the Man and the Monster. Indialantic, FL: Benjamin, Ross and Lane, 2008.

  Bloom, Harold, ed. Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein. New York: Bloom’s Literary Criticism/Infobase Publishing, 2007.

  ——— , ed. Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein (Updated Edition). New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 2007. Bloom’s Modern Critical Interpretations.

  Blunden, Edmund. Shelley: A Life Story. New York: Viking Press, 1947.

  Botting, Fred. Making Monstrous: Frankenstein, Criticism, Theory. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1991.

  Florescu, Radu, Alan G. Barbour, and Matei Cazacu. In Search of Frankenstein. Boston: New York Graphic Society, 1975.

  Frayling, Christopher. Mad, Bad and Dangerous?: The Scientist and the Cinema. London: Reaktion Books, 2005.

  Haining, Peter, ed. The Frankenstein File. London: New English Library, 1977.

  Harris, Janet. The Woman Who Created Frankenstein: A Portrait of Mary Shelley. New York: Harper & Row, 1979.

  Harris-Fain, Darren. “Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley (1797–1851),” Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 178: British Fantasy and Science Fiction Writers Before World War I. Edited by Darren Harris-Fain. Detroit, MI: Gale Research, 1997.

  de Hart, Scott Douglas. Shelley Unbound: Discovering Frankenstein’s True Creator. Port Townsend, WA: Feral House, 2013.

  Hitchcock, Susan Tyler. Frankenstein: A Cultural History. New York: W. W. Norton, 2007.

  Hoobler, Dorothy, and Thomas Hoobler. The Monsters: Mary Shelley and the Curse of Frankenstein. Boston: Little, Brown, 2006.

  Horton, Robert. Frankenstein. New York: Columbia University Press, 2014. Cultographies Series.

  Johnson, Barbara, “My Monster/My Self,” Diacritics 12 (1982): 2–10.

  Kaplan, Morton. The Unspoken Motive: A Guide to Psychoanalytic Literary Criticism. New York: The Free Press (1973).

  Ketterer, David. Frankenstein’s Creation: The Book, the Monster, and Human Reality. Victoria, BC: University of Victoria, 1979.

  Lauritsen, John. The Man Who Wrote Frankenstein. Dorchester, MA: Pagan Press, 2007.

  Lederer, Susan E. Frankenstein: Penetrating the Secrets of Nature. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2002. National Library of Medicine, History of Medicine Division.

  Levine, George, and U. C. Knoepflmacher, eds. The Endurance of Frankenstein: Essays on Mary Shelley’s Novel. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979.

  Marsh, Nicholas. Mary Shelley: Frankenstein. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.

  Marshall, Mrs. Julian [Florence A.]. The Life and Letters of Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley. 2 vols. London: R. Bentley and Son, 1889.

  Mellor, Anne Kostelanetz. Mary Shelley: Her Life, Her Fiction, Her Monsters. New York: Routledge, 1989.

  Michaud, Nicolas, ed. Frankenstein and Philosophy: The Shocking Truth. Chicago: Open Court, 2013.

  Mitchell, Robert. Experimental Life: Vitalism in Romantic Science & Literature. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013.

  Montillo, Roseanne. The Lady and Her Monsters: A Tale of Dissections, Real-Life Dr. Frankensteins, and the Creation of Mary Shelley’s Masterpiece. New York: William Morrow, 2013.

  Morrison, Lucy, and Staci L. Stone, eds. A Mary Shelley Encyclopedia. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2003.

  Morton, Timothy, ed. Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein: A Sourcebook. New York: Routledge, 2002.

  Nardo, Don, ed. Readings on Frankenstein. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, Inc., 2000.

  Nitchie, Elizabeth. Mary Shelley, Author of “Frankenstein.” New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1953.

  Phy, Allene Stuart. Mary Shelley. Mercer Island, WA: Starmont House, 1988. Starmont Reader’s Guide, no. 36.

  Robinson, Charles E., “Texts in Search of an Editor: Reflections on The Frankenstein Notebooks and on Editorial Authority,” pp. 91–110 of Textual Studies and the Common Reader: Essays on Editing Novels and Novelists. Edited by Alexander Pettit. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2000.

  Robinson, Charles E., ed. The Frankenstein Notebooks: A Facsimile Edition of Mary Shelley’s Novel, 1816–1817. 4. Vols. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1996.

  St. Clair, William. The Godwins and the Shelleys: A Biography of a Family. New York: W. W. Norton, 1989.

  Sanborn, F. B., ed. The Romance of Mary W. Shelley, John Howard Payne and Washington Irving. Boston: The Bibliophile Society, 1907.

  Schor, Esther H. The Cambridge Companion to Mary Shelley. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2004.

  Schwartz; Janelle A. Worm Work: Recasting Romanticism. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2012.

  Small, Christopher. Ariel Like a Harpy: Shelley, Mary and Frankenstein. London: Victor Gollancz, 1972.

  ——— . Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein: Tracing the Myth. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1973.

  Stott, Andrew McConnell. The Poet and the Vampyre: The Curse of Byron and the Birth of Literature’s Greatest Monsters. New York: Pegasus Books, 2014.

  Sunstein, Emily W. Mary Shelley: Romance and Reality. Boston: Little, Brown, 1989.

  Tropp, Martin. Mary Shelley’s Monster: The Story of Frankenstein. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1977.

  Veeder, William. Mary Shelley and Frankenstein: The Fate of Androgyny. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986.

  Walling, William A. Mary Shelley. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1972.

  Willis, Martin. Mesmerists, Monsters, and Machines: Science
Fiction and the Cultures of Science in the Nineteenth Century. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 2006.

  STAGE AND SCREEN

  Anobile, Richard J. James Whale’s Frankenstein Starring Boris Karloff. New York: Universe Books, 1974.

  Balderston, John L., and Garrett Fort. Frankenstein—A Play. Edited by Philip J. Riley. Albany, GA: BearManor Media, 2010.

  Brooks, Mel, with Rebecca Keegan. Young Frankenstein: The Story of the Making of the Film. New York: Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers, 2016.

  Forry, Steven Earl. Hideous Progenies: Dramatizations of Frankenstein from Mary Shelley to the Present. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1990.

  Glut, Donald F. The Frankenstein Catalog. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, 1984.

  Mank, Gregory William. Bela Lugosi and Boris Karloff: The Expanded Story of a Haunting Collaboration, with a Complete Filmography of Their Films Together. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, 2009.

  Mank, Gregory William. It’s Alive!: The Classic Cinema Saga of Frankenstein. New York: A. S. Barnes & Company, 1981.

  Milner, H. M. Frankenstein—Or, The Man and the Monster—A Stage Play. Redditch, Worcestershire, UK: Read Books Ltd., 2011.

  Osborne, Jennifer, ed. Monsters: A Celebration of the Classics from Universal Studios. New York: Del Rey Books, 2006.

  Riley, Philip J., ed. Frankenstein: The Original Shooting Script. Screenplay by Garrett Fort and Francis Edwards Faragoh. Absecon, NJ: MagicImage Filmbooks, 1989.

  ——— , ed. Robert Florey’s Frankenstein Starring Bela Lugosi. Albany, GA: BearManor Media, 2010.

  Shriver, Gordon B. Boris Karloff: The Man Remembered. Baltimore: Publishamerica, 2004.

  Skal, David J. The Monster Show: A Cultural History of Horror. New York: Faber & Faber, 2001.

  Svehla, Gary L., and Susan Svehla, eds. We Belong Dead: Frankenstein on Film. Baltimore: Midnight Marquee Press, 2005.

  Wiebel, Frederick C., Jr. Edison’s Frankenstein. Albany, GA: BearManor Media, 2009.

  ADDITIONAL REFERENCES

  Ankarloo, Bengt, and Stuart Clark, eds. Witchcraft and Magic in Europe, Volume 5: The Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999.

  Bakewell, Michael, and Melissa Bakewell. Augusta Leigh: Byron’s Half-Sister—A Biography. London: Chatto & Windus, 2000.

  Benz, Ernst. Theology of Electricity: On the Encounter and Explanation of Theology and Science in the 17th and 18th Centuries. Allison Park, PA: Pickwick Publications, 1989. Princeton Theological Monograph Series, no. 19.

  Cunliffe, Barry. The Extraordinary Voyage of Pytheas the Greek. New York: Penguin Books, 2003.

  Dumas, Alexandre. Alexandre Dumas’ Adventures in Caucasia. Translated and edited by Alma Murch Elizabeth. New York: Chilton (1962).

  ——— . Alexandre Dumas’ Adventures in Czarist Russia. Translated and edited by Alma Murch Elizabeth. New York: Chilton, 1961.

  George, Arthur L., and Elena George. St. Petersburg—The First Three Centuries. Stroud, Gloucestershire, UK: Sutton Publishing, 2004.

  Godwin, Joscelyn. Arktos: The Polar Myth in Science, Symbolism and Nazi Survival. Kempton, IL: Adventures Unlimited Press, 1996.

  Jerrmann, Eduard. Pictures from St. Petersburg. 1852. Berkeley: University of California Libraries, 2014.

  Klingaman, William K., and Nicholas P. Klingaman. The Year Without Summer: 1816 and the Volcano That Darkened the World and Changed History. New York: St. Martin’s/Griffin, 2014.

  Markus, Julia. Lady Byron and Her Daughters. New York: W. W. Norton, 2014.

  Morton, Alan. Science in the 18th Century. London: Science Museum, 1993.

  Muirhead, Findlay, ed. Switzerland with Chamonix and the Italian Lakes. London: Macmillan & Co., 1923. The Blue Guides.

  Morus, Iwan Rhys. Frankenstein’s Children: Electricity, Exhibition, and Experiment in Early-Nineteenth-Century London. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1998.

  Murray, John. Murray’s Handbook for Travellers in Switzerland. 1838. New York: Humanities Press, 1970.

  Rousseau, Jean Jacques. Emile, Julie and Other Writings. Edited by R. L. Archer. Woodbury, NY: Barron’s Educational Series, 1964.

  Scott, G. Firth. The Romance of Polar Exploration: Interesting Descriptions of Arctic and Antarctic Adventure from the Earliest Time to the Voyage of the “Discovery.” 1906. Memphis, TN: General Books LLC, 2012.

  Stefansson, Vilhjalmur. Ultima Thule: Further Mysteries of the Arctic. New York: Macmillan, 1940.

  Strickland, Margot. The Byron Women. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1974.

  Weisser, Michael R. Crime and Punishment in Early Modern Europe. Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press, 1979.

  Wood, Gillen D’Arcy. Tambora: The Eruption That Changed the World. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2014.

  Wright, Helen S. The Great White North: The Story of Polar Exploration from the Earliest Times to the Discovery of the Pole. New York: Macmillan, 1910.

  PARODIES, PASTICHES, AND COMICS

  Baranowski, Don W. Sherlock Holmes: The Adventure of the Frankenstein Monster. West Conshohocken, PA: Infinity Publishing, 2006.

  Briefer, Dick. The Monster of Frankenstein. West Orange, NJ: Idea Men Productions, 2006. Includes issues 18 through 33 of the comic.

  Cooper, Roscoe. Diary of Victor Frankenstein. New York: DK Publishing, 1997.

  Karloff, Boris, ed. Tales of Terror. West Orange, NJ: Idea Men Productions, 2006.

  Kay, Jeremy. The Secret Laboratory Journals of Dr. Victor Frankenstein. Woodstock, NY: Overlook, 1995.

  Kuhns, Luke Benjamin. Sherlock Holmes and the Horror of Frankenstein. London: MX Publishing, 2013. Artist: Marcie Klinger.

  Petrucha, Stefan. The Shadow of Frankenstein. Milwaukie, OR: DH Press, 2006.

  Tremayne, Peter. Hound of Frankenstein. London: Mills & Boon, 1977.

  Yoe, Craig, ed. Dick Briefer’s Frankenstein. San Diego: IDW Publishing, 2013.

  1. This is but a partial bibliography, containing works referenced in the course of researching this book. A complete listing (albeit only through 1984, alas) of books, articles, recordings, films, games, comics, and sundry other incarnations of Frankenstein may be found in Donald Glut’s Frankenstein Catalog, cited both below and above. There are numerous incomplete bibliographies online as well. Other works are referenced in the notes to the text.

  Acknowledgments

  UNLIKE VICTOR FRANKENSTEIN, I did not work alone in creating this “hideous progeny.” The breadth of the research reflected here would not have been possible in the pre-Internet days of yore, but as always, I have relied heavily upon others in pulling together the material included. The pioneering work of Leonard Wolf, in The Annotated Frankenstein, and of James Rieger and Charles Robinson in parsing the texts, was essential to the production of this book. I am also indebted to the dozens of academicians who have written tirelessly about the Shelleys and their works, especially those who generously posted their essays for public consumption. Thanks also to Raymond McLagan of the Pepperdine University Payson Library for his help. Special thanks to Anne K. Mellor, who read the manuscript and offered valuable insights and wrote a brilliant afterword. My consulting editor/researcher, Janet Byrne, went far beyond what was expected of her in finding special material, especially those items that, in the words of Sherlock Holmes, are “a little recherché.”

  Inspiration came from my usual sources: my editors and friends Bob Weil, Marie Pantojan, Peter Miller, and the rest of the wonderful team at Liveright/W. W. Norton; my agent, Don Maass; my lawyer and friend Jonathan Kirsch; my longtime Sherlockian friends Andy Peck, Jerry Margolin, and Mike Whelan, constant cheerleaders; my amazing and generous writer-friends Laurie R. King, Nancy Holder, Lisa Morton, Cornelia Funke, and Neil Gaiman; my pal John Landis, who always seems to find something I need though I didn’t know it existed; my dear friend and writing partner Laura Caldwell, whose talent, energy, and enthusiasm astonish and inspire me; my children, Matt, Wendy, Stacy, Evan, and
Amanda; my granddaughter Maya, whose own reading of Frankenstein encouraged mine (and the rest of my grandchildren, who fill my life with joy); and especially, as always, the woman, my wife, Sharon, who proofread the story and asked all the right questions.

  LESLIE S. KLINGER

  Malibu, California

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