Cotton Club, 152, 174, 210–11
covenanted buildings, 57, 99
Crater, Joseph Force, 213
Crawford, Joan, 175
Creegan, Richard, 102
Croker, Richard, 65, 144
Crouch, Stanley, 172
Crowley, Francis “Two-Gun,” 214
Cullen, Countee, 96, 155, 241
Cullen, Frederick Asbury, 96, 155, 189–90
Daly, Richard, 194–96
Davies, Graham, 14
Davis, Benjamin J., 277
Dawson, Dick, 279–80
Daytona Educational and Industrial Training School for Negro Girls, 251
De Carlo, Peter, 216
Delamar, Killis and William, 4–5, 15, 22
Delehanty, Michael J., 66, 109
Delehanty Institute, 109, 124, 134, 137, 218
Delmonico Hotel, 281
Delmonico’s Restaurant, 148
De Martino, John, 240, 241–43, 245–46
Dempsey, Jack, 163–64, 170–71, 249
Dent, Herbert, 167–70
De Priest, Oscar Stanton, 202, 206–7, 213, 220–21, 225, 237
Detroit, white-on-black rioting in, 265–66
Devery, William “Big Bill,” 141–45, 146, 158
Divine, Major J., 244
Dixon, John, 233
“Don’t Buy Where You Can’t Work” campaign, 220, 255
Doolittle, Jimmy, 264
Dorman, John, 197–98
Dorsey, Charles A., 31
Douglass, Frederick, 10, 27, 30, 129, 200
Dowling, James, 72–73
Doyle’s Saloon, 59
Drew, Charles, 263
Du Bois, W. E. B.: on blacks in military, 129, 130; and Frederick Douglass, 30; on Jack Johnson, 62; on lynchings, 105, 110; and National Afro-American League, 61; and Harry Pace, 162; and racism, 235–36; and Needham Roberts, 287; and Woodrow Wilson, 98
Duryea, Etta Terry, 70
Edmond’s (nightclub), 40
Elias, Hannah, 84
Elks, black. See Improved Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks of the World
Ellington, Edward Kennedy “Duke,” 175–76, 281
Ellison, Ralph, 136
Enoch, May, 24–25
Enright, Richard E., 140, 145–49, 156, 158, 160–61, 170–71, 176–78, 182–84
Equitable Life Assurance Society, 161, 162
Equity Congress, 60, 75, 89–91, 98–99, 109, 120, 123
Europe, James Reese, 39, 113, 114, 119, 120, 122, 128
Ewen, David, 172
Exclusive Club, 152, 172–78, 179–80, 181–82
Fair Play Club, 201–2
Farley, Thomas, 214
Farrell, Frank, 144, 145
Federal Emergency Relief Administration, 211
Fifteenth Regiment, 111–14, 115–16, 118–20, 121–22
Fillmore, Charles W., 90, 99, 111
Firpo, Luis, 171
Flegenheimer, Arthur “Dutch Schultz,” 205, 214, 215, 218–20
Foley, Tom, 148
Forbes, Arthur Holland, 42
Ford, Margaret Russell, 101, 103, 106, 120
Fortune, Emmanuel, 29–30, 31
Fortune, Timothy Thomas, 29–31, 38, 41, 49, 50, 61, 64, 90
Foster, Dude, 69
“Freedom Church.” See African American Methodist Episcopal (AME) Zion Church (“Freedom Church”)
Freeman (newspaper), 30
The Front Page (play), 175
Fumville, Tempy, 34–37
gambling, 144, 146, 171–78, 201–7, 218–20
gangsters: at city penitentiaries, 271; and Jimmy Hines, 174, 219; and Fiorello La Guardia, 238; “Paddy, the Priest,” 93; and Special Service Division, 148; and Jimmy Walker, 210, 213, 215; at Wilkins’s Exclusive Club, 175, 181–82
Garvey, Helen, 109, 207, 225–26
Garvey, Jimmy, 93, 96, 109, 207, 225–27, 237
Garvey, Marcus, 114, 151–52, 203
Garvey, Pauline, 109, 226
Gaynor, William, 67, 73, 74
Gehrig, Lou, 259–60, 272
Gerhard, George, 216
Gershwin, George, 172
Gethers, Ephram, 133–34
Gibbs, Harriet, 119–20
Gleeson, Francis, 226
Gordon, Harry, 239, 242
Grand Central Depot, 43–47
“Great Black Way,” 151
Great Depression, 209–11
Great Migration, 4, 103, 129, 151, 218
Greenwood Forest Farms, 76, 264, 279, 286
Griffith, D. W., 104
Guardians Society, 161, 166, 168, 178, 255
Hadley, Philip W., 34–37, 67, 74
Hammerstein, Oscar, 55
Hammerstein’s Victoria Theatre, 70
Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute, 26
Handy, W. C., 162–63, 286
Harlem: in 1920s, 151–53, 192–93; Battle as police officer in, 95–97; Battle’s first apartment in, 54–57; employment of blacks at stores in, 229–31; gambling in, 171–78, 202–4, 218–20; during Great Depression, 209, 210–11; music and nightclubs in, 39–41; nightstick justice in, 237–39; population growth in 1930s of, 261–62; restrictive covenants in, 99; riots in, 239–44, 266–71; Strivers Row in, 161–65; transition to black population, 55–57
Harlem Citizens League for Fair Play, 230
Harlem Civic Union, 225
Harlem Hospital, 165
Harlem Opera House, 55
Harlem Renaissance, 77, 152, 185, 204
Harris, Arthur, 24–25, 47
Hart, Dan, 39, 52, 82
Hatfield, John, 130
Havens, John, 234
Hayden, Henry I., 32, 34, 35
Hayes, Amanda, 133–34
Hayes, Patrick Cardinal, 45, 198
Hayes, Roland, 265
Haynes, George Edmund, 288
Hays, Arthur Garfield, 241–44
Hayward, William, 111, 112, 113, 119, 122, 128
Hearst, William Randolph, 83, 89, 128
Height, Dorothy, 251–53
“Hellfighters of Harlem,” 125
Hell’s Hundred Acres, 126–27
Hell’s Kitchen, 93
Henderson, Fletcher, 163
Henry, Dominic, 157–58
Hill, Constance Valis, 197
Hines, Ike, 40
Hines, James Joseph “Jimmy”: background of, 173–74; at funeral of Baron Deware Wilkins, 182; and gambling, 171, 177, 219; humanitarian efforts of, 245; and paroles, 271–72
Hobbs, Lloyd, 240, 243
Hobbs, Russell, 240
Holmes, Ella, 95, 117
Holmes, Henry, 95, 117
Holmes, Robert, 95–97, 100, 116–17
Holstein, Casper, 201–7, 210, 218, 220, 245, 278
Holt, John, 256
Honeymoon Express (play), 52–53
Horton, Floyd, 146
Hotel Palm, 52
House of Flowers, 44–45, 155
Houston riot, 118–19
Hughes, James, 153
Hughes, Langston, 2–4, 76–78, 135–37, 153–55, 185–87, 200–201, 209–10, 236
Hugo, Francis, 128
Hylan, Mike “Red,” 146, 149, 150, 165, 184
Imes, William Lloyd, 199, 225, 230
Impellitieri, Vincent, 283
Improved Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks of the World: Battle joining, 57; Detroit convention, 58; formation of, 42; and funeral of Baron Deware Wilkins, 181; Robert Holmes in, 95; Casper Holstein in, 206; Monarch Lodge of, 181, 188, 193, 201; New York convention of, 197; testimonial dinner for Battle by, 188; J. Frank Wheaton in, 59
International Police Association, 184
Invisible Man (Ellison), 136
Irvin, Monte, 229
Jackson, Edward, 147
Jeanette, Jeremiah “Joe,” 125
Jeffries, Jim, 67–69, 171
Jim Crow segregation: and The Birth of a Nation, 104; and Thornton Cherot, 217; Frederick Douglass on, 30; and
Harlem race riot, 268; in military, 112; in New York, 98–99; in New York Fire Department, 255, 275–77; and Jesse Owens, 249; and rail travel in South, 273; on trip with Tony to South, 236; in Virginia, 16, 74; Alexander Walters on, 41
Jitter Bug Club, 238
Joaquin, Lawrence, 115
Joe, Lovie, 68
Johnson, Arthur John (Jack), 61–63, 67–70, 125, 171, 181
Johnson, Charles Spurgeon, 185, 192
Johnson, Henry, 121–23, 128, 129, 261, 287
Johnson, James P., 41, 172
Johnson, James Weldon: and blacks in military, 112; on churches, 151; on contribution of blacks to American culture, 187; on education of Charline, 207; on future of Harlem, 153, 193, 209; at Marshall Hotel, 39, 52
Johnson, John H., 229–30, 255, 267, 281
Johnson, J. Rosamond, 39, 52
Just Around the Corner (musical), 136
Keene, Olive, 191, 194
Kelly, Margaret, 261
King, David, 161–62
Kline, Emmanuel, 147, 267
Ku Klux Klan, 29, 98, 104
La Guardia, Achille, 221–22
La Guardia, Fiorello H.: background of, 221–25; in Congress, 206, 213, 222–23; election as mayor, 216, 220, 223; and Harlem riots, 240, 241–43, 266–72; and integration of Baltimore Police Department, 254; and NAACP, 256; and New York Fire Department, 275–78; and nightstick justice, 237–38; and NYPD, 224–25; and William O’Dwyer, 282; and Jesse Owens, 249; and Parole Commission, 260, 264
La Guardia, Irene Luzzatto-Coen, 221
Lahey, William (Bill), 170–71, 177
Langford, Sam (“Boston Tar Baby”), 125, 163, 179, 181, 247, 249
Langston, Carrie, 153
Las Estrellas Club, 212
Laurie, Edward, 238
Leary, Lewis Sheridan, 153–54, 200, 201
Lee, Edward E. “Chief,” 65, 72
Lee, John W., 34–37, 67, 74, 75
Leeks, Leroy, 195–96
Lieutenants Benevolent Association, 146, 158
Little, Arthur, 123, 126
Little Savoy (nightclub), 40, 41, 63, 69, 70
Locke, Alain, 185, 243
Lopez, Vincent, 213
Lord, James Brown, 161
Los Angeles, white-on-black rioting in, 265
Louis, Joe “The Brown Bomber,” 247, 257, 281
Luciano, Lucky, 157, 171, 208, 241
lynchings, 99, 105, 110, 129–30, 252
Maceo Hotel, 39
Madden, Owney “The Killer,” 210–11
Majestic Hotel, 83
Manley, Effa, 229–30
march on Washington (1940), 262–63
Marshall, Napoleon Bonaparte, 111–12, 119–20, 128
Marshall, Thurgood, 273, 288
Marshall Hotel, 39, 52, 69, 82, 113
Martin, Charles, 96
Mason, Charlotte, 187, 209
Mason, John, 52–53
Mayhew, James, 38
Mayor’s Commission on Conditions in Harlem, 241–44
McAdoo, William, 50
McBride’s Saloon, 46–47, 69
McGowan, Patrick, 64
McHugh, Patrick, 168
McInerny, John, 240
McKay, Claude, 155
McLaughlin, George V., 187, 191
Messenger (magazine), 152
Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, 266–67
Miles, Nelson, 103
military: black regiment in, 90–91, 110–14, 118–20, 121–23, 125–26, 127–29; segregation in, 103–4, 262–63
military bases, violence around, 263
Miller, Conery (Mrs.), 264
Miller, Dorie, 263, 264
Miller, William “Yellow Charleston,” 167, 180–81
Mitchell, John Puroy, 67, 107
Monarch Lodge (Elks), 181, 188, 193, 201
Mooney, William, 140
Moore, Frederick Randolph: on black military regiment, 115–16; on blacks in NYPD, 64–65, 72–74, 75; death of, 287; on death of Herbert Dent, 169; as editor of New York Age, 64; and Harlem Citizens League for Fair Play, 230; and Fiorello La Guardia, 225; and promotion of Wesley Williams, 183; on saloons in Harlem, 172–73; on white-on-black violence, 266; and Baron Deware Wilkins, 176, 181
Moore, Paul, 205
Morton, Ferdinand Q., 181
Morton, Jelly Roll, 41, 172
Moses, Robert, 224
Moskowitz, Henry, 60–61
Motz, Otto, 167–168
Mulrooney, Edward, 214
Murphy, Charles Francis, 148
Murphy, Michael, 145
music, 152, 162–63, 172
Nail, John B., 40, 96
National Afro-American League, 30–31, 41, 61
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 60–61, 225, 256
National Council of Negro Women, 251, 252, 253
National Football League, 258
National Guard regiment, 90, 99
National Youth Administration, 251
Native Son (Wright), 136
“Negro Bohemia,” 39
Negro League baseball, 176, 229, 249–50
Nelson, John, 36
Newark Eagles, 229
New Bern, North Carolina, 4, 9–14, 166, 232–33
Newcombe, Don, 190
New Deal programs, 211
New Negro, 129, 147, 210, 261
New York: Samuel Battle’s arrival in, 15–19; after Civil War, 19–21; and lure to blacks, 4–5; slavery in, 18–19; white-on-black racial violence in, 49, 91, 115, 132–34, 266–71
New York Age (newspaper), 30–31, 38, 40, 42, 49–50, 56, 64–65, 68, 71, 72, 99, 112, 115, 152–153, 169, 172, 176, 180, 181, 219, 221, 225, 230, 267, 286
New York Clearing House, 202–3
New York Fire Department, 99, 120–21, 123–25, 126–27, 130–31, 255, 275–78
New York Globe (newspaper), 30, 133
New York Police Department (NYPD): in 1900, 21; Battle’s efforts to join, 50–51, 65–67, 71–75; brutalization by, 167–70; calls to integrate, 63–65; early attempts to integrate, 31–36; graft in, 142–43, 146, 148; in parades, 105; Radio Gun Squad of, 214–15; Special Service Division of, 147–50, 156, 158–60, 171–78; structure of, 141; and Tammany Hall, 141–45; Twenty-Eighth Precinct, 80–89, 91–94; violence by, 49–51; women in, 147–48
Nice, Harry, 254
Nicholson, William, 124
nightclubs, 40–41, 152, 172–78
Ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry Battalion, 90
Norris, Charles, 169
North American Aviation, 262
numbers game, 202–4, 218–20. See also gambling
NYPD. See New York Police Department (NYPD)
Oden, Curtis, 166
Oden, Mary Elizabeth Battle, 37–38, 166, 188, 208, 235
O’Dwyer, William, 279, 280, 281, 282
O’Neill, Cosmo, 165
O’Ryan, John, 224
O’Toole, John, 131, 198, 254–55
Overton, Wiley Grenada, 31–36, 67, 74
Ovington, Mary White, 42–43, 48–49, 56, 59, 60–61, 101
Owens, Emma, 248
Owens, Henry, 248
Owens, Jesse, 248–50
Owens, Ruth, 248, 249
Pabst, Fred, 55
Pabst Harlem, 55
Pace, Ethylene, 162
Pace, Harry, 162–63
Packard Motor Car Company, 266
Palmer, Thomas, 85
parades: Easter, 244; Elks, 197; NYPD, 105, 215; for return of 369th Infantry, 128–29
Parchmont, Cora, 147–48
Parole Commission, 260–61, 271–72, 281, 282
pawnbrokers, 191, 194
Payton, Philip A., Jr., 56
Pearl Button Gang, 69
Pearl Harbor, 261, 263
People’s Advocate (newspaper), 30
Peyton, Thomas Henry, 71–72
Pioneer Sporting Club, 247
Pitt, Albert, 176–77
Pitts
burgh Crawfords, 249–50
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), 13, 41, 61, 288
Pohndorf, Henry, 168
polio, 108–9
Powell, Adam Clayton, 181
Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr., 230–31, 277, 281–82
Powell, Isabelle, 231
Powell, Sarah, 44, 54
Price, Bruce, 161
Price, Joseph C., 11–12
Prohibition, 156–60, 174
Radio Gun Squad, 214–15, 240
railway workers strike, 107–8
Rampersad, Arnold, viii, 136, 153, 186
Ramsey, C. A., 71, 125
Randolph, A. Philip, 152, 225, 241, 262
Ransom, Reverdy, 63–64, 67, 90
Rao, Joseph, 271
redcaps, 43–47, 52–54, 63, 70, 79, 102–3
Redding, Wesley, 147, 160–61, 168–69
Red Shirts, 13, 234
Red Summer, 131–34
Rhodes, Jasper, 100, 105, 167
Rivera, Lino, 239–41, 242
Roaring Twenties, 152–53, 156–58
Roberts, Emma, 113, 119
Roberts, E. P.: and appointment of Battle to NYPD, 72–73; and birth of Carroll, 106; death of, 286–87; delivery of Charline, 94; delivery of Florence, 57–58; delivery of Jesse, 47–48, 51; and Fiorello La Guardia, 225, 241
Roberts, Iola, 287
Roberts, Needham, 113–14, 119, 121–23, 129, 287
Roberts, Norman, 113, 119
Robeson, Benjamin, 190
Robeson, Paul, 151, 190
Robinson, Bill “Bojangles,” 196–97, 206, 248–49, 250, 280–82
Robinson, Fannie, 217, 250
Robinson, Jackie, 3, 190, 258, 281, 286
Robinson, Sugar Ray, 189–90, 283
Rockefeller, John D., 17, 26, 52, 250
Roosevelt, Edith, 27
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1, 250–53, 259, 264–65, 270, 288–89
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano: and antilynching bill, 252; and Mary McLeod Bethune, 251; and black soldiers, 274; as governor, 213, 215; and Fiorello La Guardia, 223; and march on Washington (1940), 262; New Deal programs of, 211; and Jesse Owens, 249
Roosevelt, Theodore (Teddy): and Charles Anderson, 72; on birth of Theodore Battle, 117; and black soldiers, 111; dining with Booker T. Washington at White House, 25–26, 27–28; endorsement of Wesley Williams, 124; greeted by redcaps, 53–54; and E. P. Roberts, 287; in Spanish-American War, 14; and Tammany Hall, 143–45; at Yale University, 28, 74–75
Rose, Garfield, 116–17
Roth, Herbert, 191–92, 194
Roth, Joseph, 191–92, 194
Rothstein, Arnold, 148, 157–58, 175, 213
Rowe, Billy, 283
Royal Café, 172
Royall, John M., 55–56
Ruffin, Joe, 130
San Juan Hill (New York), 38, 54, 80, 92; Siege of, 49–50
Savoy Ballroom, 266
Scheff, William, 34
Schmeling, Max, 247–48, 257
One Righteous Man : Samuel Battle and the Shattering of the Color Line in New York (9780807012611) Page 37