One Righteous Man : Samuel Battle and the Shattering of the Color Line in New York (9780807012611)

Schmittberger, Max, 89

  Schomburg, Arthur, 38–39, 75, 106, 230

  Schultz, Dutch, 205, 214, 215, 218–20

  Schuyler, George, 153

  Seabury, Samuel, 213

  segregation. See Jim Crow segregation

  separate but equal accommodations. See Brown v. Board of Education (1954); Jim Crow segregation; Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

  Sergeants Benevolent Association, 145

  Shapiro, Jacob “Gurrah,” 226

  Shuffle Along (musical), 163

  Silent Protest Parade, 116

  Sims, George, 48, 115, 228

  Singleton, William, 160

  Sissle, Noble, 41, 113, 119, 128, 163

  slavery: in New Bern, NC, 10; in New York, 18–19

  Small’s Paradise, 152, 174

  Smart, James, 273

  Smith, Ada Beatrice Queen Victoria Louisa Virginia (“Bricktop”), 174–76

  Smith, Isaac H., 233–35

  Smith, James, 181

  Smith, Willie “The Lion,” 41

  Smothergill, Alverstone, 278

  Sojourner Truth Homes, 265–66

  Spanish-American War, 14, 38, 53, 90, 111, 222

  speakeasies, 156, 159

  Special Service Division, 147–50, 156, 158–60, 171–78

  Springfield, Illinois, white-on-black racial violence in, 58–59

  St. Clair, Stephanie, 219, 220

  Stewart, Abraham, 93–94, 96

  Stewart, T. McCants, 31

  Stimson, Henry, 262

  stock market crash, 209

  Strausner, Anton, 100

  Straw Hat Riot, 132–34

  Street Scenes (opera), 136

  Strivers Row, 162–65

  Strode, Woody, 258

  The Stroll, 151

  Stuyvesant Town, 267

  Sufi, Abdul Hamid, 230

  Sullivan, “Big Tim,” 144, 145

  Sullivan, John L., 62

  Tammany Hall: background of, 140–41; Herbert Bruce and, 244–45; “Honest Dan” Costigan and, 146; William “Big Bill” Devery and, 141–45; Fiorello La Guardia and, 213; Edward E. “Chief” Lee and, 65; George V. McLaughlin and, 187; Charles Francis Murphy and, 148; and NYPD, 21, 90; Roths (Joseph and Herbert) and, 191; Charles Thorley and, 44, 126; James “Jimmy” Walker and, 184; Baron Deware Wilkins and, 40, 171–74, 177

  Tandy, Vertner, 163

  Taylor, Alexander, 23

  Taylor, Nancy Battle, 15, 23, 37

  Tenderloin District (New York), 20, 21–22, 40–41

  tenements, 18, 48–49

  Thomas, J. C., 60, 72, 89

  Thompson, William, 182

  Thorley, Charles, 44–45, 83, 124, 126, 155

  Thorpe, Robert, 24–25, 47

  369th Infantry, 122–23, 125–26, 127–29

  Truman, Harry, 152, 282

  Turf Club, 204, 205

  Turner, Haynes, 129–30

  Turner, Mary, 129–30

  “turnkeys,” 72

  Tuskegee Institute, 26

  Tweed, William Marcy “Boss,” 141

  20th Century Limited (train), 52, 61, 63, 70

  Twenty-Fourth Infantry, 118–20

  Union Baptist Church, 48, 115

  United Colored Democracy, 65, 72

  United Negro Improvement Association, 151–52

  Urban League, 263, 285, 288

  Valentine, Lewis: and black recruits to NYPD, 263, 270–71; Richard E. Enright and, 146; and Harlem riots, 240–41, 244, 268; and integration of Baltimore Police Department, 254; and Fiorello La Guardia, 224; and nightstick justice, 237–38

  Van Wyck, Robert, 145

  vaudeville, 60, 196–97

  Villard, Oswald Garrison, 61, 237, 241

  Volstead Act (1920), 156

  Vulcans, 255, 275–76

  Waco, Texas, lynching, 110

  Wagner, Robert F., 198

  Walcott, Joe, 40

  Waldo, Rhinelander, 74, 78–79, 95

  Walker, A’Lelia, 152, 186, 209–10

  Walker, C. J. (Madame), 152

  Walker, George, 39, 52, 60

  Walker, James “Jimmy,” 184–85, 187, 198, 210, 213, 215

  Walling, William English, 59, 60–61

  Walsh, Patrick, 274–77

  Walters, Alexander, 41–42, 61, 90, 98

  Washington, Booker Taliaferro, 25–28, 31, 53, 64, 74–75, 290

  Washington, Jesse, 110

  Washington, Kenny, 258

  Webber, George, 205

  Weinberg, George, 219

  Wells, Ida B., 30

  Werner, M. R., 148

  Wesley, James, 54

  Wexler, Irving “Waxey Gordon,” 157

  Whaley, Frank, 168

  Wheaton, J. Frank, 59, 72, 74, 75, 90, 109, 111

  White, George H., 206

  White, Nate, 87

  White, Philip A., 31

  White, Stanford, 162

  White, Walter, 227–28, 252, 262, 267, 268–70

  white-on-black racial violence: between 1885 and 1914, 105; in 1930s, 252; in 1943, 265–71; in The Birth of a Nation, 104; in East St. Louis, Illinois, 114–15; and Henry Wills, 164; and Jack Johnson, 69; in New York, 49, 91, 115, 132–34; protest against, 116; in Waco, Texas, 110; after World War I, 129–30, 131–34

  white supremacists, 13

  Whitman, Charles, 109–11, 112, 128

  whooping cough, 150

  Wilkins, Baron Deware, 40, 41, 63, 68, 69, 70, 171–78, 179–82

  Wilkins, Leroy, 172

  Willemse, Cornelius, 137–38, 147

  Williams, Bert, 39, 52, 59–60, 72, 90, 109, 111, 113

  Williams, Charles, 106, 120

  Williams, Gertrude, 54, 106

  Williams, James, 120, 286

  Williams, James H.: and appointment of Wesley Williams to New York Fire Department, 126; background of, 43–45; Harlem apartment of, 54; and Jack Johnson, 70; move to Williamsbridge, 97–98, 106; and promotion of Wesley Williams, 197–98; and redcaps, 43–46, 197; and Charles Thorley, 44–45, 83

  Williams, John Wesley, 44

  Williams, Leroy, 54

  Williams, Lucy Metresh, 44, 54, 97–98

  Williams, Margaret Russell Ford, 101, 103, 106, 120

  Williams, Wesley Augustus: appointment to New York Fire Department, 123–25; and Carroll Battle, 258–59; birth of, 44; as boxer, 178–79; childhood of, 54, 71, 97–98; danger faced by, 130, 182, 216; as driver of fire engine, 139–40; at Engine Company 55, 126–27; founding of Vulcans, 255; harassment of, 130–31, 279–80; and integration of New York Fire Department, 120–21, 275–77; marriage of, 106; as probationary firefighter, 138–39; promotion to battalion chief, 254–55; promotion to captain, 217, 237; promotion to lieutenant, 182, 183, 197–99; retirement of, 286; transfer closer to home, 274–75; and Vulcans, 256; work for US Post Office, 106; work on subway tunnel, 100–103

  Williamsbridge (Bronx, New York), 98, 105–6

  Wills, Harry, 163–64, 171

  Wilson, J. Finley, 206

  Wilson, Woodrow: and black military regiment, 103–4, 112; at Grand Central Station, 52; and Houston riot, 119; and Jim Crow segregation, 98–99; and Silent Protest Parade, 116; and World War I, 109, 113, 222; at Yale University, 28

  Wings Over Jordan (radio show), 261

  women in NYPD, 147–48

  Wood, Robert N., 72, 75

  Woods, Arthur, 117

  Woodson, John, 124–25

  World War I, 103–4, 110–14, 118–20, 121–23, 127–29

  World War II, 261–65

  Wright, Louis Tompkins, 164–65, 181, 207, 211, 256

  Wright, Richard, 136

  Yale University, 25, 28

  YMCA, Colored Men’s Branch of, 71, 125, 179

  Young Women’s Christian Association (YWCA), 250

  Zabutinski, Abraham, 238

  BEACON PRESS

  Boston, Massachusetts

  www.beacon.org

  Beacon Press books are published under the auspices of the Unitarian U
niversalist Association of Congregations.

  © 2015 by Arthur Browne

  All rights reserved

  Printed in the United States of America

  18 17 16 15 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

  This book is printed on acid-free paper that meets the uncoated paper ANSI/NISO specifications for permanence as revised in 1992.

  Text design and composition by Kim Arney

  Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

  Browne, Arthur.

  One righteous man : Samuel Battle and the shattering of the color line in New York / Arthur Browne.

  pages cm

  Includes bibliographical references and index.

  eISBN 978-0-8070-1261-1 (ebook)

  ISBN 978-0-8070-1260-4 (hardcover : alk. paper)

  1. Battle, Samuel J., 1883-1966. 2. African American police—New York (State)—New York—Biography. 3. Police—

  New York (State)—New York—Biography. 4. New York (N.Y.) Police Department—Biography. 5. New York (N.Y.)—

  Race relations. I. Title.

  HV7911.B38B76 2015

  363.2092—dc23

  [B]

  2014043794