The Quiet World: Saving Alaska's Wilderness Kingdom, 1879-1960

by Douglas Brinkley

  12. Dyan Zaslowsky, Tom H. Watkins, and Wilderness Society, These American Lands: Parks, Wilderness, and the Public Lands (Washington, DC: Island, 1994), p. 287.

  13. Kollin, Nature’s State, p. 32.

  14. Linnie Marsh Wolfe (ed.), John of the Mountains: The Unpublished Journals of John Muir (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1979), p. 245. (Reprint of the original, Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1938.)

  15. Robert Engberg and Bruce Merrell, John Muir: Letters from Alaska (Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press, 2009).

  16. Muir, Travels in Alaska, pp. 314–315.

  17. John Muir, “Notes of a Naturalist: John Muir in Alaska—Wrangell Island and Its Picturesque Attractions,” San Francisco Daily Evening Bulletin (September 6, 1879), p. 1.

  18. Melham, John Muir’s Wild America, p. 136.

  19. S. Hall Young, Alaska Days with John Muir (New York: Fleming H. Revell, 1915), pp. 29–30.

  20. Muir, Travels in Alaska, p. 21.

  21. Kollin, Nature’s State, p. 29.

  22. Peter A. Coates, The Trans-Alaska Pipeline Controversy: Technology, Conservation, and the Frontier (Anchorage: University of Alaska Press, 1993), p. 40.

  23. D. K. Hall, C. S. Benson, and W. O. Field, “Changes of Glaciers in Glacier Bay, Alaska,” in Physical Geography (Elsevier/Geo Abstracts, 1992), pp. 27–41.

  24. Muir, Travels in Alaska, p. 13.

  25. Michael F. Turek, “John Muir, Glacier Bay, and the Tlingit Indians: Rapid Landscape Change and Human Response in the Arctic and Sub-Arctic,” June 15–18, 2005. (ICSU Dark Nature Project, Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada.)

  26. Melham, John Muir’s Wild America, p. 19.

  27. Young, Alaska Days with John Muir, p. 99.

  28. Wolfe, John of the Mountains, pp. 272–273. Also Muir, Travels in Alaska, pp. 142–146.

  29. Kim Heacox, Alaska’s Inside Passage (Portland, OR: Graphic Arts Center Public Library, 1997), p. 79.

  30. Katherine Hocker, Alaska’s Glaciers: Frozen in Motion (Anchorage: Alaska Natural History Association, 2006), p. 8.

  31. Donald Worster, A Passion for Nature: The Life of John Muir (New York: Oxford University Press, 2008), p. 251.

  32. Muir, Travels in Alaska, p. 156. Also John Muir, “Fort Wrangell, October 16, 1879,” San Francisco Daily Evening Bulletin, November 8, 1879, p. 1.

  33. Muir, Travels in Alaska, p. 145.

  34. Young, Alaska Days with John Muir, pp. 108–112.

  35. Molnia, Glaciers of Alaska, p. 8.

  36. Ibid., pp. 97–111.

  37. Ibid., p. 126.

  38. Worster, A Passion for Nature, pp. 256–257.

  39. Young, Alaska Days with John Muir, p. 71.

  40. John Muir, “An Adventure with a Dog and a Glacier,” Century, Vol. 54 (August 1897), p. 771.

  41. John Muir, Stickeen (Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1910).

  42. Worster, A Passion for Nature, pp. 260–261.

  43. Muir, Travels in Alaska, p. 263.

  44. Marcus Baker, Geographic Dictionary of Alaska (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1906).

  45. Young, Alaska Days with John Muir, p. 32.

  46. Rod Miller, John Muir: Magnificent Tramp (New York: Forge, 2005), p. 112.

  47. Author interview with the archivist Michael Wurtz, July 1, 2010.

  48. John Muir, Alaska Glacier Drawings, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA. (Unpublished inventory.)

  49. Muir, Travels in Alaska, p. v.

  50. Ibid.

  51. Young, Alaska Days with John Muir, pp. 202–206.

  52. John Muir, The Writings of John Muir: The Cruise of the Corwin (New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1917), p. xxvi.

  53. Worster, A Passion for Nature, p. 204.

  54. Muir, The Writings of John Muir: The Cruise of the Corwin, p. 24.

  55. Ibid., p. 91.

  56. Dan Flores, Visions of the Big Sky: Painting and Photographing the Northern Rocky Mountain West (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2010), p. 113.

  57. John Burroughs, “Narrative of the Expedition,” in Harriman Alaska Expedition, 13 vols. (New York: Doubleday, Page, 1902), Vol. 1, pp. 18–80.

  58. Glaciers in Alaska (Anchorage: Alaska Geographic Society, 2003), p. 72.

  59. Laurie Lawlor, Shadow Catcher: The Life and Work of Edward S. Curtis (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2005), p. 37.

  60. William H. Goetzmann and Kay Sloan, Looking Far North: The Harriman Expedition to Alaska, 1899 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1982), p. 113.

  61. Ibid., pp. 200–206.

  62. Nancy Lord, Green Alaska: Dreams from the Far Coast (Washington, DC: Counterpoint, 1999), p. xix.

  63. Quoted in Molnia, Glaciers of Alaska, p. 76.

  64. Quoted in “Celebrating Wild Alaska: Twenty Years of the Alaska Lands Act” (Washington, DC: Alaska Wilderness League, December 2000). (Pamphlet.)

  65. John Muir to Harry F. Reid, February 26, 1891, Muir Papers, University of the Pacific.

  66. Muir, Travels in Alaska, p. 145.

  67. Engberg and Merrell, John Muir: Letters from Alaska, pp. xx–xxvi.

  68. Knut Hamsun, The Cultural Life of Modern America (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1969), p. 78.

  69. “The Philosophy of John Muir,” in John Muir, Edwin Way Teale, and Henry Bugbee Kane, The Wilderness World of John Muir (New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2001), p. 315.

  1. Charles Emmerson, The Future History of the Arctic (New York: Public Affairs, 2010), p. xiii.

  2. Stephen Brown (ed.), Arctic Wings: Birds of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (Seattle, WA: Mountaineers, 2006), p. 115.

  3. Paul Schullery, American Bears: Selections from the Writings of Theodore Roosevelt (Boulder, CO: Robert Rinehart, 1998), p. 77.

  4. Laurie Lawlor, Shadow Catcher: The Life and Work of Edward S. Curtis (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2005), p. 37.

  5. Richard Ellis, On Thin Ice: The Changing World of the Polar Bear (New York: Knopf, 2009), pp. 13–68.

  6. Theodore Roosevelt, Hunting Trips of a Ranchman: Sketches of Sport on the Northern Cattle Plains (New York: Putnam, 1885).

  7. Theodore Roosevelt, The Wilderness Hunter (New York: Putnam, 1893), p. 271. Also Paul Russell Cutright, Theodore Roosevelt: The Making of a Conservationist (Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1985), p. 172.

  8. Walter R. Borneman, Alaska: Saga of a Bold Land (New York: HarperCollins, 2003), pp. 18–19.

  9. Nancy Lord, Green Alaska: Dreams from the Far Coast (Washington, DC: Counterpoint, 1999), p. 99.

  10. Andromeda Romano-Lax, Chugach National Forest: Legacy of Land, Sea, and Sky (Anchorage: Alaska Natural History Association, 2007), p. 51.

  11. Ibid., pp. 20–21.

  12. Barry Lopez, Arctic Dreams: Imagination and Desire in a Northern Landscape (New York: Vintage, 2001), p. 339. (Originally published New York: Scribner, 1986.) Also Georg Wilhelm Steller, Steller’s History of Kamchatka (Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press, 2003).

  13. Stephen Haycox, Alaska: An American Colony (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2002), pp. 50–51.

  14. Frank Dufresne, “Foreword,” in Corey Ford, Where the Sea Breaks Its Back: The Epic Story of Early Naturalist George Steller and the Russian Exploration of Alaska (Anchorage: Alaska Northwest, 1966), p. x.

  15. Harry Ritter, Alaska’s History: The People, Land, and Events of the North Country (Anchorage: Alaska Northwest, 1993), pp. 92–93.

  16. John Muir, The Writings of John Muir: The Cruise of the Corwin (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1917), p. 91.

  17. Terry Gifford, John Muir: His Life and Letters and Other Writings (Seattle: Mountaineers, 1996), p. 804.

  18. Lord, Green Alaska, pp. 134–135.

  19. Dave Smith, Alaska’s Mammals (Anchorage: Alaska Northwest, 2007), pp. 7–82.

  20. John Muir, Travels in Alaska (Boston, MA, and New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1915), p. 56.

  21. Lawlor, Shadow Catcher, pp. 37–38.

 
; 22. Glenn Holder, Talking Totem Poles (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1973), p. 44.

  23. Stacey Bredhoff, America’s Originals (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2001), p. 58.

  24. “President Talks to Alaskans,” Seattle Sunday Times, May 24, 1903.

  25. Peggy Wayburn, “The Last True Wilderness,” in Mike Miller and Peggy Wayburn, Alaska: The Great Land (San Francisco, CA: Sierra Club, 1974), p. 127.

  26. Ritter, Alaska’s History, p. 47.

  27. Joan M. Antonson and William S. Hanable, Alaska’s Heritage, Unit 4, Human History: 1867 to Present (Anchorage: Alaska Heritage Society, 1985), pp. 228–229.

  28. The Works of Rudyard Kipling (Wordsworth Editions, 2001), p. 123.

  29. Wayburn, “The Last True Wilderness,” p. 127. Also The Alaskans (New York: Time-Life Books, 1977), p. 180.

  30. Borneman, Alaska, pp. 102–153.

  31. Morgan B. Sherwood, Exploration of Alaska: 1865–1900 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1965), pp. 36–56.

  32. Frank Graham Jr., Man’s Dominion: The Story of Conservation in America (New York: M. Evans, 1971), p. 185.

  33. Rex Beach, The Winds of Change (New York: Putnam, 1945), p. 121.

  34. William R. Hunt, North of 53: The Wild Days of the Alaska-Yukon Mining Frontier, 1870–1914 (Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press, 1974), p. xv.

  35. Miller and Wayburn, Alaska: The Great Land, p. 113.

  36. Paul Brooks, The Pursuit of Wilderness (Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1971), p. 59.

  37. Claus-M. Naske and Herman E. Slotnick, Alaska: A History of the 49th State (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1994), p. 140.

  38. Roderick Frazier Nash, Wilderness and the American Mind (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2001), p. 154.

  39. Frank M. Chapman to Theodore Roosevelt, June 10, 1911, Ornithology Department Archive, American Museum of Natural History, New York.

  1. John Burroughs, “Narrative of the Expedition,” in Harriman Alaska Expedition (New York: Doubleday, Page, 1902), Vol. 1, pp. 18–80. Also William H. Dall, Alaska and Its Resources (Boston, MA: Lee and Shepard, 1870).

  2. George Bird Grinnell, “What We May Learn from the Indian,” Forest and Stream, Vol. 86 (March 1916), p. 846.

  3. Linnie M. Wolfe, John of the Mountains: The Unpublished Journals of John Muir (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1979), p. 400.

  4. William H. Goetzmann and Kay Sloan, Looking Far North: The Harriman Expedition, 1899 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1982), pp. 116–128.

  5. George Kennan, E. H. Harriman: A Biography (Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1922).

  6. Claus-M. Naske and Herman E. Slotnick, Alaska: A History of the 49th State (Norman: Oklahoma University Press, 1987), p. 3.

  7. “Ex-Gov. John G. Brady Dies,” New York Times, December 19, 1918.

  8. Harriman Alaska Expedition (New York: Doubleday, Page, 1902), Vol. 2, p. 138.

  9. Stephen Haycox and Alexandra J. McClanahan, Alaska’s Scrapbook: Moments in Alaska History 1816–1998 (Portland, OR: Graphic Arts Center, 2008), pp. 119–120.

  10. Ibid., pp. 29–30.

  11. Corinne Roosevelt Robinson, “My Brother, Theodore Roosevelt,” Scribner’s, Vol. 69 (1921), p. 132.

  12. Goetzmann and Sloan, Looking Far North, p. 90.

  13. Laurie Lawlor, Shadow Catcher: The Life and Work of Edward S. Curtis (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2005), p. 5.

  14. Goetzmann and Sloan, Looking Far North, pp. 181–192.

  15. Theodore Roosevelt, “Foreword,” in Edward S. Curtis, The North American Indian: Being a Series of Volumes Picturing and Describing the Indians of the United States and Alaska (Author, 1907). (Foreword is dated October 1, 1906.)

  16. Andromeda Romano-Lax, Chugach National Forest: Legacy of Land, Sea, and Sky (Anchorage: Alaska Natural History Association, 2007), p. 38.

  17. Lawrence Martin, “Glacial Scenery in Alaska,” Bulletin of the American Geographical Society, Vol. 47, No. 3 (1915), p. 173.

  18. Ed Marston, “The Genesis of the West,” High Country News, January 11, 2010.

  19. Theodore Roosevelt to Serena E. Pratt, March 3, 1906, L. Dennis Shapiro Private Collection, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts.

  20. Ken Spotwood, “History of the Arctic Brotherhood,” Klondike Sun (Archive of the Arctic Brotherhood, Seattle, WA).

  21. “President Talks to Alaskans,” Seattle Sunday Times, May 24, 1903.

  22. Pinchot, quoted in Lawrence W. Rakestraw, A History of the United States Forest Service in Alaska (Anchorage: Cooperative Publication of Alaska Historical Commission, Department of Education, State of Alaska, and Alaska Region USDA Forest Service, 1981–2002). (Electronic version available courtesy of Forest History Society.)

  23. T. J. Jackson Lears, No Place of Grace: Antimodernism and the Transformation of American Culture, 1880–1920 (New York: Pantheon, 1981).

  24. John Muir, Travels in Alaska (Boston, MA, and New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1915), p. 13.

  25. Jonathan Raban, Passage to Juneau: A Sea and Its Meaning (New York: Random House, 1999), p. 332.

  26. Quoted in “The Conservation of Wild Life,” Outlook, Vol. 109 (January 20, 1915).

  27. Naske and Slotnick, Alaska, pp. 101–102.

  28. Polly Miller and Leon Miller, Lost Heritage of Alaska: The Adventure and Art of the Alaskan Coastal Indians (New York: Bonanza, 1967), pp. 243–252.

  29. David E. Conrad, “Creating the Nation’s Largest Forest Reserve: Roosevelt, Emmons, and the Tongass National Forest,” Pacific Historical Review, Vol. 46, No. 1 (February 1977), pp. 65–83.

  30. Barry Lopez, Arctic Dreams: Imagination and Desire in a Northern Landscape (New York: Vintage, 2001), p. 210.

  31. George T. Emmons, “The Woodlands of Alaska,” Tongass National Forest Archive, Ketchikan, AK.

  32. Conrad, “Creating the Nation’s Largest Forest Reserve.”

  33. Ibid.

  34. Lawrence W. Rakestraw, A History of the United States Forest Service in Alaska (Anchorage: Alaska Historical Commission, 1981), Foreword.

  35. Walter R. Borneman, Alaska: Saga of a Bold Land (New York: HarperCollins, 2003), pp. 4–15.

  36. Romano-Lax, Chugach National Forest, p. 75.

  37. John Burroughs, Alaska: The Harriman Expedition, 1899 (New York: Doubleday, Page, 1902), p. 69.

  38. Nancy Lord, Rock, Water, Wild: An Alaskan Life (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2009), p. 73.