Running Science

by Owen Anderson

  8. St. Claire Gibson, A. et al. Reduced neuromuscular activity and force generation during prolonged cycling. American Journal of Physiology–Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, Vol. 281, pp. R187-R196, 2001.

  9. Kay, D. et al. Evidence for neuromuscular fatigue during high-intensity cycling in warm, humid conditions. European Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 84, pp. 115-121, 2001.

  10. Billat, V. et al. Training and bioenergetic characteristics in elite male and female Kenyan runners. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, Vol. 35, pp. 297-304, 2003.

  11. Kayser, B. Exercise starts and ends in the brain. European Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 90, pp. 411-419, 2003.

  12. Nummela, A. et al. Neuromuscular factors determining 5 km running performance and running economy in well-trained athletes. European Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 97, pp. 1-8, 2006.

  13. Ansley, L. et al. Anticipatory pacing strategies during supramaximal exercise lasting longer than 30 seconds. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, Vol. 36, pp. 309-314, 2004.

  14. Ansley, L. et al. Regulation of pacing strategies during successive 4-km time trials. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, Vol. 36, pp. 1819-1825, 2004.

  15. Creer, A. et al. Neural, metabolic and performance adaptations to four weeks of high intensity sprint-interval training in trained cyclists. International Journal of Sports Medicine, Vol. 25, pp. 92-98, 2004.

  Chapter 49 Psychological Strategies for Improved Performance

  1. Morgan, W. Psychogenic factors and exercise metabolism: A review. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, Vol. 17 (3), pp. 309-316, 1985.

  2. Weinberg, R. et al. Effects of association, dissociation, and positive self-talk strategies on endurance performance. Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Science, Vol. 9 (1), pp. 25-32, 1984.

  3. Morgan, W. and Pollack, M. Psychogenic characterization of the elite distance runner. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 301, pp. 382-403, 1977.

  4. Anderson, O. Mental strategies for runners. Running Research News, Vol. 1 (2), pp. 1-2, Sept.-Oct. 1985.

  5. Anderson, O. Psychological skills training boosts running performance. Running Research News, Vol. 7 (6), pp. 1, 4-6, Nov.-Dec.1991.

  6. Psychological skills training. Second IOC World Congress on Sport Sciences, Barcelona, Spain, Oct. 26-31, 1991.

  7. Jeffery P. Simons, interview with author, Second IOC World Congress on Sport Sciences, Barcelona, Spain, Oct. 26-31, 1991.

  8. Smith, A. et al. Attention strategy use by experienced distance runners: Physiological and psychological effects. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, Vol. 66 (2), pp. 142-150, 1995.

  9. Anderson, O. Let your mind control your heart—and make you a better runner. Running Research News, Vol. 12 (10), pp. 1-4, Dec. 1996.

  10. Lemyre, P. et al. A social cognitive approach to burnout in elite athletes. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, Vol. 18 (2), pp. 221-234, 2008.

  11. Freudenberger, H.J. Burnout. New York: Doubleday Press, 1980.

  12. Gold, Y. and Roth, R. Teachers managing stress and preventing burnout: The professional health solution. London: Falmer Press, 1993.

  13. Raedeke, T. Is athlete burnout more than just stress? A sport commitment perspective. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, Vol. 19, pp. 396-417, 1997.

  14. Gould, D. et al. Burnout in competitive junior tennis players. I. A quantitative psychological assessment. Sport Psychology, Vol. 10, pp. 322-340, 1996.

  15. Understanding the dynamics of motivation in physical activity: The influence of achievement goals on motivational processes. In Advances in motivation in sport and exercise, G.C. Roberts, ed. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2001, pp. 1-50.

  16. Understanding the dynamics of motivation in sport and physical activity: An achievement goal interpretation. In Handbook of sport psychology, R. Ecklund and G. Tenenbaum, G. eds. New York: McMillan, 2007, pp. 3-21.

  17. Lemyre, P. Determinants of burnout in elite athletes: A multi-dimensional perspective. Oslo, Norway: Norwegian School of Sport and Physical Education, 2005.

  18. Treasure, D. and Roberts, G. Applications of achievement goal theory to physical education: Implications for enhancing motivation. Quest, Vol. 47, pp. 475-489, 1995.

  19. Anshel, M. and HanJoo, E. Exploring the dimensions of perfectionism in sport. International Journal of Sport Psychology, Vol. 34, pp. 255-271, 2003.

  20. Perfectionism: A hallmark quality of world-class performers, or a psychological impediment to athletic development? In Perspectives in sport and exercise psychology: Essential processes for attaining peak performance, Vol. 1, D. Hackfort and G. Tenenbaum, eds. Oxford: Meyer & Meyer, 2005, pp. 179-211.

  21. Gould, D. Personal motivation gone awry: Burnout in competitive athletes. Quest, Vol. 48, pp. 275-289, 1996.

  Chapter 50 Addictive Aspects of Running

  1. Fisher, L. and Wrisberg, C. Sport psychology & counseling: Recognizing and dealing with exercise addiction [Editorial]. Athletic Therapy Today, Vol. 9 (1), pp. 36-37, 2003.

  2. Griffiths, M. Exercise addiction: A case study. Addiction Research, Vol. 5 (2), pp. 161-168, 1997.

  3. Davis, C. Exercise abuse. International Journal of Sport Psychology, Vol. 31 (2), pp. 278-289, 2000.

  4. Aidman, E. and Woollard, S. The influence of self-reported exercise addiction on acute emotional and physiological responses to brief exercise deprivation. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, Vol. 4 (3), pp. 225-236, 2003.

  5. Adams, J. and Kirkby, R. Excessive exercise as an addiction: A review. Addiction Research & Theory, Vol. 10 (5), pp. 415-437, 2002.

  6. Lejoyeux, M. et al. Prevalence of exercise dependence and other behavioral addictions among clients of a Parisian fitness room. Comprehensive Psychiatry, Vol. 49 (4), pp. 353-358, 2008.

  7. Bamber, D. et al. The pathological status of exercise dependence. British Journal of Sports Medicine, Vol. 34 (2), pp. 125-132, 2000.

  8. Estok, P. and Rudy, E. The relationship between eating disorders and running in women. Research in Nursing and Health, Vol. 19 (5), pp. 377-387, 1996.

  9. Hausenblas, H. and Downs, D. How much is too much? The development and validation of the Exercise Dependence Scale. Psychology & Health, Vol. 17 (4), pp. 387-404, 2002.

  10. Klein, D. et al. Exercise “addiction” in anorexia nervosa: Model development and pilot data. CNS Spectrums, Vol. 9 (7), pp. 531-537, 2004.

  11. Allegre, B. et al. Individual factors and the context of physical activity in exercise dependence: A prospective study of “ultra-marathoners.” International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, Vol. 5, pp. 233–243, 2007.

  12. Draeger, J. et al. The obligatory exerciser: Assessing an over-commitment to exercise [Review]. Physician and Sportsmedicine, Vol. 33 (6), pp. 13-23, 2005.

  13. Griffiths, M. et al. The Exercise Addiction Inventory: A quick and easy screening tool for health practitioners. British Journal of Sports Medicine, Vol. 39 (6), p. e30, 2005.

  14. Cox, R. and Orford, J. A qualitative study of the meaning of exercise for people who could be labeled as “addicted” to exercise: Can “addiction” be applied to high-frequency exercising?” Addiction Research & Theory, Vol. 12 (2), pp. 167-188, 2004.

  15. Freimuth, M. Addicted? Recognizing destructive behavior before it’s too late. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2008.

  16. Mellion, M.B., Putukian, M., and Madden C.C., eds. Sports medicine secrets. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Hanley & Belfus, 2002, pp. 181-183.

  About the Author

  Owen Anderson, PhD, has been a regular contributor to Runner’s World, Shape, Men’s Health, Peak Performance, National Geographic Adventure, and Sports Injury Bulletin. He has written extensively on the topics of running training, strength training for running, sports nutrition, and injury prevention, and he developed the neural system of training, which diminishes the emphasis on mileage and promotes the use of high-quality running and the progression of running-specific strength training to achi
eve optimal running fitness.

  Anderson is the founder of Lansing Sports Management, which coaches elite athletes from Kenya and manages their international competitions. He has enjoyed a successful career coaching runners of all levels, including notables such as Benjamin Simatei, the winner of the Park Forest 10-mile race in Chicago, Illinois, and Chemtai Rionotukei, who in 2012 and 2013 has six victories, two course records, and 14 top-four finishes in U.S. road races, including a win at the 2013 Fifth Third River Bank 25K.

  Anderson is the race director of the annual Lansing Marathon, Lansing Half Marathon, and Ekiden Relay. In addition, he hosts running camps throughout the U.S., including the Lansing Marathon Running Camp in Thetford Center, Vermont. Anderson is also the CEO of Lansing Moves the World, a nonprofit foundation that coordinates three projects, including an after school program for Lansing children age 9 to 14, a tree planting program in east Africa, and a program for families and children victimized by the recent violence in the Tana River Delta district of Kenya.

  Anderson was awarded a National Science Foundation fellowship and completed his PhD at Michigan State University.