Anyone You Want Me to Be

by John E. Douglas

  “We Americans gotta stick together,” he told her.

  “You’re right,” she said, laughing and kissing him on the cheek.

  Another actress, the British singer Gracie Fields, hugged Robinson and told him, “You’re a mighty handsome youngster.”

  The kid from Cicero loved the attention and being in the spotlight, but he soon returned to the seminary and quietly resumed his studies, still thinking of becoming a priest. He was a good student but not a great one. He wouldn’t be remembered there for his academic success but for his shrewdness: he always seemed to be thinking about what he would say or do next. He appeared to be calculating the effect he had on others and often acted as if he were smarter than everyone else. Yet he didn’t leave behind a negative image at the school. He graduated from Quigley at seventeen, not having distinguished himself at all.

  Rumors had begun to surround Robinson suggesting that he was involved in a lot of things besides pursuing a religious education. Growing up in Cicero, he’d been exposed not only to stories of legendary gangsters but to people with ongoing connections to the Mob. He’d watched his father trudge off to the smokestacks at Western Electric each day and watched the older man labor tirelessly to support a family on a workingman’s wages. He’d watched his father seek escape from the grind in alcohol. By late adolescence Robinson knew that there were other, faster ways to turn a buck. His first exposure to crime came through meeting low-level underworld characters he did favors or legwork for, in exchange for money. By the close of his teenage years, his life had already become more complicated and entangled than it would have been on the narrow path toward the priesthood.

  In 1961, he attended Cicero’s Morton Junior College, and in later years he would claim to have become a fully trained medical X-ray technician there. He would also brag about receiving more medical training at West Suburban Hospital in Oak Park, Illinois. With these limited credentials, he was able to land a job in the X-ray department of a Chicago hospital. His career was launched, but it was not a career in medicine.

  In 1964, Robinson met an attractive young blonde named Nancy Jo Lynch and she was soon pregnant. They rushed into matrimony in a Catholic ceremony and he went back to work at the hospital. The young couple were starting a marital dance that would last through every imaginable kind of turmoil—and survive into the next millennium. From the beginning, they were locked together by mutual need, a need so deep that apparently nothing could break it. Robinson had avoided legal trouble, but almost as soon he got married, this changed. His living expenses were increasing and he was under pressure to take care of his wife and his about-to-arrive child. He didn’t respond to this by working harder or more hours. Before long, he was accused of stealing money from his employer.

  Robinson’s marrying a pregnant woman had been an embarrassment to his family, but this was worse. The young man whose life had seemed so promising just a few years earlier, when he’d earned the title of Eagle Scout and sung for the queen of England, was on a downward spiral, but maybe he could learn from his mistakes and not repeat them. When confronted by his bosses with the suspicion that he’d embezzled from the hospital, he asked for their help, begged for another chance. If they would not tell the police about his transgressions, he would pay them back everything he’d taken. They agreed to this arrangement and he was not charged with a crime. What he’d learned from his mistakes was that he could get away with doing illegal things—even when he’d been caught doing them.

  II

  Following his troubles at the Chicago hospital, Robinson decided to restart his career in another location, a couple of states to the west. He and Nancy relocated to Kansas City, where the couple began raising a family that would eventually include four children: John Jr., Kimberly, and twins Christopher and Christine. By touting his medical training, Robinson found a job performing pediatric X-rays at Children’s Mercy Hospital and X-rays on adults at General Hospital, later known as Truman Medical Center. He’d shown his new employers letters of recommendation that he said came from Morton College and other documents stating that he was a medical lab technologist, a nuclear medical technologist, and a radiographic technologist. Robinson was quite good at talking about this kind of work and seemed knowledgeable. His colleagues thought he was outgoing and friendly, and initially many of them liked him—until they saw him perform his duties. He was clumsy with babies and pediatric patients. He spoke to infants as if they were grown-ups and handled them awkwardly. He could barely take an X ray or read the results, but still…this was the pediatric health care field and he was dealing with infants and small kids. This wasn’t the sort of work one would be doing unless one was trained and competent, wasn’t the sort of job that anyone told lies about. Maybe he was just nervous because this was a new job in a new hospital and a new city. Maybe his performance would improve with time and experience.

  Neither Missouri nor Kansas required that X-ray technicians be licensed, so when Robinson had told his employers about his extensive medical training, they believed him. The American Registry of Radiologic Technologists, however, had no paperwork showing that he’d ever been certified in any of the areas he’d claimed to be. No records backed up his insistence that he’d received training at Chicago’s West Suburban Hospital. At Children’s Mercy Hospital, he’d covered the walls of his office with official-looking documents detailing his credentials (nobody at the facility realized that all of them had been forged from a boxful of blank certificates; whenever he needed a new degree or other qualification, he simply pulled one from the box and wrote on it whatever he wanted to). If no one had yet caught on to his scam, among his colleagues he was building a reputation as something of a wild man, a night owl who left his wife at home with their young son, John Jr., while he roamed the Kansas City nightclubs or tried to start up affairs with female coworkers. He seemed obsessed with human sexuality. He had a taste, people were saying, for one of the most notorious spots in K.C., the Jewel Box, a club that featured male transvestites. He was curious about the violent side of sex, a subject that was absolutely hushed up in the Midwest in the 1960s. That curiosity was not being satisfied inside his marriage, so he went looking outside of it. Between his glaring incompetence on the job and his extracurricular activities, his time at Children’s Mercy was running out. When management fired him, he began searching for another position in the medical field.

  Robinson was soon hired as a lab technician and office manager at Fountain Plaza X-Ray, a thriving business owned by Dr. Wallace Graham, President Harry Truman’s personal physician. Dr. Graham, like many others, was quickly impressed with how Robinson presented himself, but the physician was an easy mark. President Truman himself had once warned Dr. Graham that while he was diligent and gifted in his work, he was naive about the darker side of human nature. In 1946, the president wrote a letter to Graham’s father, lauding the physician but adding that he “is entirely too accommodating…the young doctor will work himself to death if he lets all the chiselers take advantage of him.”

  At his new job, Robinson once again tacked up a handful of medical certificates on his wall, proudly displaying them to all visitors. He also tried to seduce female patients in the X-ray lab and immediately saw an opportunity to exploit Dr. Graham. By late 1966, the office was losing so much money that it couldn’t afford to give its employees Christmas bonuses, but nobody could figure out where all the missing funds had gone. Reports were surfacing about Robinson’s bungling performance as a medical technician; one doctor complained that in his haste to complete a project, the young man had poured a urine sample down a sink. A few months later, a coworker alleged that Robinson was embezzling. He was not only using Dr. Graham’s signature stamp on checks, but after he’d x-rayed patients, he asked them to pay him cash on the spot instead of making out a check to the office. Some people complied. Robinson was nothing if not brazen—stories were circulating through the office that he’d made love to a couple of colleagues and had seduced a patient, engaging h
er sympathy by telling her that his wife was terminally ill.

  Those running Fountain Plaza X-Ray estimated that over $100,000 and perhaps as much as $300,000 was missing from their business. Dr. Graham also noticed that Robinson had taken an office chair that did not belong to him. When confronted with these accusations, Robinson tried to talk his way out of them by saying that he hadn’t stolen anything but was only transferring money from one account to another. When that explanation failed, he offered to pay back all the funds he’d stolen. Dr. Graham would not hear of that and called in the Kansas police. Robinson was arrested and led away from the medical building in handcuffs. In August 1969, he was prosecuted and found guilty of “stealing by means of deceit,” but remarkably, he served no time, receiving a sentence of three years probation.

  In most jurisdictions there is a significant gap between time served for physically harming a human being and the leniency shown to those who engage in monetary or white-collar crime. Robinson’s criminal career would underline this gap again and again. His first run-in with the law had resulted in little more than public shame and humiliation, but as he would repeatedly demonstrate in the years ahead, he could not be humiliated into changing his behavior. Each time he went to court, his wife, who now had two small children at home, would come to his aid. She would testify on his behalf as a character witness and praise his virtues as a husband and father. She would do whatever she could to bring him home. This pattern—of him committing offenses and her rallying to his side—would grow deeper and stranger in the years and decades ahead. It would stretch the definition of love far beyond what most people would consider the snapping point.

  In some ways, Robinson worked in reverse from the many criminals who have trouble establishing long-standing human relationships. He stayed married and kept expanding his family and his traditional roles as father, husband, and provider, but domestic stability did not settle him down. It appeared to bring out his wildness and his desire to break the law and to generate money any way he could. The more conventional one part of his life became, the more he explored the darker side of himself and others. The more his wife tried to help him, the more he violated the codes of marriage. He seemed to need the stability of marriage in order to give free rein to his deviancy. Once he took on adult responsibilities, he began searching the landscape for vulnerabilities in people and in the places that employed him. He was now under pressure to support his wife and children, and like most people, he constantly needed more income. He was never interested in working steadfastly for others, in getting raises and promotions and in gradually moving ahead. All that took far too much time. Routines were boring and pay increases lay in the distant future. He was lazy and ambitious at the same time. He enjoyed looking for weaknesses and hunting for criminal opportunities, using his natural intelligence and cunning to observe things carefully and to find areas to exploit.

  Getting caught stealing from Dr. Graham didn’t deter Robinson, but only made him more determined to get better at being a thief. On probation, he worked as the manager of a television rental company. When the owner learned that Robinson was lifting merchandise, he was fired but not arrested or prosecuted. He went back on the street looking for another chance—eager to convince someone new that he was something he was not.

  III

  In 1969, Robinson became a systems analyst for Mobil Oil, the best job he’d had thus far. His pleasant appearance and glib manner had once more helped him land the position. No one at Mobil had bothered to look into his background or discover that he was still on probation. His own probation officers were so impressed with his new employment that they believed he’d put his past behind him. While he was working at Mobil, the Missouri Board of Probation and Parole wrote a letter stating that Robinson “does not appear to be an individual who is basically inclined towards criminal activities and is motivated towards achieving middle class values.”

  A second officer, this one a female, offered the opinion that Robinson was “responding extremely well to probation.” She encouraged him “to advance as far as possible with Mobil Oil.”

  His advancement was soon cut short when he was accused of stealing 6,200 postage stamps from the corporation, worth just under $400. He was fired and charged with theft but ended up paying restitution and again avoiding jail. Because his record in Kansas City was lengthening, he and Nancy made plans to leave the area. In 1970, the Robinsons moved back to Chicago. John took a job as an insurance salesman with a company known as R. B. Jones; he made such a good impression on those interviewing him for this position that no one at the firm thought about running a background check on him (most businesses would normally only do that for those who raised suspicions). Robinson was good at selling insurance policies and had found something he could be successful doing, despite his having violated his parole in Kansas by coming to Illinois. But after working there only a few months, he began stealing from his employer, embezzling $5,586 before he was caught and fired. Once more the police were brought in, but Robinson avoided jail by making another restitution payment, and the charges against him were dismissed. With no prospects in front of him in Chicago, and a hopeless record as a corporate employee, he began thinking of a new career direction: he wanted to form his own business. He had more connections in the Kansas-Missouri region than in Illinois, so perhaps he should resettle in Kansas City. This decision was made easier when a Chicago court told a Kansas circuit court that he’d just broken the law in Illinois. Robinson was ordered back to the Kansas City area and his probation was extended for three more years. The family headed west again and settled in Raytown, Missouri, where he opened a medical consulting firm called Professional Services Association, Inc.

  In 1971, as he was trying to establish the company, he was arrested for a parole violation and sent to jail. A Missouri probation officer named Gordon Morris studied Robinson’s recent history of con games and small-time thefts, concluding that he needed some time behind bars. In Gordon’s view, such punishment would serve as a “strong motivation for a complete reversal” in Robinson’s behavior and could only help this chronic offender. In spite of the strong recommendation, the inmate was released after only several weeks. Back on the street, Robinson’s criminal instincts immediately took over, and he created an investment scam designed to steal $30,000 from a retired schoolteacher named Evalee McKnight. His repeated arrests had done nothing to stop him from devising more scams.

  An unsettling dance was taking place between Robinson and law enforcement. He kept breaking the law and the system kept giving this white-collar offender second and third and fourth chances. Many people believe that career criminals can be rehabilitated, but the evidence doesn’t support that. Robinson perfectly fit the profile of someone who could not be motivated or forced to change. You can’t rehabilitate a mind that was never “habilitated” or socialized in the first place. You can’t force repeat offenders to feel the pain their actions cause the victims. You can’t instill empathy in people who don’t have this quality. You can’t cure ingrained cruelty or greed. These people rarely get better in their psychological health after going into counseling, but only become worse and more sophisticated in their deviancy. They’re often quite intelligent and quickly learn the buzz words of psychotherapy and the kinds of behavior that are effective in front of prison therapists or other officials. They know how to present themselves as if they’ve been rehabilitated—they know how to talk convincingly. Yet they are constantly becoming more mission-oriented and their mission is not to redeem themselves but to hone their skills. They don’t study the real techniques of healing or of helping themselves; they study their own past errors when committing crimes so they can get better at their work and further their careers, just as any other professional does. And they get more daring.

  One day in the early 1970s, Robinson was running Professional Services Association when he asked his secretary, Charlotte Bowersock, to prepare some letters for prospective clients. The letters stated that
the Board of Regents of the University of Missouri–Kansas City “had voted [Robinson] the full rights and privileges of professor” at the School of Dentistry. The secretary, a naive young woman who needed this $7-an-hour job, mailed out the letters even though they were filled with lies. For one thing, UMKC had no Board of Regents. If that claim weren’t bold enough, the dental school dean’s signature had been forged on the letters. This scam was imaginative but went nowhere, unlike another one that Robinson had recently launched.

  He’d presented himself to the University of Kansas Medical School as a financial consultant for its Family Practice Department. His new business suits, his smooth manner, his ability to speak well, and his general sense of appearing competent had impressed the physicians. Everyone he met at the medical school liked him, so Jack Walker, the department chairman, hired him, believing Robinson to be “an expert as a physicians’ professional consultant,” he once told the Kansas City Star. Walker was also the mayor of the respectable Kansas City suburb of Overland Park. He may have been taken in by the man’s people skills, but he wasn’t so impressed when he began hearing stories from the doctors in Orthopedic Surgery about how the new consultant was handling that department’s money. A few months into the job, Robinson was let go after being suspected of theft.

  Then he approached John Hartlein, the executive director for Marion Laboratories, a well-known pharmaceutical company in Kansas, and asked the director to invest in PSA. When Hartlein declined the offer, Robinson fabricated a letter from Marion Labs to himself, suggesting that it wanted to acquire PSA. Robinson sent the fake letter out to potential investors and added Hartlein’s signature at the bottom. The letter also referred to the founder of Marion Labs, Ewing M. Kauffman, at that time the owner of the Kansas City Royals baseball team. Baseball was highly popular in Kansas City, and Kauffman was one of the metropolitan area’s most prominent citizens. The letter read: