18 T. Douglas Price, Ancient Scandinavia: An Archaeological History from the First Humans to the Vikings (New York, 2015), p. 317.
19 Klavs Randsborg, ‘Beyond the Roman Empire: Archaeological Discoveries in Gudme on Funen, Denmark’, Oxford Journal of Archaeology, IX/3 (1990), pp. 355–66; see also papers in Poul Otto Nielsen, Klavs Randsborg and Henrik Thrane, eds, The Archaeology of Gudme and Lundeborg: Papers Presented at a Conference at Svendborg, October 1991 (Copenhagen, 1994).
20 Andres S. Dobat, ‘Between Rescue and Research: An Evaluation after 30 Years of Liberal Metal Detecting in Archaeological Research and Heritage Practice in Denmark’, European Journal of Archaeology, XVI/4 (2013), pp. 704–25.
21 L. Jørgensen, ‘Gudme-Lundeborg on Funen as a Model for Northern Europe?’, in The Gudme/Gudhem Phenomenon, ed. O. Grimm and A. Pesch (Neumünster, 2011), pp. 77–89.
22 The story of the excavations at Uppåkra can be found at http://uppakra.se/en, accessed 1 December 2016.
23 Mikael Larsson and Dominic Ingemark, ‘Roman Horticulture Beyond the Frontier: Garden Cultivation at Iron Age Uppåkra (Sweden)’, Journal of Roman Archaeology, XXVIII (2015), pp. 393–402.
24 Lars Larsson, ‘The Iron Age Ritual Building at Uppåkra, Southern Sweden’, Antiquity, LXXXI/311 (2007), pp. 11–25.
25 Among many publications on the Nydam boats dating back to the nineteenth century, a good overview is Flemming Rieck, ‘The Ships from Nydam Bog’, in The Spoils of Victory: The North in the Shadow of the Roman Empire, ed. L. Jørgensen, B. Storgaard and L. G. Thomsen (Copenhagen 2003), pp. 296–309.
26 Unfortunately, the pine boat was cut up for firewood: Price, Ancient Scandinavia, p. 296.
27 Jørgen Ilkjær, Illerup Ådal – Archaeology as a Magic Mirror (Højbjerg-Moesgard, 2000); see also Price, Ancient Scandinavia, pp. 295–6.
28 Andres S. Dobat et al., ‘The Four Horses of an Iron Age Apocalypse: War-horses from the Third-century Weapon Sacrifice at Illerup Aadal (Denmark)’, Antiquity, LXXXVIII/339 (2014), pp. 191–204.
29 Halsall, ‘Two Worlds Become One’, p. 516.
30 Peter J. Heather, Empires and Barbarians: The Fall of Rome and the Birth of Europe (New York, 2010), pp. 28–35.
31 Halsall, ‘Two Worlds Become One’, p. 528.
32 An expression used by American archaeologist David Anthony (1990) to argue for the continued validity of migration as a mechanism of cultural change; see David W. Anthony, ‘Migration in Archeology: The Baby and the Bathwater’, American Anthropologist, XCII/4 (1990), pp. 895–914.
33 A complete discussion of the Goths will be found in the companion volume in this series, The Goths: Lost Civilizations (London, forthcoming).
34 Laurie Reitsema and Tomasz Kozłowski, ‘Diet and Society in Poland before the State: Stable Isotope Evidence from a Wielbark Population (2nd c. AD)’, Anthropological Review, LXXVI/1 (2013), pp. 1–22.
35 Przemysław Urbańczyk, ‘The Goths in Poland: Where Did They Come From and When Did They Leave?’, European Journal of Archaeology, I/3 (1998), pp. 397–415.
36 Ibid., p. 404.
37 Michael Kulikowski, Rome’s Gothic Wars: From the Third Century to Alaric (New York, 2007), pp. 49–56.
38 Walter Goffart, The Narrators of Barbarian History (AD 550–800): Jordanes, Gregory of Tours, Bede, and Paul the Deacon (Princeton, NJ, 1988), pp. 105–11.
39 Heather, Empires and Barbarians, pp. 123–34.
40 László Bartosiewicz, ‘Huns’, in Ancient Europe, 8000 BC–1000AD: An Encyclopedia of the Barbarian World, vol. II, ed. Peter Bogucki and Pam J. Crabtree (New York, 2004), pp. 391–3.
41 Cameron Barnes, ‘Rehorsing the Huns’, War and Society, XXXIV/1 (2015), pp. 1–22.
42 An authoritative traditional account is Peter Hunter Blair, An Introduction to Anglo-Saxon England, 3rd edn (Cambridge, 2003).
43 In favour of settlement continuity, see Ken Dark, Britain and the End of the Roman Empire (Stroud, 2002), pp. 27–57; for separation between natives and migrants based on genetic studies, see Mark G. Stumpf, P. H. Michael and Heinrich Härke, ‘Evidence for an Apartheid-like Social Structure in Early Anglo-Saxon England’, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, CCLXXIII/1601 (2006), pp. 2651–7.
44 Stanley West, West Stow: The Anglo-Saxon Village, East Anglian Archaeology, 24 (Ipswich, 1985).
45 Pam Crabtree, ‘Sheep, Horses, Swine, and Kine: A Zooarchaeological Perspective on the Anglo-Saxon Settlement of England’, Journal of Field Archaeology, XVI (1989), pp. 205–13.
46 Susan S. Hughes et al., ‘Anglo-Saxon Origins Investigated by Isotopic Analysis of Burials from Berinsfield, Oxfordshire, UK’, Journal of Archaeological Science, XLII (2014), pp. 81–92.
47 Bailey Young, ‘Tomb of Childeric’, in Ancient Europe, 8000 BC–1000 AD: An Encyclopedia of the Barbarian World, vol. II, pp. 519–24.
48 Svante Fischer and Lennart Lind, ‘The Coins in the Grave of King Childeric’, Journal of Archaeology and Ancient History, XIV (2015), pp. 3–36.
49 Bonnie Effros, Merovingian Mortuary Archaeology and the Making of the Early Middle Ages (Berkeley, CA, 2003).
50 Andrew Curry, ‘Öland, Sweden. Spring, AD 480’, Archaeology, LXIX/2 (2016), pp. 26–31.
6 BARBARIANS LIVE ON
1 Henry Steele Commager, ‘The Search for a Usable Past’, in The Search for a Usable Past and Other Essays in Historiography, ed. Henry Steele Commager (New York, 1967), pp. 3–27.
2 René Goscinny, René Goscinny raconte les secrets d’Astérix (Paris, 2014). Carine Picaud, ed., Astérix de A à Z (Paris, 2013) is a collection of short discussions of the social context of Astérix ancient and modern that was prepared for an exhibition on Astérix at the National Library of France.
3 ‘Les Gaulois debunks Astérix’, www.news24.com, 19 October 2011.
4 See www.alansorrell.ukartists.com.
5 Greg Bailey, ‘Television and Archaeology: Views from the UK and Beyond’, in Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, ed. Claire Smith (New York, 2014), p. 7254.
6 Norman Hammond, ‘Obituary: Glyn Edmund Daniel, 1914–1986’, American Antiquity, LIV/2 (1989), pp. 234–9.
7 See www.newgrange.com/solstice-lottery.htm, accessed 15 September 2016.
8 Michael Dietler, ‘A Tale of Three Sites: The Monumentalization of Celtic Oppida and the Politics of Collective Memory and Identity’, World Archaeology, XXX/1 (1998), pp. 72–89.
9 Andreas Musolff, ‘From Teamchef Arminius to Hermann Junior: Glocalised Discourses about a National Foundation Myth’, Language and Intercultural Communication, xii/1 (2012), pp. 24–36.
10 Peter Bogucki, ‘Ancient Europe: The Discovery of Antiquity’, in The History of Archaeology: An Introduction, ed. Paul Bahn (London, 2014), pp. 27–8.
11 Bettina Arnold, ‘The Past as Propaganda: How Hitler’s Archaeologists Distorted European Prehistory to Justify Racist and Territorial Goals’, Archaeology, 45 (July–August 1992), pp. 30–37, and Bettina Arnold, ‘“Arierdämmerung”: Race and Archaeology in Nazi Germany’, World Archaeology, XXXVIII/1 (2006), pp. 8–31.
12 Monika Steinel, ‘Archaeology, National Socialism, and Rehabilitation: The Case of Herbert Jahnkuhn (1905–1990)’, in Ethics and the Archaeology of Violence, ed. A. González-Ruibal and G. Moshenska (New York, 2015), pp. 153–65.
13 Dietler, ‘A Tale of Three Sites’, pp. 80–81.
14 Ibid., p. 82.
15 Portable Antiquities Scheme, www.finds.org.uk.
16 ‘Obama at Stonehenge: “How Cool is This?”’, USA Today, www.usatoday.com, 5 September 2014.
17 Marianne Vedeler and Lise Bender Jørgensen, ‘Out of the Norwegian Glaciers: Lendbreen – a Tunic from the Early First Millennium AD’, Antiquity, LXXXVII/337 (2013), pp. 788–801.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Aalbersberg, Gerard, and Tony Brown, ‘The Environment and Context of the Glastonbury Lake Village: A Re-assessment’, Journal of Wetland Archaeology, X/1 (2013), pp. 136–51
Aldhouse-Green, Miranda
J., Bog Bodies Uncovered: Solving Europe’s Ancient Mystery (London, 2015)
Andersen, Søren H., Ronæs Skov: Marinarkæologiske Undersøgelser Af En Kystboplads Fra Ertebølletid (Højbjerg, 2009)
——, Tybrind Vig: Submerged Mesolithic Settlements in Denmark (Aarhus, 2014)
Anthony, David W., ‘Migration in Archeology: The Baby and the Bathwater’, American Anthropologist, XCII/4 (1990), pp. 895–914
Arnold, Bettina, ‘“Arierdämmerung”: Race and Archaeology in Nazi Germany’, World Archaeology, XXXVIII/1 (2006), pp. 8–31
——, ‘Eventful Archaeology, the Heuneburg Mudbrick Wall, and the Early Iron Age of Southwest Germany’, in Eventful Archaeologies: New Approaches to Social Transformation in the Archaeological Record, ed. D. J. Bolender (Albany, NY, 2010), pp. 100–114
——, ‘A Landscape of Ancestors: The Space and Place of Death in Iron Age West-central Europe’, in The Space and Place of Death, ed. H. Silverman and D. B. Small (Washington, DC, 2002), pp. 129–43
——, ‘The Past as Propaganda: How Hitler’s Archaeologists Distorted European Prehistory to Justify Racist and Territorial Goals’, Archaeology (July–August 1992), pp. 30–37
Arnoldussen, Stijn, and Richard Jansen, ‘Iron Age Habitation Patterns on the Southern and Northern Dutch Pleistocene Coversand Soils: The Process of Settlement Nucleation’, in Haus-Gehöft-Weiler-Dorf. Siedlungen der vorrömischen Eisenzeit im nördlichen Mitteleuropa, ed. M. Meyer (Rahden, 2010), pp. 379–97
Bailey, Greg, ‘Television and Archaeology: Views from the UK and Beyond’, in Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, ed. C. Smith (New York, 2014), pp. 7253–9
Barclay, Gordon, ‘Introduction: A Regional Agenda?’, in Defining a Regional Neolithic: The Evidence from Britain and Ireland, ed. K. Brophy and G. Barclay (Oxford, 2009), pp. 1–4
Barnes, Cameron, ‘Rehorsing the Huns’, War and Society, XXXIV/1 (2015), pp. 1–22
Bartosiewicz, László, ‘Huns’, in Ancient Europe, 8000 BC–AD 1000: An Encyclopedia of the Barbarian World, ed. P. Bogucki and P. J. Crabtree, vol. II (New York, 2004), pp. 391–3
Biel, Jörg, ‘The Late Hallstatt Chieftain’s Grave at Hochdorf’, Antiquity, LV/213 (1981), pp. 16–18
Blair, Peter Hunter, An Introduction to Anglo-Saxon England, 3rd edn (Cambridge, 2003)
Błażejewski, Artur, ‘The Amber Road in Poland: State of Research and Perspectives’, Archaeologia Lituana, XII (2015), pp. 57–63
Bogucki, Peter, ‘Ancient Europe: The Discovery of Antiquity’, in The History of Archaeology: An Introduction, ed. P. Bahn (London, 2014), pp. 15–38
——, ‘Hunters, Fishers and Farmers of Northern Europe, 9000–3000 BCE’, in The Cambridge World Prehistory, ed. C. Renfrew and P. Bahn, vol. III (Cambridge, 2014), pp. 1835–59
——, ‘The Largest Buildings in the World 7,000 Years Ago’, Archaeology, XLVIII/6 (1995), pp. 57–9
——, ‘The Spread of Early Farming in Europe’, American Scientist, 84 (May–June 1996), pp. 242–53
——, and Pam J. Crabtree, eds, Ancient Europe, 8000 BC–AD 1000: An Encyclopedia of the Barbarian World, 2 vols, (New York, 2004)
Brennand, Mark, et al., ‘The Survey and Excavation of a Bronze Age Timber Circle at Holme-next-the-Sea, Norfolk, 1998–9’, Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, LXIX (2003), pp. 1–84
Brophy, Kenneth, and Gordon Barclay, eds, Defining a Regional Neolithic: The Evidence from Britain and Ireland (Oxford, 2009)
Brunning, Richard, and Conor McDermott, ‘Trackways and Roads across the Wetlands’, in The Oxford Handbook of Wetland Archaeology, ed. F. Menotti (Oxford, 2012), pp. 359–84
Bulleid, Arthur, and Harold St George Gray, The Glastonbury Lake Village: A Full Description of the Excavations and the Relics Discovered, 1892–1907 (Glastonbury, 1911)
Bursche, Aleksander, ‘Contacts between the Late Roman Empire and North-central Europe’, Antiquaries Journal, LXXVI/1 (1996), pp. 31–50
Cahill, Mary, ‘Irish Bronze Age Goldwork’, Ancient Europe, 8000 BC–AD 1000: An Encyclopedia of the Barbarian World, ed. P. Bogucki and P. J. Crabtree, vol. II (New York, 2004), pp. 69–71
Chaume, Bruno, and Claude Mordant, Le Complexe aristocratique de Vix: Nouvelles recherches sur l’habitat et le système de fortification et l’environnement du Mont Lassois (Dijon, 2011)
Clark, Grahame, Prehistoric Europe: The Economic Basis (London, 1952)
Coia, V., et al., ‘Whole Mitochondrial DNA Sequencing in Alpine Populations and the Genetic History of the Neolithic Tyrolean Iceman’, Scientific Reports, VI, 18932; DOI: 10.1038/srep18932 (2016)
Commager, Henry Steele, ‘The Search for a Usable Past’, in The Search for a Usable Past and Other Essays in Historiography, ed. H. S. Commager (New York, 1967)
Cooney, Gabriel, ‘Newgrange: A View from the Platform’, Antiquity, LXXX/309 (2006), pp. 697–708
Crabtree, Pam J., ‘Sheep, Horses, Swine, and Kine: A Zooarchaeological Perspective on the Anglo-Saxon Settlement of England’, Journal of Field Archaeology, XVI/2 (1989), pp. 205–13
Craig, Oliver E., et al., ‘Feeding Stonehenge: Cuisine and Consumption at the Late Neolithic Site of Durrington Walls’, Antiquity, LXXXIX/347 (2015), pp. 1096–1109
Crumley, Carole L., ‘Heterarchy and the Analysis of Complex Societies’, in Heterarchy and the Analysis of Complex Societies, ed. R. Ehrenreich, C. L. Crumley and J. Levy (Washington, DC, 1995), pp. 1–5
Crumlin-Pedersen, Ole, ‘The Dover Boat: A Reconstruction Case-Study’, International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, XXXV/1 (2006), pp. 58–71
Cunliffe, Barry W., The Ancient Celts (Oxford, 1997)
——, ‘Britain and the Continent: Networks of Interaction’, in A Companion to Roman Britain, ed. M. Todd (Oxford, 2003), pp. 1–11
——, Britain Begins (Oxford, 2013)
——, ‘Danebury, the Anatomy of a Hillfort Re-exposed’, in Case Studies in European Prehistory, ed. P. Bogucki (Boca Raton, FL, 1993), pp. 259–86
——, Hengistbury Head: The Prehistoric and Roman Settlement, 3500 BC–AD 500, vol. I (Oxford, 1987)
Curry, Andrew, ‘Öland, Sweden. Spring, AD 480’, Archaeology, LXIX/2 (2016), pp. 26–31
Dark, Ken, Britain and the End of the Roman Empire (Stroud, 2002)
Dietler, Michael, ‘A Tale of Three Sites: The Monumentalization of Celtic Oppida and the Politics of Collective Memory and Identity’, World Archaeology, XXX/1 (1998), pp. 72–89
Dobat, Andres S., Between Rescue and Research: An Evaluation after 30 Years of Liberal Metal Detecting in Archaeological Research and Heritage Practice in Denmark’, European Journal of Archaeology, XVI/4 (2013), pp. 704–25
——, et al., ‘The Four Horses of an Iron Age Apocalypse: War-horses from the Third-century Weapon Sacrifice at Illerup Aadal (Denmark)’, Antiquity, LXXXVIII/339 (2014), pp. 191–204
Fabech, Charlotte, and Ulf Näsman, ‘Ritual Landscapes and Sacral Places in the First Millennium AD in South Scandinavia’, in Sacred Sites and Holy Places: Exploring the Sacralization of Landscape through Time and Space, ed. S. W. Nordeide and S. Brink (Turnhout, 2013), pp. 53–110
Fernández-Götz, Manuel, and Dirk Krausse, ‘Rethinking Early Iron Age Urbanisation in Central Europe: The Heuneburg Site and its Archaeological Environment’, Antiquity, LXXXVII/336 (2013), pp. 473–87
Fischer, Svante, and Lennart Lind, ‘The Coins in the Grave of King Childeric’, Journal of Archaeology and Ancient History, XIV (2015), pp. 1–36
——, Fernando López-Sánchez and Helena Victor, ‘The 5th Century Hoard of Theodosian Solidi from Stora Brunneby, Öland, Sweden: A Result from the Leo Project’, Fornvännen, CVI/3 (2011), pp. 189–204
Fitzpatrick, Andrew P., The Amesbury Archer and the Boscombe Bowmen: Bell Beaker Burials on Boscombe Down, Amesbury, Wiltshire (Salisbury, 2011)
Fowler, Brenda, Iceman: Uncovering the Life and Times of a Prehistoric Man Found in an Alpine Glacier (New York, 2000)
Frei, Karin Margarita, et al., ‘Tracing the Dynamic Li
fe Story of a Bronze Age Female’, Scientific Reports 5, article no. 10431
Gerritsen, Fokke, ‘Domestic Times: Houses and Temporalities in Late Prehistoric Europe’, in Prehistoric Europe: Theory and Practice, ed. A. Jones (Oxford, 2008), pp. 143–61
Geselowitz, Michael N., ‘Technology and Social Change: Ironworking in the Rise of Social Complexity in Iron Age Central Europe’, in Tribe and Polity in Late Prehistoric Europe, ed. D. B. Gibson and M. N. Geselowitz (New York, 1988), pp. 137–54
Gleeson, Dermot F., ‘Discovery of Gold Gorget at Burren, Co. Clare’, Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, IV/1 (1934), pp. 138–9
Goffart, Walter, The Narrators of Barbarian History (AD 550–800): Jordanes, Gregory of Tours, Bede, and Paul the Deacon (Princeton, NJ, 1988)
Goldhahn, Joakim, ‘Bredarör on Kivik: A Monumental Cairn and the History of its Interpretation’, Antiquity, LXXXIII/320 (2009), pp. 359–71
Goscinny, René, René Goscinny raconte les secrets d’Astérix (Paris, 2014)
Gregoratti, Leonardo, ‘North Italic Settlers along the “Amber Route”’, Studia Antiqua et Archaeologica, XIX/1 (2013), pp. 133–53
Halsall, Guy, ‘Two Worlds Become One: A “Counter-intuitive” View of the Roman Empire and “Germanic” Migration’, German History, XXXII/4 (2014), pp. 515–32
Hammond, Norman, ‘Obituary: Glyn Edmund Daniel, 1914–1986’, American Antiquity, LIV/2 (1989), pp. 234–9
Harding, Anthony, European Societies in the Bronze Age (Cambridge, 2000)
——, Salt in Prehistoric Europe (Leiden, 2013)
——, and Włodzimierz Rączkowski, ‘Living on the Lake in the Iron Age: New Results from Aerial Photographs, Geophysical Survey and Dendrochronology on Sites of Biskupin Type’, Antiquity, LXXXIV/324 (2010), pp. 386–404
Harl, Kenneth W., Coinage in the Roman Economy, 300 BC to AD 700 (Baltimore, MD, 1996)
Hawkins, Gerald S., Stonehenge Decoded (Garden City, NY, 1965)
Heather, Peter J., Empires and Barbarians: The Fall of Rome and the Birth of Europe (New York, 2010)
Barbarians Page 20