Hellcats
Page 33
prosubmarine gear and
publicity on submarine operations and
retirement of
Sink ’Em All by
Soviet naval forces and
as submarine expert
tests aboard Spadefish and
torpedo problem and
viewing of Japanese submarines by
visits to UCDWR laboratories by
Voge as right-hand man to
Wahoo loss and
Lombok Island
Lombok Strait
Long Lance torpedo
Los Angeles Times
Lowrance, Vernon L.
Luzon, Philippines
Lynch, Richard B. “Ozzie,”
letters from Sarah Edge to
in Operation Barney
MacArthur, Douglas
Malay Barrier
Manchuria
Manila, Philippines
Manitowoc Shipbuilding Company
Mare Island Naval Shipyard
Mariana Islands
Matsuwa To
McCann, Allan R.
McCloy, John J.
McKee, Andrew I.
McMorris, Charles H. “Soc,”
Midway, Battle of
Mike Day
Miller, Charles K.
Mindanao
Mindoro
Mine dip
Mk 14 torpedo
Mk 18 torpedo
Mk 27 torpedo (“cuties”)
Morgan, Armand M.
Morse code
Morton, Dudley W. “Mush,”
Nagasaki
Naka Shiretoko Misaki
Nanao, Japan
Nansei Shoto Islands
National Defense Research Committee (NDRC)
Naval Torpedo Station, Newport, Rhode Island
Navy Cross
Netherlands East Indies
New Guinea
New London, Connecticut
Niigata, Japan
Nimitz, Chester W.
atomic bomb and
Japanese surrender and
Lockwood’s plan and
loss of Bonefish and
Navy Day address of (October 27, 1945)
retirement and death of
Nimitz-class aircraft carrier
Nishi Notoro Misaki
North Atlantic convoys
Noto Hanto
Noto Peninsula
O-4 submarine
O-class submarine
Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI)
O’Kane, Richard
Okinawa
Okuno, Siso
Operation Barney
basic operational plan
beginning of
breakout
briefing presentation
communication during
controversy and criticism and
danger of mission
exit plans
Fox Day
homecoming of submarines
Lockwood and
loss of Bonefish
map of
Mike Day
mine-clearing cables problem
named
press conference following
press reports on
sinking of Japanese vessels in
Sonar Day
SORG’s evaluation of plan
submarines selected for
task force group names
training for
Operation Majestic
Operation Olympic
Orote Point
Otaru, Japan
Palawan
Palmer, Kyle
Parsons, William S.
Patton, George S.
Peachtree, Polly
Pearl Harbor, Japanese attack on
Pearl Harbor Naval Base
Philadelphia Navy Yard
Philippine Clipper, disappearance of
Philippine Islands
Pierce, George
letter to Sarah Edge from
in Operation Barney
vigil for Bonefish
Pierce’s Polecats (see USS Bonefish; USS Skate; USS Tunny)
Pillenwerfers
Port Darwin
Porter, George E.
Portsmouth Naval Shipyard
Potsdam Declaration
PPI scope (plan position indicator)
Prien, Günther
Prisoners of war
Prospective Submarine Commanding Officer (PCO) School, New London, Connecticut
Prosubmarine gear
Quelpart Island
R-class submarine
Radar
Radio communication
Radio engineering
Rebun Island
Risser, Robert D.
in Operation Barney
Risser’s Bobcats (see USS Bowfin ; USS Flying Fish ; USS Tinosa)
RO-class submarine
Roosevelt, Franklin D.
Roscoe, Theodore
Royal Navy
Ryuei Maru
Ryukyu Islands
S-class submarine
Sado Island
Saipan
Sakhalin (formerly Karafuto) Island
Sands, Eugene T.
Santa Cruz
Sapporo, Japan
Scapa Flow
Sea of Japan
early foray into
Hellcats mission into (see Operation Barney)
location of
planning for FMS mission into
Sea of Okhotsk
Seishin, Korea
Shantung, China
Shimonoseki Strait
Shirer, William L.
Sibuyan Sea
Sieglaff, William Bernard “Barney,”
appointment to Operation Barney
Operation Barney briefing presentation by
Sink ’Em All: Submarine War in the Pacific (Lockwood)
Smith, Harvey J., Jr.
Sonar. (see also FMS)
Sonar Day
SORG (Submarine Operations Research Group)
South China Sea
Soviet Union
Speer, Albert
Spruance, Raymond A.
Stalin, Joseph
Stalingrad
Steinmetz, Everett H.
in Operation Barney
Stone, William
Strait of Tartary
Styer, Charles W.
Subic Bay
Submarine Pacific Advanced Headquarters
SubsAsiatic Force
Suez Maru
Sulu Sea
Suzu Misaki
Tablas Strait
Tabular Records of Movement
“Tabular Summary of U.S. Submarine Losses During World War II,”
Taga Maru
Tench-class submarine
Tharpe, Jane
Tharpe, Mack
Tinian
Titanic (liner)
Tokyo, Doolittle raid on
Torpedo Data Computer (TDC)
Torpedo problem, in U.S. submarines
Toyama Wan
Transbalt (liner)
Treasure Island, San Francisco Bay
Truman, Harry S
Tsugaru Strait
Tsushima Island
Tsushima Strait
Type 93 mine
Tyree, Alexander “Alec” K.
in Operation Barney
Underwood, Gordon W.
United States Submarine Operations in World War II (United States Naval Institute)
U.S. Eighth Army
U.S. Fifth Fleet
U.S. Navy Radio and Sound Laboratory (USNRSL)
U.S. Third Fleet
University of California Division of War Research (UCDWR)
USS Apollo (AS-25)
USS Arkansas (BB-33)
USS Baltimore (CA-68)
USS Barb (SS-220)
USS Bluefish (SS-222)
USS Bonefish (SS-223)
approaching suspects by
armament of
call number of
c
hristening of
commanders of
commissioning of
Edge as commander of
final moments of
FMS aboard
lifeguarding duties of
loss of
Navy Unit Commendations
in Operation Barney
overhaul and modernization of
prisoners of war aboard
return to U.S.
sailing list
seventh patrol of
sixth patrol of
speed of
USS Bonefish II (SS-582)
USS Bowfin (SS-287)
FMS aboard
as museum ship
in Operation Barney
sailing list
USS Bullhead (SS-332), loss of
USS Bunker Hill (CV-17)
USS Chicago (CA-14)
USS Crevalle (SS-291)
FMS aboard
in Operation Barney
sailing list
USS Flasher (SS-249)
USS Flier (SS-176)
located
loss of
USS Flying Fish (SS-229)
FMS aboard
in Operation Barney
prisoner aboard
sailing list
USS George Washington (SSBN-598)
USS Griffin (AS-13)
USS Grunion (SS-176)
located
USS Holland (AS-3)
USS Indianapolis (CA-35)
USS Lagarto (SS-371)
located
USS Lapon (SS-260)
Sea of Japan mission and
USS Maryland (BB-46)
USS Mississippi (BB-23)
USS Missouri (BB-63)
USS Narwhal (SS-167)
USS Nautilus (SSN-571)
USS Pampanito (SS-383)
USS Parche (SS-384)
USS Perch (SS-176)
located
USS Permit (SS-178)
Sea of Japan mission and
USS Piper (SS-409)
USS Plunger (SS-179)
Sea of Japan mission and
USS Pope (DD-225)
USS Rasher (SS-269)
USS Redfin (SS-272)
USS Richmond (CL-9)
USS Sawfish (SS-276)
USS Sea Dog (SS-401)
FMS aboard
in Operation Barney
repairs to
sailing list
USS Sea Owl (SS-405)
USS Seahorse (SS-304)
repairs to
run-in with Japanese patrol boats
USS Sealion (SS-195)
loss of
USS Skate (SS-305)
FMS aboard
in Operation Barney
sailing list
USS Spadefish
FMS aboard
in Operation Barney
sailing list
USS Squalus (SS-192)
USS Steelhead (SS-280)
USS Tang, loss of
USS Tautog (SS-199)
USS Tench (SS-417)
USS Tinosa (SS-283)
FMS aboard
lifeguarding duties
mapping mission of
in Operation Barney
sailing list
USS Trout (SS-202), loss of
USS Trutta (SS-421)
USS Tunny (SS-282)
FMS aboard
in Operation Barney
prisoner aboard
sailing list
vigil for Bonefish by
USS Wahoo (SS-238)
commanding officer of
located
loss of
Sea of Japan mission and
sinkings by
Verde Island Passage
Vladivostok
Voge, Richard G.
Wakasa Wan
Wakatama Maru
Wakkanai Ko naval station
Watkins, Frank C.
Western Electric
Western Pacific Submarine Operations Area (1942-1945), map of
Wilkes, John
Wolf packs
World War I
Yonghung Bay
Zamboanga Peninsula
a The U.S. Army Air Force from March through August 1945 lost approximately 3,000 combat air crewmen and 485 B-29 bombers in attacks on Japan.
b Of the seven ships sunk by Hogan, the 4,645-ton Suez Maru had several hundred sick Japanese soldiers and hundreds of sick British and Dutch POWs aboard, many of them stretcher cases. The Bonefish torpedoed her off Surabaya, Java, on November 29, 1943. Hundreds of men drowned as the holds, crammed full of sick and injured, filled with water. Japanese escorts, after rescuing the Japanese soldiers who had survived the attack, machine-gunned the British and Dutch POWs clinging to life rafts and debris.
c Unknown to Edge, his second torpedo shot sank the Ryuei Maru. On March 18, 1946, the office of the Chief of Naval Operations released a document entitled, “Reassessment of Damage by Submarines.” In it, the CNO stated that, regarding the Bonefish’s attack on a convoy in the northern approaches of the Makassar Strait on July 8, 1944, “Japanese intelligence states that the Ryuei Maru was sunk at this time. Tonnage of that vessel is not definitely known but is estimated at 2,300 tons.”
d At war’s end deaths among American and British Commonwealth troops in the Pacific theater numbered approximately 108,000.
e This was not the report of the attack on the Wahoo that U.S. intelligence teams unearthed in Tokyo after the war, as in chapter three.
f Ten to twenty percent of a submarine’s crew rotated ashore between patrols. They were replaced by men from a pool of submariners who had sat out a patrol while assigned to submarine repair units aboard tenders.
g Despite all the explosions and the pall of smoke from the ship as she settled in the water, JANAC claimed that she had not been sunk, only damaged. Nevertheless, Edge noted in his patrol report that she’d disappeared off radar, a sure sign that she’d been sunk.
h JANAC’s postwar accounting confirmed the sinking of the two-thousand-ton Anjo Maru.
i JANAC confirmed damage to two, possibly three ships.
j JANAC confirmed the sinking of the 2,500-ton Fushimi Maru.
k At the end of the war the Tautog would claim the record for the most ships sunk, with twenty-six.
l The president died in Georgia on April 12. For the Bonefish crew patrolling west of the International Dateline, he died on April 13.
m Here Edge may have been risking an encounter with mines; if he was using the ship’s FMS to detect any, it isn’t mentioned in his patrol report.
n The Aichi E13A, code-named “Jake,” was a three-man single-engine floatplane used primarily for reconnaissance.
o Why Greer believed this to be so isn’t made clear in his patrol report. Submarine radar operators were highly experienced in such matters and likely the radar watch aboard the Seahorse made an interpretation that Greer must have concurred with.
p Fleet Radio and the Armed Forces Radio Network announced the news the day after Hitler committed suicide in his bunker on April 30, 1945. According to the journalist William L. Shirer, the announcement of the Führer’s death came on Hamburg radio. It was preceded by three drumrolls followed by, “Achtung! Achtung! Adolf Hitler, fighting to the last breath, fell for Germany in his operational headquarters in the Reich Chancellery.” No word that he’d blown his brains out.
q The AP flashed the news a day ahead of the official announcement by the Allies. Kennedy, who jumped the gun on the bulletin, was suspended by Eisenhower’s headquarters.
r The problems included a parted periscope hoist cable, a jittery gyro compass, a vibration in the auxiliary diesel engine, leaky lube oil coolers, noisy main motor commutators, and balky trim and drain pump motor controllers. The Sea Dog had undergone a refit at Guam prior to sailing. In his patrol report Hydeman pointedly remarked, “We pray for the day Sub Supply will get us working [replacement parts].”
s The source of these explosions was never posit
ively identified. One possibility was that the Japanese were dynamiting a site to install a shore battery either on nearby Iki Island overlooking the eastern channel, or on Tsushima Island itself. Another possible source was blasting in rock quarries on Tsushima Island.
t The Japanese at first dismissed reports of submarine attacks in the Sea of Japan. Then, even as it began to dawn that somehow U.S. subs had pierced the minefields ringing the sea, they were slow to grasp its significance and sound the alarm. By then it was too late: the Hellcats had infiltrated and the battle was on.
u The eight-hundred-tonner turned out to be the 2,220-ton Taga Maru, a nice bag for Risser and a rare case of a sub skipper underestimating the size of his target.
v According to Lockwood the prisoner’s name was Siso Okuno. Because he believed that he had dishonored himself and his family, he wanted to commit hara-kiri. He was brought to Midway for interrogation and, like so many other Japanese POWs released after the war, simply disappeared.
w Exactly how these charts were recovered is not explained in the Flying Fish’s patrol report. In Hellcats of the Sea, Lockwood says “Risser’s diving team” recovered them from the sunken ship’s still-floating charthouse, this despite darkness and waters teeming with enemy survivors. The charts were supposedly dried out in the sub’s engine rooms.
x A rough draft of this letter is the only letter from Sarah to Lawrence that exists. None of the hundreds of letters she wrote, which Lawrence kept, nor any of his personal effects, were returned after his death. Each submarine had a storage locker assigned to it aboard the submarine tenders, but the Bonefish’s locker aboard the USS Apollo (AS-25) at Guam was reportedly empty. Lawrence most likely kept Sarah’s letters aboard ship.
The movie was Destination Tokyo, starring Cary Grant, John Garfield, and Dane Clark. In the film an American sub penetrates Tokyo Bay for the purpose of putting agents ashore to collect weather information.
y For the invasion of Manchuria the Soviets made provisions for dealing with upward of 540,000 casualties, including 160,000 killed (a mere drop in the bucket compared to the millions of Russians slaughtered fighting on the Eastern Front). The numbers were based on Soviet assumptions of Japan’s intention to fight to the death, the same assumption that the United States had made from its appalling losses at Iwo Jima and Okinawa.
z See Appendix Two for a tally of sinkings by each of the Hellcat submarines.