Then Comes Marriage
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Conservative Judaism, 209–11
“A Conservative Rabbi’s Case for Marriage Equality” (Uhrbach), 210–11
conservatives, 39–40, 54–55, 245–46
Cooper, Charles, 253–55
Cooper & Kirk, 254
Coplan, Jill Hamburg, 160–61
Cott, Nancy, 157–58
culture wars, 40
Cuomo, Andrew, 165
cynicism, 145–46
Dancel, Genora, 30
“Dayenu,” 252
death penalty, 68–69
DeBonis, Eddie, 114, 202
Defense of Marriage Act, 30, 39, 40, 57, 111–12, 114, 120, 132, 162
1996 debate over, 217–18
amicus briefs filed in defense of, 206–7, 218–19
breadth of, 265–66, 292–93
challenges to, 113, 123–28, 131–52, 155–61, 164–68, 178–79, 181–83, 189–90, 192–201, 203–41, 291 (see also specific cases)
Clinton and, 39, 40, 231–33, 246, 269
Dictionary Act and, 219–20
as discriminatory, 216–17, 269, 278–82, 285, 292–93
ethics law and, 189–90, 212
federal employees and, 189–90
impact of, 213–14, 219–20
Obama administration’s decision not to defend, 144–47, 148, 160, 205, 224
Obama’s calls to repeal, 144
passage of, 212, 246–47, 267–69, 279–80
repeal of Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell and, 212–14
Section 3, 111, 181, 193, 224, 272, 281, 291, 292
states’ rights and, 220, 244–46, 292
striking down of, 292
unconstitutionality of, 220–21, 241, 244–47, 257, 271, 275, 291, 292–93
De Leon v. Perry, 308
Delery, Stuart, 192–94
Diamond, Lisa, 207–8
Sexual Fluidity: Understanding Women’s Love and Desire, 168–70
dignity, 292–93, 319–20, 322
discrimination, 30, 49–50, 170–73, 195–96, 216–17, 269, 278–82, 285, 292–93, 307
dishonorable discharges, from U.S. military, 30
“DOMA Infringes on States’ Rights” (Will), 244–45
domestic partnership, 46–47, 56–57, 101
Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell policy, 24, 151–52
Clinton, Bill, 39
repeal of, 212–14
Dooley, Elizabeth, 206
Droney, Christopher, 194
Duane, Tom, 43
due process, 12, 66–67, 73, 246–47
Edie & Thea, 122, 126, 130
debut of, 110–11
as evidence, 112–13
shooting of, 106–7
Edith Schlain Windsor v. the United States of America, 11, 131–47, 148–49, 152–61, 165, 170–74, 179–88, 192–94, 196–99, 284–85. See also United States v. Windsor
amicus briefs filed in, 189–90, 201, 206–14, 218–19, 234
business brief for, 212
Circuit Court decision in, 195–98
considered for certiorari before the Supreme Court, 203–22, 223–41, 250
jurisdictional issue, 205–6, 223, 224
merits arguments for, 223
merits brief, 206, 214–22
oral argument for, 192–94, 223, 240
Ehrlich, Andrew, 67, 119, 144, 165, 201–2, 242, 252
elections, 1994 midterm, 39–40
Empire State Pride Agenda, 171, 208
Episcopal Church, 209
equal protection, 12, 245, 271–72, 274, 299
Esseks, James, 66, 80, 123–26, 129–30, 182, 186, 226, 228, 230–31, 235, 252
Edith Schlain Windsor v. the United States of America and, 132–33, 143–44, 157, 179, 200–202
United States v. Windsor and, 262–63, 297, 300, 305, 318
estate taxes, 111–12, 117–18, 124–26, 166–68, 193–94
ethics law, 189–90, 212
Evangelical Lutheran Church, 209
Facebook, 212, 245
fact, establishing, 166–68
Family Equality Council, 208
Family Research Council, 208
Fantasy Island, 239–40
Faulkner, William, 305
Fay, Brendan, 102, 103, 104, 106, 114, 202
FBI, 171, 172–73, 187, 216
federal employees, 189–90
federalism, 246, 265, 270–72, 274, 275–77, 292
Federalist Society, 68–69, 121, 191, 193
Fink, Julie, 119–20, 136, 146–47, 162–63, 186, 201–2, 230, 239, 242, 295
Fisher, Jeffrey, 234
Florida, marriage equality in, 301
Flumenbaum, Marty, 140
Francis, James, 155, 156–57, 166–68
Frank, Barney, 48
Freedom to Marry campaign, 208, 318
Gallup poll on popular support for marriage equality, 301
Gay & Lesbian Advocates & Defenders (GLAD), 48, 49–50, 113, 118, 123–24, 129–30, 132, 144, 208
of Massachusetts, 76
Gay & Lesbian Independent Democrats, 43
Gay Pride Parade, New York, 18
gay sexual relationships, public opinion about, 29
Geidner, Chris, 93, 298
Gibson Dunn, 236
Gill v. Office of Personnel Management, 123–24, 129–30, 132, 143, 178–80, 183, 187–89, 197, 201
Gingrich, Newt, 39–40
Ginsburg, Ruth Bader, 187, 199–200, 235, 241, 264–67, 274, 296
Giske, Emily, 164, 201–2, 252, 261, 287–88, 299
Glick, Deborah, 43
Goldberg, Suzanne, 318
Goldman Sachs, 212
Goldstein, Tom, 253
Golinski v. Office of Personnel Management, 178, 180, 183, 187–90
GO magazine, 160–61
Goodridge v. Department of Public Health, 51, 53–55, 76, 318
Graffeo, Victoria, 73
Graves, James, 308, 310
Gregory, David, 176–77
Griffin, Chad, 235, 316, 318
Hallward-Driemeier, Doug, 318
Harris, Rachel, 119
Harvard University, 24, 25, 28
Hawaii, 30, 39
Commission on Sexual Orientation and the Law, 40
Department of Health, 30
marriage equality in, 40, 279–80
Supreme Court of, 39
Hawaii Supreme Court, 30
Hays, Robert Jr., 149
health insurance, 46
Heaps, Bailey, 206
heightened scrutiny, 141–42, 145–46, 194–95, 219, 220, 278, 285
“Here Comes the Groom” (Sullivan), 48–49
Hernandez v. Robles, 67, 163–65, 196, 263, 305–6, 316
decision in, 77–81, 84, 85
oral argument for, 70–77, 115–16
Rosenblatt’s recusal from, 69–70
Heschel, Abraham Joshua, 300, 322
Higginbotham, Patrick, 308, 312
Holder, Eric, 139, 144–45, 146
Hollingsworth v. Perry, 200–201, 234–36, 238, 250, 252–55, 277–78, 282, 286
decision in, 290, 291, 292
legal team from, 236–38
oral argument for, 253–57, 264
homophobia, 28, 44, 63, 171–73, 283–84. See also discrimination
Horwitz, Belle (Grandma Belle), 22–23, 45
Horwitz, Benjamin (Benjie), 22
Howe, Amy, 253, 254
Hoyer, Steny, 148
Hoylman, Brad, 299
Human Rights Campaign (HRC), 114, 118, 150, 235, 245, 316, 318
Huntsville, Texas, 68
Indiana, marriage equality in, 315
“It’s Time to Overturn DOMA” (Clinton), 232–33
Jackson, Vicki, 223–24, 250
Jacobs, Dennis, 121, 190–91, 193, 195–97
Janghorbani, Jaren, 119, 149, 161–62, 184, 186, 191, 195, 201–2, 242, 252, 257, 262–63, 295
Jarrett, Valerie, 263
The Jenny Jones Show, 40
&nb
sp; Jewish congregations, 209, 210
Jewish Conservative Movement groups, 209–10
Jewish holidays, 191–92, 250
Jewish Theological Seminary (JTS), 60, 209, 210
Johnson, Donna, 213–14
Johnson, Jeh, 151–52
Johnson, Magic, 29
Jones, Barbara, 134, 136, 138, 140, 155, 158, 174, 179, 181–82, 186, 187, 193
Jury Project, 32–33, 194–95
Kagan, Elena, 179–80, 183, 187–88, 197, 201, 203, 255, 267–69, 275, 278
Kaplan, Roberta
childhood of, 22–23
clothing for court, 243–44
competitive spirit of, 181–82
marriage of, 59–61, 63, 68, 209, 285–86
before moot courts, 225–30, 231, 233–34, 236–38, 249
parents of, 22, 29, 34, 45–46, 59, 301
sermon at Congregation Beit Simchat Torah, 299–300
speech at Stonewall site, 299
before the Supreme Court, 273–87
Kaplan-Lavine, Jacob, 21–22, 135, 137, 162, 180–81, 221–22, 286, 287, 322
birth of, 61–62, 67
Edith Windsor and, 175–76
Ellie and, 258–60
New York City’s Pride Weekend and, 301
Roberta’s adoption of, 80–84
Karlan, Pam, 223–25, 230–31, 233, 242, 249, 252–53, 258, 318
Edith Schlain Windsor v. the United States of America and, 184–88, 198, 201, 203–7, 217
United States v. Windsor, 261–63, 266, 287
Karp, Brad, 115, 204–5, 297
Kaufman, Elaine, 86
Kaye, Joshua, 186, 201–2, 240, 241, 308
Kaye, Judith, 32–38, 40, 49, 68–69, 76–77, 79–80, 194–95, 242
Kelly, Colin, 119, 242
Kelly, Neil, 149
Kennedy, Anthony, 187–88, 207, 220, 229, 269, 310, 317
Lawrence v. Texas and, 51–53, 246–48
Obergefell v. Hodges and, 319–21
opinion in Windsor, 292–93, 294
previous decisions written by, 290
United States v. Windsor and, 265–67, 271–72, 275, 282–83, 291
King, Martin Luther Jr., 300
King & Spalding, 148, 149–50, 152, 155, 212
Koritz, Alexia, 93, 161, 201–2, 239, 242, 295
Koufax, Sandy, 191
Lagon, Pat, 30
L.A. Law, 29
Lamb, Michael, 157
Lambda Legal Defense and Education Fund, 30, 65, 67, 69, 112–13, 118, 124, 132, 208, 309, 318
Lavine, Ari, 287
Lavine, David, 136–37
Lavine, Rachel, 114, 135–37, 162, 164–65, 181, 201–2, 221–22, 259–61, 263, 286, 290–91, 295
birth of Jacob and, 62–63, 81–84
early relationship with Roberta, 41–45, 56–59
honeymoon of, 67
marriage of, 59–61, 63, 68
mother of, 287, 308
New York City’s Pride Weekend and, 301
Passover Seder and, 250–52
sister of, 287
victory celebration after decision, 299–300
wedding of, 209
at Yom Kippur services, 191–92
Lawrence v. Texas, 51–54, 64, 229, 246–48, 256, 282–84, 290, 294, 317–18, 320
Leahy, Patrick, 179
legislation. See also specific legislation
antisodomy laws, 51–52
against gay sexual relationships, 20
Levin, Kramer, 210–11
Levine, Howard, 36–37
Levi Strauss, 212
Levy, Ariel, 291
“The Perfect Wife,” 290
LGBT activists, 30, 31, 43, 48–49
LGBT Center, 131–33, 171, 295–97
LGBT churches, 208
LGBT Film Festival, 110
LGBT people, changing attitudes toward, 28–29, 29, 151, 301
LGBT rights movement, 48–49, 113, 114, 145–46, 151, 303–5, 307. See also Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell policy; marriage equality; parenthood
in New York, 64–65
Lin, Jean, 138
London, Martin, 40–41, 202, 263
Louisiana, marriage equality in, 308–9
Loving v. Virginia, 66
Maraweck, Virginia, 261
marriage. See also marriage equality
adoption and, 33–34
children and, 71–72, 74–75, 79–80
community and, 46–47
in Hawaii, May 1, 1991, 30
interracial, 66
procreation and, 71–72, 74–77, 79–80
Marriage Act of Ontario, 105
marriage equality, 39, 46–49, 51–53
in all fifty states, 294–95, 301–2, 315–22
in California, 117–18, 132, 178, 200, 234, 236, 253–55, 292–93 (see also Hollingsworth v. Perry)
in Canada, 51, 57, 63, 103–4
in Connecticut, 129–30
in Florida, 301
in Hawaii, 40, 279–80
in Indiana, 315
in Louisiana, 308–9
in Maryland, 178
in Massachusetts, 53–55, 64, 76, 178, 304, 318, 322
in Michigan, 318–20
military members and, 212–14
in Minnesota, 310
in Mississippi, 302–13, 322–23
in New Hampshire, 132
in New Jersey, 178
in New York, 64, 65–68, 69–81, 84, 85, 122–29, 163–64, 277–78
in Ohio, 315–22
in Oklahoma, 301, 315
popular support for, 151–52, 301
rapid developments between 2011 and 2015, 151
significance of, 50
states’ rights and, 220, 244–46, 275–77, 280–81
symbolism of, 50, 58
in Texas, 301, 308–9, 318
U.S. government and, 212–14
in Utah, 301, 315
in Vermont, 132, 322
in Virginia, 315
in Washington, DC, 132
in Washington state, 178
Marriage Equality Act, 163–64
Marshall, Margaret, 53–54, 303, 318
Martinez, Brian, 144
Martinez, Nico, 206
Maryland, marriage equality in, 178
Massachusetts, 51
challenge to DOMA in, 113, 123–24, 132
marriage equality in, 64, 76, 178, 304, 318, 322
Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, 51, 53–55
Matheny, Justin, 304–5, 312–13
Matter of Alison D., 34
Matter of Dana, 33, 35–39, 64, 74, 80–81
Matter of Jacob, 33, 35–39, 64, 74, 80–81
McCarthyism, 173, 187
McHugh, Paul, 207–8
McMahon, Colleen, 32–33, 34, 194–95, 222
McMillen, Constance, 160
McNally, Terence, 222
Meet the Press, 176–77
Melillo, Joseph, 30
Mercury, Freddie, 29
Messinger, Ruth, 18–19
Methodist churches, 209
Michigan, marriage equality in, 318–20
Microsoft, 212
military members
LGBT people as, 212–14
marriage equality and, 212–14
Milk, Harvey, 55
Milligan, David, 261
Minnesota, marriage equality in, 310
Minnesota Supreme Court, 310
Mississippi, marriage equality in, 302–13, 322–23
Montgomery bus boycott, 307
moot courts, 225–30, 231, 233–34, 236–38, 249
“moral disapproval,” 286
“moral understanding,” 286–87
Morrison, Alan, 189–90, 212, 230
Morrison, Nina, 189
Murray, Mary, 243
Muska, Susan, 106, 110, 122
Nadler, Jerrold, 263
NARTH, 168–69
National Association of Evangelicals, 208
National Organization for Marriage, 208
National Union of South African Students, 53
New Hampshire, marriage equality in, 132
New Jersey, marriage equality in, 178
New Orleans, Louisiana, 308, 309
New Republic, 48–49
Newsom, Gavin, 55, 318
New York, 55–56, 64–65, 190
leadership of, 74
marriage equality in, 64, 65–68, 69–81, 84–85, 122–29, 163–64, 277–78
state legislature in, 163–64
New York, New York, 23–24, 47
Clerk’s Office, 46
domestic partnership in, 101
Pride Weekend in, 165, 299–301
New York Court of Appeals, 32, 34–39, 49, 56, 64–69, 73–74
The New Yorker, 235, 290
New York Post, 177
New York Times, 50, 105–6
editorial “In Defense of Marriage, for All,” 144
New York University, 171–72
alumni magazine of, 161
North Carolina, 277–78
NPR, 155, 243
Obama, Barack, 139, 140, 143–46, 148, 160, 187, 205, 295
decision not to defend DOMA, 224
judicial appointments by, 303 (see also Kagan, Elena; Sotomayor, Sonia)
statement in support of marriage equality, 177–78
Obama administration, 177–78
Obergefell, James, 315, 317, 318, 322–23
Obergefell v. Hodges, 315–22
amicus briefs, on behalf of, 316–18
decision in, 320–21
the People’s Brief, 316–18
O’Connor, Sandra Day, 22
O’Donnell, Daniel, 65–66, 164, 299
O’Donnell, Rosie, 65
Ohio, 284
marriage equality in, 315–22
Oklahoma, marriage equality in, 301, 315
Olafsdottir, Greta, 106, 110, 122
Olson, Theodore, 117–18, 132, 200, 236–38, 255–57, 318
Ontario, Canada, 51
Oracle, 212
Orwell, George, 208
Ouellette, Alicia, 36–37
Out magazine, 160–61
Outserve-SLDN, 213–14
parental rights, 61–62
parenthood, 33, 34–39, 57–59, 61–62, 63, 64, 74, 78–80, 80–84, 293–94. See also adoption
Parents and Friends of Ex-Gays & Gays (PFOX), 208
Partnership for New York City, 190
Passover, 250–52
Paterson, David, 164
Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison, 31, 32–33, 40–41, 43, 56, 194, 242, 252
complaints written by, 126–27
Edith Schlain Windsor v. the United States of America and, 118, 121–22, 185–86, 199–202
gay partners at, 68–69, 119–20
pro bono cases and, 115
United States v. Windsor and, 203, 206, 221–22, 290, 297, 320
Pedersen v. Office of Personnel Management, 178, 188, 189
Pelosi, Nancy, 55, 148, 263
Penry, Johnny Paul, 68
the People’s Brief, 316–18