140 Guiley, 14, 31, 47-48, 50-54
141 Verne, 634
142 New York Times, 12/24/68, 6
143 New York Times, 12/25/68, 38
144 Both the New York Times (12/25/68, 38) and the transcripts (02 21 51 16) say that Lovell said deep sand,” but he, Bill Anders, and Thomas Paine all remember the phrase as “beach sand.”
145 Baker, 276-279; Aldrin, 161-165.
146 Lovell (1994), 189-192.
147 Borman, 170.
148 Borman, 173.
149 New York Times, 4/23/67, 56.
150 http://solar.rtd.utk.edu/mwade/flights/soyuz1.htm
151 Lebedev, 161-168.
152 New York Times, 4/7/68, 1, 62, 63.
153 Cox, 73-74; Kahn, 108.
154 New York Times, 4/12/68, 1.
155 New York Times, 1/2/68, 4; 2/7/68, 15.
156 New York Times, 2/4/68, 11; 2/4/68, 15; 2/9/68, 1, 12.
157 New York Times, 2/6/68, 16; 3/6/68, 1.
158 New York Times, 4/26/68, 3.
159 Adelson, 124-130, 142-145, 206-208; Kelman, 107-161; Heath, 56-71, 118; Unger, 117-148; See also New Left Notes, 1966-1971.
160 Kahn, 76.
161 Kahn, 182.
162 Cox, 206.
163 Kahn, 98.
164 New York Times, 5/13/68, 46; Cox, 59, 205-207.
165 Kahn, 127; Unger, 107; Adelson, 223.
166 Adelson, 223-224
167 Kahn, 150
168 Kahn, 151
169 Kahn, 183
170 Hayden (1988), 272-282
171 Cox, 156-168; Kahn, 188-213; Baker, Brewer, DeBuse, Hillsman, Milner, and Soeiro, 29-76
172 New York Times, 5/18/68, 1; 5/19/68, 1
173 New York Times, 5/22/68, 1; 5/23/68, 1; Baker, Brewer, DeBuse, Hillsman, Milner, Soeiro, 93-95
174 New York Times, 5/12/68, 69
175 New York Times, 4/27/68, 1
176 New York Times, 5/21/68, 1, 51
177 Murray, 309-312
178 Murray & Cox, 312
179 New York Times, 4/8/68, 16
180 Murray & Cox, 315
181 Apollo 8 Technical Debriefing, 38-39.
182 The transcripts (03 00 05 40) quote Lovell as saying “I can see the old second bishop right now.” This however makes no sense to him. Since Mount Marilyn was “the initial point,” the first landmark used by Armstrong and Aldrin as they began their descent to the lunar surface, he believes that this is what he said, and that the transcription is in error.
183 Parade, 2/23/69, 20-21.
184 Discover, 7/94, 40.
185 Melosh, v, 3-13.
186 Borman, 295.
187 Borman, 207.
188 New York Times, 2/7/68, 17.
189 New York Times, 8/12/68, 1, 15; Miami Herald, 12/26/68, 6c.
190 New York Times, 8/13/68, 10.
191 Hansen, 245.
192 Aldrin, 191.
193 Murray, 313.
194 Lay, 140-147.
195 Daily Mail, 1/16/69.
196 Chaikin, 66.
197 Lovell (1994), 38.
198 Chaikin, 59.
199 Murray and Cox, 322.
200 Murray, 322-323; Lambright, 200-205.
201 Pehe, 194-198; Dawisha, 138-141, 148-152; Willaims, 63-111.
202 Williams, 112, 125-143; Dawisha, 319-332; New York Times, 8/30/68, 1; 8/31/68,1-2; 9/14/68, 1.
203 New York Times, 5/24/68, 1; 5/25/68, 1; 12/4/68, 1; 12/6/68, 1; 12/7/68, 4.
204 New York Times, 6/25/68, 1, 29.
205 New York Times, 8/11/68, IV-1.
206 New York Times, 11/8/62, 18.
207 New York Times, 9/15/68, 1.
208 New York Times, 8/30/68, 17.
209 New York Times, 8/29/68, 1; 8/30/68, 1; New York Times, 9/1/68, 1.
210 New York Times, 11/8/68, 1.
211 New York Times, 11/6/68, 3.
212 New York Times, 8/30/68, 14; 8/31/68, 11; 12/4/68, 29.
213 New York Times, 11/8/68, 16.
214 Borman, 183-185.
215 Lovell (1994), 32-33.
216 Baker, 309.
217 Baker, 309.
218 Aldrin, 194.
219 Aldrin, 197.
220 Lambright, 199.
221 Borman, 194.
222 Unfortunately, President Johnson’s desire to have a big dinner party with the astronauts on December 9th defeated this plan. Valerie Anders remembered that all she could hear that night at the White House dinner were people coughing. Fortunately no one got sick, though some to this day wonder if Frank Borman’s ailment on day one of the mission might have been a twenty-four hour virus.
223 Sherrod interview of Laitin, 3.
224 Foerster, 12.
225 Anderson (1993), 145-157.
226 Morgan, 92-93.
227 New York Times, 12/26/68, 1.
228 Washington Post, 12/26/68, F1.
229 New York Times, 12/26/68, 41.
230 New York Times, 12/26/68, 41.
231 Borman, 216.
232 Borman, 216.
233 Miami Herald, 12/27/68, 31-A.
234 Borman, 192.
235 Borman, 217.
236 Borman, 218.
237 Borman, 220.
238 New York Times, 4/5/69, 19.
239 Time, 1/7/80, 3.
240 Time, 1/3/69, 17.
241 Miami Herald, 12/28/68, 16-A.
242 Houston Post, 3/8/69, 14.
243 New York Times, 12/8/69.
244 New York Times, 12/24/68, 22.
245 Oberg, 111-127.
246 Kamanin, 4-5.
247 New York Times, 1/19/69, II-28; 2/2/69, II-31; 2/28/69, 4; 3/16/69, II-38.
248 New York Times, 1/10/69, 1.
249 New York Times, 12/30/68, 1.
250 Aldrin, 239-240.
251 Chaikin, 204.
252 http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/alsj/frame.html; click on “Post-Landing Activities“ and go to 105:26:08.
253 Chaikin, 204-206.
254 Frank Borman notes in his book Countdown, pp. 237-238, that Nixon rejected remarks proposed by NASA that would have made it sound as if his “administration was responsible for Apollo 11’s success and most of the technological achievements that preceded the flights.” Instead he said words that were “appropriate, brief, and [didn’t upstage] the Apollo 11 crew.” Nonetheless, Nixon did speak, setting a precedent that has since turned almost every space mission into a political photo-op.
255 New York Times, 3/18/69, 44.
256 New York Times, 5/20/69, 1.
257 New York Times, 12/28/68, 47.
258 “People’s Science” in Science for the People, February, 1971, 3:1, 12, 14-20.
259 Borman, 236.
260 Borman, 234-236.
261 Gitlin, 431.
262 Gitlin, 422.
263 Sinclair, 51-68; Jacobson, 37-42, 205-206.
264 Sierra, 9/95, 73.
265 Whole Earth Catalog, Menlo Park, California: Nowells Publications, 1971. The caption was a quote from Energy Flow in Biology by Harold Morowitz, New York: Academic Press.
266 New Left Notes, 2/5/70.
267 Co-Evolution Quarterly, the Ongoing Whole Earth Catalog, 6 (1975, Summer), 28.
268 Aronowitz, 163-168. The increase in environmental legislation almost immediately after Apollo 8 can also be seen in the following table, researched by Richard E. Balzhiser. See Balzhiser, 118.
269 Khrushchev (1970), 385.
270 Newsweek, 8/26/68, 59.
271 New York Times, 12/25/68, 1.
272 New York Times, 2/6/69.
273 Baltimore Sun, 2/12/68.
274 Collier (1996), 169-191; Hollander, 3-80.
275 Hollander, 49-78, 443-468.
276 Cunningham, 187.
277 U.S. News & World Report, 11/11/91, 16
278 Newhall, 525, 583, 1090.
279 Newhall, 642, 645.
280 http://www.hq.nasa.gov/osf/1997/com.html
281 Space News, 5/18-24/98,
3
282 Space News , 2/2-8/98, 11; 3/23-29/98, 16; 5/25-31/98, 6
283 Space News, 3/23/29/98, 16
284 Space News, 3/23-29/98, 1
285 New York Times, 2/8/94, D1; 9/9/94, A7; 9/11/94, IV-2; 11/28/94, D3; 12/18/94, V-3; 2/5/95, VI-45; 7/3/95, A4
286 Reagan, 335
287 Harwood, CBS News webpage: ftp://uttm.com/pub/space/STS-86_Archive.txt
288 U.P.I., 9/30/97.
289 http://www.spacedev.com
290 Posted in sci.space.policy 10/9/97.
Table of Contents
Title Page
Front Matter
Foreword by Valerie Anders
Preface to the 2012 Edition
INTRODUCTION
TIMELINE
1. “GET A PICTURE OF IT.”
2. “ WE WILL BURY YOU! ”
BORMAN
LOVELL
ANDERS
KHRUSHCHEV
3. “ THAT EARTH IS SURE LOOKING SMALL.”
4. “ WE STAND FOR FREEDOM.”
BERLIN
KENNEDY
HOUSTON
BERLIN
5. “WELCOME TO THE MOON’S SPHERE.”
6. HUGGING THE COAST
KHRUSHCHEV
GEMINI
GREGORY
BERLIN
7. “HEY, I GOT THE MOON!”
8. “SETTLE THIS BY NIGHT FALL.”
APOLLO 1
SOYUZ 1
COLUMBIA
SATURN 5
9. “THERE’S A BEAUTIFUL EARTH OUT THERE.”
10. “WHY DON’T YOU BEGIN AT THE BEGINNING?”
C-PRIME
REVOLUTION
APOLLO 8
WORDS
11. PILGRIMS TO THE MOON
12. “AMERICAN CHEESE”
13. THAT WAS THEN
THE SQUARES
CHANGES
14. THIS IS NOW
FAMILY
EARTH
FREEDOM
EDITORIAL MINUTIAE AND GLOSSARY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Footnotes
Genesis Page 30