Daughters of the Samurai: A Journey From East to West and Back

by Janice P. Nimura

  188 Tsuda had fathered a child: Yoshiko Furuki, The White Plum, a Biography of Ume Tsuda: Pioneer in the Higher Education of Japanese Women (New York: Weatherhill, 1991), 107.

  189 “Mrs. Lanman she misses you”: Shige Uriu to Adeline Lanman, 1883, TCA, IX-C-7.

  189 “I think music would not do much”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, February 1, 1883, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 38.

  189 “I think it very unwise”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, May 26, 1883, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 71–73.

  189 Sutematsu was trying: Sutematsu Yamakawa to Alice Bacon, April 12, 1883, SYOP, Box 1, Folder 5, VSC.

  189 “Please don’t write anything”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, May 26, 1883, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 71–73.

  189 “They are entirely too stuck up”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, April 27, 1883, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 62–67.

  190 “which only poorer classes attend”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, December 17, 1882, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 24–26.

  190 Kaigan Jogakko: Barbara Rose, Tsuda Umeko and Women’s Education in Japan (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1992), 61.

  190 “Now are you not surprised”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, May 25, 1883, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 70–71.

  190 “I am so busy”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, June 6, 1883, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 74–75.

  190 “Do not suppose, Mrs. Lanman”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, June 18, 1883, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 77–79.

  191 “I think I am young yet”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, July 15, 1883, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 83.

  191 “I want to have my school”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, June 6, 1883, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 74–75.

  191 “But what a position”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, November 2, 1883, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 101–2.

  191 “I don’t hide it”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, October 31, 1883, in Rose, Tsuda Umeko, 62.

  191 “very curious and very beautiful”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, November 5, 1883, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 102–3.

  192 “lovely in blue crepe”: Ibid.

  192 “Who am I?”: Ume Tsuda, “Personal Recollections of Prince Ito,” in The Writings of Umeko Tsuda [Tsuda Umeko monjo] (Kodaira, Japan: Tsuda College, 1984), 489–90.

  192 “He is such a great man now”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, November 5, 1883, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 102–3.

  192 “Will you really believe it”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, December 4, 1883, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 108–10.

  192 “It seems he is very anxious”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, November 20, 1883, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 106–8.

  193 “young peaches”: Furuki, White Plum, 61.

  193 “Oh, I am so grateful”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, December 4, 1883, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 108–10.

  193 “fond of the pleasures”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, December 18, 1883, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 113–16.

  193 “If you have Mr. Ito”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, December 4, 1883, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 108–10.

  193 “she had so much petting”: Sutematsu Yamakawa to Alice Bacon, January 18, 1883, SYOP, Box 1, Folder 5, VSC.

  193 “On the whole, I do like”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, December 4, 1883, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 108–10.

  194 “[Sutematsu] said it was not formidable”: Ibid.

  194 “He also wishes me to go out”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, December 18, 1883, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 113–16.

  194 “we three girls”: Ibid.

  194 “to think I might live”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, December 9, 1883, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 110–13.

  195 “I want to talk to you”: Ibid.

  195 “grand evening entertainment”: Ibid.

  195 “a second-class casino”: Meech-Pekarik, World of the Meiji Print, 148.

  195 “a gymnastic feat”: John Dwight, “The Marchioness Oyama,” Twentieth Century Home, 1904.

  196 three star-shaped diamond pins: Akiko Kuno, Unexpected Destinations: The Poignant Story of Japan’s First Vassar Graduate, trans. Kirsten McIvor (New York: Kodansha International, 1993), 154–55.

  196 “a perfect hostess”: Dwight, “Marchioness Oyama.”

  196 “I enjoyed myself so much”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, December 18, 1883, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 113–16.

  196 “I have two rooms”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, February 29, 1884, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 139–40.

  196 “Of course, temporarily”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, December 21, 1883, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 116–17.

  197 “an awful bother”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, January 4, 1884, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 121–24.

  197 “very serious talks”: Ibid.

  197 “very hard and rather slow”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, January 13, 1884, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 125–28.

  197 “I would give a great deal”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, January 27, 1884, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 131–32.

  197 “You see how well-filled”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, March 27, 1884, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 146–47.

  197 “Is Labor a Blessing”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, February 29, 1884, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 139–40.

  198 “Is it not lovely”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, February 26, 1884, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 135–37.

  198 Her visits to court: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, January 4, 1884, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 121–24.

  198 “If I told you all I know”: Sutematsu Yamakawa to Alice Bacon, March 1884, SYOP, Box 1, Folder 5, VSC.

  198 “learned ladies”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, February 26, 1884, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 135–37.

  199 “Do you know that the dream”: Sutematsu Yamakawa to Alice Bacon, March 1884, SYOP, Box 1, Folder 5, VSC.

  199 “What a splendid thing”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, February 26, 1884, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 135–37.

  199 “We are to set up a school”: Sutematsu Yamakawa to Alice Bacon, March 1884, SYOP, Box 1, Folder 5, VSC.

  200 Tokyo’s Charity Hospital: “Our Roots—To Serve the Suffering Poor,” The Jikei University School of Medicine, 2004, http://www.jikei.ac.jp/eng/our.html.

  200 “You don’t know what an undertaking”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, April 5, 1884, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 147–50.

  200 Their handicrafts: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, June 15, 1884, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 160–63.

  201 “These were made for the occasion”: Ibid.

  201 Ume helped Mrs. Ito: “Notes,” Japan Weekly Mail, June 14, 1884.

  201 “they urged the people to buy”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, June 15, 1884, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 160–63.

  201 “It is a matter for universal admiration”: “The Opening of the Charity Bazaar,” Japan Weekly Mail, June 14, 1884. (Translated from Mainichi & Choya Shimbun.)

  202 “was neither refined, elegant”: “Notes,” Japan Weekly Mail, June 28, 1884.

  202 “We have a very sincere admiration”: Ibid.

  202 The Chugai Bukka Shimpo: Ibid.

  202 “I must say she began early”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, July 17, 1884, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 166.

  203 “At such a time”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, June 23, 1884, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 163–65.

  203 “On the whole, I am glad”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, December 21, 1884, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 171–72.

  204 “‘accompanied by a relative’”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, September 25, 1885, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 219–22.

  204 “We had quite a grand dinner”: Ibid.

  204 “I have such a nice desk here”: Ibid.

  205 “I know just how I ought to do”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, November 10, 1885, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 229–30.

  205 gold brocade gown: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, September 15, 1885, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 218–19.

  205 “My dress really did look nice”:
Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, November 20, 1885, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 230–32.

  205 “I did not know what to do”: Ibid.

  206 “a very empty title”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, July 14, 1884, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 165–66.

  206 “After the music ceased”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, November 20, 1885, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 230–32.

  206 “We consider women’s duty”: Miki Yamaguchi, “The Education of Peeresses in Japan,” Far East, January 20, 1898, 406.

  207 “So they asked me privately”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, November 9, 1885, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 227–28.

  12: ALICE IN TOKYO

  208 “as very few of the better classes catch it”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, August 9, 1886, in Yoshiko Furuki, ed., The Attic Letters: Ume Tsuda’s Correspondence to Her American Mother (New York: Weatherhill, 1991), 257.

  208 Ryo Yoshimasu: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, September 10, 1886, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 260–61.

  209 “Just suppose, if on the Japanese stage”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, September 23, 1886, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 263.

  209 “I send you a newspaper”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, November 23, 1886, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 268–69.

  209 “old Emperors waltzing”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, April 22, 1887, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 283–85.

  209 “The fancy ball made a great stir”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, May 1, 1887, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 285.

  210 “I love to think of you two”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, January 29, 1887, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 276–77.

  210 “I have received notice”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, September 22, 1886, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 261–62.

  210 “The girls of the nobility”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, September 25, 1885, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 219–22.

  210 “I wonder if these human dolls”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, October 20, 1885, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 224–26.

  210 “It is far from easy work”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, October 20, 1886, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 266.

  211 In addition to Japanese: Miki Yamaguchi, “The Education of Peeresses in Japan,” Far East, January 20, 1898, 408.

  211 Most of the students arrived: Barbara Rose, Tsuda Umeko and Women’s Education in Japan (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1992), 71.

  211 “You know, she has”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, July 20, 1887, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 292–94.

  211 “Your letter with its unexpectedly”: Alice Bacon to Ume Tsuda, October 12, 1887, TCA, II-3-4 (1).

  212 “It costs so much more”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, September 5, 1887, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 297–98.

  212 “Alice has been very busy”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, September 9, 1888, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 316–17.

  213 “a dear little sweet-faced widow”: Alice Mabel Bacon, A Japanese Interior (Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, 1894), 5.

  213 “He will insist on following”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, September 9, 1888, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 316–17.

  213 “The dog is an attendant”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, September 18, 1888, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 317–18.

  213 “Apparently, a foreign lady”: Bacon, Japanese Interior, 3–4.

  214 “Their lives are more or less”: Ibid., 10.

  214 “Universal History”: Ibid., 13.

  214 “I have just learned”: Ibid., 15.

  215 General Oyama protested merrily: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, February 19, 1886, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 240–42.

  215 she was bending over a steam inhaler: Akiko Kuno, Unexpected Destinations: The Poignant Story of Japan’s First Vassar Graduate, trans. Kirsten McIvor (New York: Kodansha International, 1993), 168.

  215 one paper even hinted: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, August 27, 1887, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 296–97; Kuno, Unexpected Destinations, 166.

  215 “Sutematsu feels very badly”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, May 2, 1887, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 285–86.

  215 “Japan has not quite”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, December 7, 1887, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 304–5.

  215 “Would that I could go about”: Sutematsu Oyama to Elizabeth Howe, 1886 SYOP, Box 1, Folder 8, VSC.

  216 Little Takashi “regards me with great favor”: Bacon, Japanese Interior, 81–82.

  216 “most rare of all”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, December 6, 1888, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 321.

  216 it tasted like home: Bacon, Japanese Interior, 82–83.

  216 “He did not look to me”: Ibid., 50–51.

  217 “It was a funny sight”: Ibid., 88.

  217 “lest a particle of dust”: Ibid.

  218 “The one thing that strikes one”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, January 5, 1889, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 325–26.

  218 “As girls take more interest”: Bacon, Japanese Interior, 89–90.

  219 “The procession was the finest”: Ibid., 134.

  219 “With the greatest pride”: Ibid., 145.

  220 “It seems so terrible”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, February 15, 1889, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 326–28.

  220 the imperial accessories: Bacon, Japanese Interior, 189–92.

  221 “The girls rose in their places”: Ibid., 193–94.

  221 “At last there was a rustle”: Ibid., 194–95.

  221 “rather loaded down”: Ibid., 195.

  221 “feeling quite light hearted”: Ibid.

  221 “As I was following”: Ibid., 197.

  222 Then it was Alice’s turn: Ibid., 197–98.

  222 “I was very glad”: Ibid., 199.

  222 Her students brought farewell gifts: Ibid., 232.

  222 “Here, nobody ever makes a noise”: Ibid., 224–25.

  223 “not at all like the sheepskins”: Ibid., 234.

  223 “my back fairly ached”: Ibid., 236.

  223 “Even a diamond”: Julia Meech-Pekarik, The World of the Meiji Print: Impressions of a New Civilization (New York: Weatherhill, 1986), 119.

  223 “Lose no time”: Meech-Pekarik, World of the Meiji Print, 119–20.

  223 “Somehow I always feel sorry”: Bacon, Japanese Interior, 237.

  224 “The word ‘civilization’”: Ibid., 228.

  224 “Miss A. Bacon”: “Passengers: Departed,” Japan Weekly Mail, September 28, 1889.

  13: ADVANCES AND RETREATS

  225 “My dear Mrs. Lanman”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, August 1889, in Yoshiko Furuki, ed., The Attic Letters: Ume Tsuda’s Correspondence to Her American Mother (New York: Weatherhill, 1991), 332–33.

  225 “I often wish I had had”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, May 6, 1886, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 248–50.

  226 catalogs from Smith College: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, July 10, 1888 and August 5, 1888, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 314, 315–16.

  227 “Mrs. Morris may be very kind”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, March 9, 1889, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 328–29.

  227 “Won’t it be splendid!”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, May 26, 1889, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 331.

  227 “You can not imagine”: Ume Tsuda to Adeline Lanman, June 13, 1889, in Furuki, Attic Letters, 331–32.

  227 “Our failures only marry”: Barbara Rose, Tsuda Umeko and Women’s Education in Japan (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1992), 82.

  228 “Miss Tsuda was guest of honor”: Anna C. Hartshorne, “The Years of Preparation: A Memory of Miss Tsuda,” in Ume Tsuda, The Writings of Umeko Tsuda [Tsuda Umeko monjo] (Kodaira, Japan: Tsuda College, 1984), 513.

  228 “Like a princess”: Rose, Tsuda Umeko, 84.

  228 Here was a chance to prove: Ibid., 94.

  228 “I have today handed over”: Alice Bacon to Ume Tsuda, September 26, 1890, TCA, II-3-4 (2).

  229 “Better laws, broader education”: Alice Mabel Bacon, Japanese Girls and Women, rev. ed. (Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, 1902), 115.

  229 “in the name of our ch
ildhood’s friendship”: Ibid., viii.

  229 “She does not evade”: “New Publications,” New-York Times, August 17, 1891.

  229 “This is the glory”: “The Imperial Rescript on Education,” Children and Youth in History, Item 136, 1996–2014, http://chnm.gmu.edu/cyh/primary-sources/136.

  230 “I do not think it is so compromising”: Sutematsu Oyama to Alice Bacon and Ume Tsuda, August 6, 1891, TCA, II-6-1 (3).

  230 “If it will do any good”: Alice Bacon to Ume Tsuda, August 9, 1891, TCA, II-3-4 (4).

  230 “Education and Culture”: Rose, Tsuda Umeko, 89.

  231 “Japanese tea and chopstick supper”: Norfolk (CT) Tower, August 13, 1891.

  231 “Wives must fit themselves”: Ume Tsuda, “The Education of Japanese Women,” in Writings of Umeko Tsuda, 31.

  231 “all together too sympathetic”: Sutematsu Oyama to Alice Bacon and Ume Tsuda, August 6, 1891, TCA, II-6-1 (3).

  232 “Are you horrified?”: Sutematsu Oyama to Anne Southworth Wyman, May 30, 1893, SYOP, Box 1, Folder 8, VSC.

  232 “Advisor on Westernization”: Akiko Kuno, Unexpected Destinations: The Poignant Story of Japan’s First Vassar Graduate, trans. Kirsten McIvor (New York: Kodansha International, 1993), 178.

  232 “I have no patience with her”: Sutematsu Oyama to Alice Bacon and Ume Tsuda, August 6, 1891, TCA, II-6-1 (3).

  233 “deep thinker”: Sutematsu Yamakawa to Alice Bacon, March 8, 1884, SYOP, Box 1, Folder 5, VSC.

  233 “What do you think the girls”: Sutematsu Oyama to Alice Bacon and Ume Tsuda, August 6, 1891, TCA, II-6-1 (3).

  233 “for their mother was too wise”: Marian P. Whitney, “Stematz Yamakowa, Princess Oyama,” Vassar Quarterly, July 1919, 270.

  233 He arrived at the Oyamas’: Kuno, Unexpected Destinations, 180.

  234 “an intelligent, apt and diligent student”: Yoshiko Furuki, The White Plum, a Biography of Ume Tsuda: Pioneer in the Higher Education of Japanese Women (New York: Weatherhill, 1991), 86.

  234 “I don’t believe Miss Thomas”: Furuki, White Plum, 85.

  234 “Feeling as I do”: “Questions to Specialists,” Japan Weekly Mail, July 22, 1893.

  235 “I am afraid it is a fault”: Alice Bacon to Ume Tsuda, October 19, 1892, TCA, II-3-4 (6).

  235 “I am sorry that you find the gap widen”: Ibid.