Walter Isaacson Great Innovators e-book boxed set

by Walter Isaacson

“God does not play dice” quote of, 4, 326, 335, 392, 515, 538, 549, 609n

  as grandfather, 443, 444

  grief experienced by, 84–85, 277, 417–19, 441–42, 518

  gyroscope improvement by, 304

  hand injured by, 35

  at Havel River villa, 341–42, 357–58

  heart inflammation of, 363

  Herbert Spencer Lecture given by, 419, 591n

  hiking trips of, 24, 42, 46, 80–81, 181–82, 203, 209, 210, 217, 225, 229

  in Hollywood, 263, 268, 372–73, 374

  honorary degrees awarded to, 154–55, 352, 505

  ill health of, 13, 35, 217, 233, 234, 238, 255, 291, 342, 363, 516–17, 519, 536, 541–42, 548

  immigration visa of, 399–401, 437, 477, 479

  individual freedom supported by, 433, 445–47, 478–80, 503–7, 524–34, 537, 550, 637n

  at Institute for Advanced Study, 298, 395–98, 402, 405, 410, 411–12, 425–26, 428, 431–32, 436, 438, 439, 442–43, 450, 453, 464, 466, 468–69, 480, 508–9, 514–15, 532, 536, 537, 541, 622n

  intellectual development of, 1–2, 8–9, 12, 78–84

  as internationalist, 205–9, 240, 282, 291, 301, 302, 305, 378, 381–82, 386, 479, 482–83, 487–500, 541, 601n, 631n

  interviews with, 266, 342, 385–87, 420–21, 423, 428–29, 440–41, 450, 469–70

  inventions of, 143–44, 161, 304, 435, 471

  Israeli presidency offered to, 520–23

  in Japan, 306–7, 309, 310, 315, 339, 393

  Jewish background of, 3, 9–10, 11, 15, 16, 18, 20–21, 29–30, 43, 52, 61, 142, 149, 152, 163–64, 177, 183, 207, 243, 263, 269–71, 273, 281–308, 311–12, 315, 342, 359, 381, 385, 403–10, 412–14, 420, 427, 428–30, 444–45, 447, 505–6, 520–23, 541, 543, 567n

  Jewish refugees aided by, 429–30, 445

  in Kiel, Germany, 304, 305

  Kyoto address of, 116

  at Lake Como, 63–64

  at Le Coq sur Mer, Belgium, 410–22

  lectures given by, 150–52, 159–60, 168–71, 175–76, 179, 203, 212, 214–15, 218, 219–20, 223, 228, 232, 239, 272, 295, 296, 297, 298, 306–7, 318–20, 321, 350–53, 361–62, 396–97, 469

  in Leiden, 164–66, 168, 318–20, 360–61

  in London, 279, 301

  as loner, 12, 15, 24, 35–36, 38, 52, 137, 211, 357–60, 363, 423–24, 431–32, 435–36, 442–43, 551

  love life of, 27, 28, 40–47, 153–54, 243, 275, 360–64, 437, 441–42, 502–4, 517, 535, 538, 540, 546–47

  magazine and newspaper articles by, 267, 281, 285–88, 377, 445, 489–90, 497–98

  manifestos signed by, 207, 539, 541

  McCarthyism opposed by, 480, 500, 524–34, 537, 550

  in Melchtal, Switzerland, 50–51, 53, 54

  Mercer Street home of, 425, 437–43, 445, 483, 509, 515, 518, 530, 532, 540–41, 639n

  in Milan, 45, 58–63

  militarism opposed by, 4, 205–9, 240, 275, 371, 373, 375, 381–83, 414–17, 419–20, 488, 494, 498–99, 520

  as military consultant, 481–82

  military service avoided by, 23, 58

  moral principles of, 378–79, 387, 388, 391–93, 541, 549–50, 602n, 618n, 635n

  in Munich, 11–23, 294, 305, 483

  music system as gift to, 519, 536

  nationalism opposed by, 4, 205–9, 240, 282, 291, 301, 302, 305, 378, 381–82, 386, 479, 482–83, 487–491, 601n

  nervous strain of, 184, 217–18, 255

  newspaper advertisement placed by, 76, 79

  Newton admired by, 248, 301, 360, 423, 438

  Newton compared with, 5, 6, 90–91, 93, 312, 333, 352, 544, 549, 581n

  in New York City, 281, 292–95, 369–71, 375–76, 402, 443

  Nobel Prize awarded to, 3, 60, 101, 235, 236, 243, 280, 309–16, 337, 387, 490, 516, 606n, 607n

  as nonconformist, 4, 7, 15, 20–22, 35–36, 38–39, 49, 52–53, 67, 74–75, 76, 85–86, 158, 159, 182, 248, 271–72, 305, 317, 347–48, 463, 523, 527, 550

  nuclear weapons opposed by, 482–84, 487–95, 539, 541, 631n–32n

  offices of, 166, 298, 426, 438, 508–9

  at Old Lyme, Conn, cottage, 436

  ordinance capabilities analyzed by, 481–82

  organizations joined by, 207–8, 305–6, 399, 400, 445–46, 490–91, 500, 501, n–34n

  at Oxford University, 350–53, 361–62, 396–97, 410, 412, 418–20, 422–24, 431, 432, 549, 591n

  as pacifist, 4, 23, 58, 205–9, 212, 302, 305, 371, 373, 374–78, 381–83, 396, 399–401, 402, 403, 404–5, 414–17, 421, 483, 490, 498–99, 501, 521, 633n

  in Palestine, 306, 307–8

  in Panama, 371–72

  papers of, 75n, 86, 136, 404, 433–34, 633n, 639n

  in Paris, 309, 311

  as patent examiner, 1, 3, 36, 62–63, 72, 74, 76, 77–79, 84, 85–86, 89, 90, 92–93, 113, 122, 126, 128, 137–38, 140, 141, 142–43, 149, 150, 151, 154–55, 159, 250, 255, 266, 424, 444, 517, 551

  patents awarded to, 304, 435, 471

  in Pavia, Italy, 23–25

  at Peconic, N.Y. cottage, 472

  personal enemies of, 207, 285–87, 304, 314–15, 405–10

  personality of, 2–3, 4, 12–15, 21, 27–28, 34, 38, 39, 41, 46, 49, 50–51, 54–55, 84–85, 142, 150–51, 154, 161–62, 166–67, 173, 208, 211–12, 214, 247–48, 268–69, 273–77, 280, 285–89, 357–63, 364, 417–19, 441–43, 509, 518–20, 549–50, 566n, 635n

  personal problems avoided by, 154, 166–67, 174–75, 183, 184–86, 187, 188, 208, 215–16, 224, 225, 231, 232–33, 234, 239, 273–77, 441–42

  pets owned by, 438, 535–36

  philosophy studied by, 20, 52–53, 79–84, 113, 164, 166, 238, 334–35, 387, 388–89, 391, 460–61, 518, 627n

  photographs of, ix, 8, 50, 90, 178, 225, 249, 263, 269, 281, 287, 293, 309, 336, 369, 371, 374, 394, 418–19, 436, 443, 471, 487, 493–94, 508, 524

  physical appearance of, 2, 5, 27–28, 39, 79–80, 142, 150, 159, 182, 347, 426, 447, 518, 530

  piano played by, 519

  in Pittsburgh, 469

  Planck medal awarded to, 348

  as plumbers’ union honorary member, 533–34

  political views of, 4, 38–39, 58, 159, 205–9, 239–42, 274, 287, 373, 375, 378–83, 385, 399–401, 420–21, 438, 444–47, 477–80, 487–507, 508, 523, 524–34, 539, 541, 550, n–34n

  portraits of, 362–63, 436

  as Prague University professor, 162–68, 173, 175–77, 192, 421, 482

  press coverage of, 136, 153, 263–66, 269–71, 273, 277–78, 285–87, 288, 289–301, 304, 339–44, 355, 357, 358, 363, 369, 370, 371, 377, 378, 390, 398, 399–400, 401, 406, 411–12, 413, 414, 416, 420–21, 422, 423, 425–26, 428–30, 436, 440–41, 450, 451, 459, 467, 468, 469–70, 479, 485, 487, 491, 499–500, 513, 517, 521, 525–26, 528, 545, 615n, 622n, 624n, 63ln

  as Princeton resident, 425–27, 431–32, 437–41, 444–45

  privatdozent appointment of, 144–53

  public addresses by, 116, 166, 168–71, 172, 232–33, 242, 282–83, 290, 295, 296, 297, 306–7, 315–16, 318, 368, 371, 373, 374–75, 376, 390–91, 396, 401–5, 423–24, 445, 461–62, 491, 541, 543

  racism opposed by, 378, 380, 381, 445, 505, 520, 531

  radio broadcasts of, 372, 402, 479, 506–7, 527, 541

  religious convictions of, 15, 16, 20–21, 29–30, 56, 163–64, 167–68, 182, 243, 282–83, 372, 384–93, 462, 536, 548, 550–51, 587n

  Royal Albert Hall speech of, 423–24

  sailboats owned by, 360, 435, 472, 479

  sailing as pastime of, 38, 246, 304, 317, 358, 360, 361, 362, 373, 387, 405, 435–36, 437, 472, 479, 502–3

  salary of, 186, 235n, 397, 403

  in Salzburg, 321

  at Saranac Lake cottage, 441, 485, 487

  in Sarasota, Fla., 517, 519

  in Schaffhausen, Germany, 72–73, 75

  security clearance for, 399–401, 420, 477–78, 480, 481–84, 500–503, 629n

  at Sellin sea resort, 210


  sense of humor of, 27, 28, 46, 230–31, 385, 438, 518, 519, 540–41

  seventy-fifth birthday of, 535, 536

  seventy-sixth birthday of, 540

  in Singapore, 306

  sixtieth birthday of, 468, 469–70

  smoking by, 44, 142, 168, 181, 274, 292, 298, 402, 446

  socialist ideals of, 4, 38–39, 205, 239–42, 373, 375, 378–81, 399–401, 420, 499, 504–5, 633n

  socks not worn by, 427, 447, 523

  Soviet Union as viewed by, 379–80, 420–21, 446–47, 478, 489–90, 494–503, 504, 524–25, 526, 633n

  statues of, 296, 370, 604n

  stomach problems of, 217, 233, 234, 238, 255, 291, 342, 516–17, 536

  stubbornness of, 144, 211–12, 214, 259–60, 316, 347–48, 364, 509, 538–39, 550, 635n students of, 150, 159–62, 211

  study of, 211–12, 247–48, 249, 360, 386, 438, 440, 443, 446, 544 as substitute teacher, 63, 65, 149

  Swabian background of, 9–10, 27, 34, 53n, 63

  Swiss citizenship of, 29, 32, 55, 56, 58, 76, 164, 478–79

  telephone owned by, 438, 530

  television appearance of, 501

  travel diaries of, 240, 306, 308, 369, 373, 394, 396

  as tutor, 55, 56, 62, 72–73, 75, 76, 78, 79–80, 206, 439–40 ”2%” speech of, 371, 373, 375

  U.S. as viewed by, 380, 478–80, 500, 524–34, 537, 550

  as U.S. citizen, 59, 437, 478–80, 503–7, 510, 530–31, 543

  as U.S. resident, 168, 298, 424, 425–47

  U.S. visited by, 263, 281, 289–301, 354–55, 368–76, 394, 395–96, 398, 399, 431

  in Venice, 53–54

  in Vienna, 164, 182, 272, 587n

  violin played by, 14, 29, 35, 37–38, 53, 80, 143, 159, 161, 166, 167, 177, 227, 261–62, 272, 292, 296, 306, 403, 415, 418–19, 426–27, 430, 472, 519, 624n

  at Watch Hill, R. I. cottage, 434–36

  will of, 639n

  in Winterhur, Germany, 63, 65, 149

  world government supported by, 209, 301, 479, 487–500, 541, 631n

  as Zionist, 281–84, 289–301, 302–3, 306, 307–8, 376, 381, 409, 412–14, 520–23, 526, 541

  in Zurich, 24, 25–26, 30, 31, 32–49, 54–59, 60, 115, 149–53, 152, 158–63, 167, 175–83, 192, 203, 210–11, 229–30, 234, 239, 246, 276, 301, 364, 367, 410, 418–19

  as Zurich Polytechnic professor, 150–51, 158, 175–83, 192, 203, 239

  as Zurich Polytechnic student, 24, 25–26, 30, 31, 32–49, 54–56, 60, 115

  as Zurich University professor, 150–53, 158–63, 167, 239

  Einstein, Albert, as physicist:

  assistants of, 358, 363, 368, 371, 397, 410, 411, 412, 423, 424, 450, 463–65, 508, 509, 537, 549

  conservative reaction of, 316–21, 333–35, 346, 350–53, 460–70, 514, 538–39

  as cosmologist, 223–24, 248, 249–62, 265–66, 353–56, 372, 442, 510–ll, 613n

  creativity and genius of, 1–2, 3, 4–6, 7, 14–15, 21, 67, 106, 122, 124, 128, 134, 140–42, 149, 156, 163, 176–77, 215, 223–24, 253, 255, 316–18, 320, 333, 336, 350, 351–52, 424, 465, 538–39, 547–51, 570n, 607n–8n

  doctoral dissertation of, 1, 54, 71–72, 92, 101–3, 142–43, 150

  early investigations by, 24–25, 56–58, 67–72

  experimental verification by, 5, 34–35, 47–48, 57, 58, 100–101, 103, 104–5, 106, 116–18, 125, 138, 139, 158, 161, 316–17, 350, 351, 465–66, 549

  habilitation thesis of, 144–45, 149–50

  inductive method of, 116–18, 191, 350–52, 579n–81n

  intuitive approach of, 113–18, 119, 131, 133, 142, 145, 146–47, 155, 197–98, 201–2, 214, 250–51, 259–60, 297–98, 316–18, 333–34, 346, 350–52, 449, 465–68, 538–39, 549–50, 580n–81n

  as mathematician, 3, 16–20, 30–31, 33, 48, 55, 56, 63, 76, 99, 132, 133, 137, 149, 160, 192, 209–10, 216, 222, 235, 338–39, 439–40, 441, 450, 542, 549, 624n

  “miracle year” of (1905), 1–2, 54, 90–106, 140, 317, 550

  papers published by, 1–2, 3, 13, 46, 56–58, 59, 69, 70, 92–106, 117, 122–35, 138–39, 140, 141, 142, 144, 286, 315, 317, 322, 328, 339–44, 350, 351, 442, 571n, 573n, 580n–81n, 608n, 624n;see also specific papers

  as scientific realist, 169, 323–25, 333–35, 349, 350–53, 385, 450–51, 455, 460–65, 538–39, 612n, 627n, 628n, 635n

  skepticism of, 67–72, 78–79, 100, 113, 125, 164, 169, 284, 333–34, 350, 460–61

  as theoretical physicist, 3, 7, 24–25, 32–37, 43, 44, 47–48, 59, 91–93, 99, 104–5, 106, 113, 143, 147–48, 150, 152, 156, 160, 161, 162, 175, 203, 304, 310–11, 312, 314, 316–18, 350–53, 360, 538–39, 607n–8n

  thought experiments (Gedankenexperiment) of, 2, 3–4, 5, 26–27, 78, 79, 114, 121, 122–27, 138, 142, 145–46, 147, 190, 201, 267, 322, 345–46, 348–49, 448–60, 468, 512, 514, 583n

  visual thinking by, 17, 26, 93, 114, 121, 122–27, 142, 549

  work habits of, 24, 38, 142, 159–62, 165, 175–76, 181, 184, 211–12, 247–48, 426, 508–9

  see also quantum mechanics; relativity; unified field theory

  Einstein, Eduard ”Tete”:

  childhood of, 161–62, 177, 181, 182, 209–11, 232

  correspondence of, ix, 276, 307, 365–66

  education of, 365–66

  Einstein’s relationship with, 161–62, 181, 182, 185, 186, 187, 196, 209–11, 228–29, 230, 235, 236–37, 243, 246, 276, 301, 316, 365–67, 417–19, 444, 516, 519, 639n

  ill health of, 174, 181, 183, 184, 233–34, 235

  mental illness of, 365–68, 417–19, 565n

  piano played by, 365, 367

  in sanatoriums, 234, 235, 243, 417–19, 444, 502, 516, 639n

  Einstein, Elsa Lowenthal:

  in Belgium, 410–11

  in Berlin, 172–74, 178, 180–81, 207, 208, 304, 394, 400–401, 411, 619n

  at Caputh cottage, 358–59, 361, 362

  correspondence of, 173, 174, 178, 180–81, 182, 186–87, 198, 210–11, 396, 419, 441–42

  death of, 441–42, 624n

  as Einstein’s cousin, 172, 178, 181, 183

  Einstein’s fame and, 263, 269, 271, 307, 357–58, 369, 374, 375, 386

  Einstein’s marriage to, 182–83, 188, 227–28, 237, 239, 243–48, 277, 292, 304, 360–63, 418, 428, 441–42, 501, 502

  Einstein’s papers recovered by, 433–34

  Einstein’s relationship with, 172–74, 178, 180–83, 186–87, 210, 227–28, 233, 237, 238–39, 243–48, 293, 427

  first marriage of, 172n, 243

  Jewish background of, 433–34

  personality of, 173–74, 182, 247–48, 442

  photographs of, 225, 263, 293

  as Princeton resident, 405, 426, 427, 428–29, 431, 432–33, 437

  as U.S. resident, 424, 434, 437

  U.S. visited by, 292, 293, 354, 395, 396

  Einstein, Evelyn, 365, 517, 546–47

  Einstein, Fanny Koch, 172

  Einstein, Frieda Knecht, 364–65, 443, 546

  Einstein, Hans Albert:

  childhood of, 75n, 88, 137, 143, 161–62, 167, 177, 181, 182, 209–11, 225–26

  as Christian Scientist, 444

  correspondence of, 225, 231–32, 307, 364–65, 516

  Einstein’s death and, 542, 544, 545

  Einstein’s relationship with, 14, 143, 167, 174, 181, 182, 184, 185, 186, 187, 209–11, 215–16, 225–40, 243, 246, 276–77, 301, 316, 364–65, 417, 442, 443–44, 517, 537, 601n, 639n

  engineering career of, 276–77, 443–44, 502, 517, 639n

  financial situation of, 316

  marriage of, 364–65, 443

  personality of, 364–65, 443

  photograph of, 50 piano played by, 227

  scientific ability of, 209–10

  as U.S. resident, 434, 443–44, 502

  Einstein, Hermann, 10–11, 13, 15, 16, 22–23, 31, 32, 39, 51, 52, 53–54, 58–59, 60, 74, 84–85, 91, 143, 172, 187, 302

  Einstein, Use, 172, 207, 228, 243–46, 248, 393, 40
4, 433, 441

  Einstein, Jakob, 11, 17, 22–24, 31, 32, 39, 91, 113, 143, 506

  Einstein, Klaus, 444

  Einstein, Lieserl, 3, 63–67, 72–77, 86–88

  Einstein, Margot, 172, 228, 232, 248, 362, 367–68, 393, 404, 433, 434, 436, 443, 479, 502, 519, 536–37, 639n

  Einstein, Maria ”Maja,” 8, 11, 12, 16, 17, 23, 24, 39, 49, 50, 59, 66, 74, 75, 85, 140, 141, 234, 236–37, 268, 343, 427, 443, 517–18, 636n

  Einstein, Mileva Mari, see Mari, Mileva

  Einstein, Paula, 173

  Einstein, Pauline Koch, 10–11, 14, 15, 16, 23, 39, 40–41, 45, 49, 50–52, 53, 58–59, 66, 74, 85, 162, 172, 183, 187, 230, 259, 277, 441

  Einstein, Picasso: Sf ace, Time, and the Beauty That Causes Havoc (Miller), 280

  Einstein, Roberto, 506

  Einstein, Rudolf, 172

  Einstein Brothers, 32

  Einstein-de Broglie waves, 330

  Einstein in Love (Overbye), 13

  Einstein on Peace (Nathan and Norden, eds.), 633

  Einstein Papers Project, 75n, 86, 136

  Einstein-Russell manifesto, 539, 541

  Einstein’s Clocks, Poincares Maps (Galison), 126, n–70n

  Einstein’s Wife (PRS show), 136

  Einstein tensor, 220

  Eisenhower, Dwight D., 525, 533, 534, 544–45

  electrical charges, 143–44, 161

  electrical conductivity, 68, 70, 127, 165, n–37n

  electrical induction, 115

  electric current (electricity), 25, 46, 68, 91, 110, llln, 115, 323

  electrodynamics, 2, 46, 118, 127–28, 138, 170, 315, n–37n

  electromagnetic field, 7, 13, 19, 24–25, 36–37, 91, 92, 94, 97, 108, 110–11, 114, 134, 141–42, 315–16, 337, 338–41, 344, 466, 512–13

  electromechanical devices, 113, 126, 142–43

  electrons, 68, 94, 96–97, 184, 219, 261, 321–22, 326–27, 330, 331, 332, 346, 466, 583n

  Eliot, T.S., 280

  Elisabeth, Queen of Belgium, 415, 431, 432, 533, 536

  Elon, Amos, 284

  Emergency Committee of Atomic Scientists, 490–91, 500, 501

  empiricism, 164, 350, 352, 612n, 627n

  energy:

  conservation of, 197, 198, 213, 592n

  dark, 356

  kinetic, 43, 67–72, 91, 97, 103–4

  mass converted to, 2, 5, 137–39, 272, 348, 469–70, 485

  molecular, 97

  potential, 584n

  Enlightenment, 277, 279

  entanglement, 454, 455, 458–59

  entropy, 69–70

  Entwurf approach, 198–202, 204, 212, 213–14, 215, 216, 256, 591n, 592n, 594n