Why the Allies Won

by Richard Overy

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  INDEX

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  The page references in this index correspond to the printed edition from which this ebook was created. To find a specific word or phrase from the index, please use the search feature of your ebook reader.

  A4 rocket, 292–5

  Aachen, 151

  Abyssinia see Ethiopia

  Acheson, Dean, 402

  Adam Opel company, 248

  administration see leadership

  agriculture and food: Germany, 245; Lend-Lease, 311; Soviet Union, 223, 229–30, 231; US, 241

  air war: Allied air power, 275–8; eastern front, 93–5, 110, 158, 258, 260–2, 263, 268–70, 396; German loss of air power, 157–9, 260–1, 342, 395–8; and invasion of France (1944), 158–9, 181–3, 192, 196, 199, 202, 206, 207, 209, 210, 211, 218–19, 255–6, 277–8, 395, 396; North Africa, 276–7; and oil supplies, 285, 286–7; role in war’s outcome, 395–8; and sea war, 36–7, 60–1, 68, 69, 70, 71–2, 141, 280–1, 396; Soviet air power, 258, 260–2; US close-support tactics, 276–7; see also bombing campaigns

  aircraft

  Allied bomber production, 133, 138

  British: Lancaster bomber, 138; Swordfish, 37; VLR, 68, 69, 73

  eastern front, 258, 260–2, 263

  fuel supplies, 285, 286–7

  German: Fw-190, 262; He-177, 269; Hs-129, 269; Ju-87, 127; Ju-288, 269; Me-109, 250, 260, 262; Me-110, 136; Me-210, 269; numbers, 263; production, 5–6, 134, 151–2, 245–6, 247, 250, 251, 269–70; quality, 6; Stuka, 260

  Japanese, 273; Zeke/Zero, 40

  production statistics, 407

  Soviet, 93, 260–1; I-15, 260; I-16, 260; Il-2 Sturmovik, 110, 262, 432; La-5, 262, 432; Lagg-3, 262, 432; numbers, 262, 279; Pe-2, 432; production, 220–1, 224, 225, 226–7; quality, 6; Yak-1, 220–1; Yak-9, 262, 432

  tactical importance, 257, 258, 263, 268–70

  US: B-17 Flying Fortress, 140, 255, 276; B-24 Liberator, 240, 255, 276; B-29 Super-Fortress, 153, 276; numbers, 279, 454; P-38 Lightning, 150, 255, 276; P-51 Mustang, 150–1, 276; P-147 Thunderbolt, 150, 151, 211, 255, 276; production, 150–1, 234, 235, 239–42

  Akagi, 49, 50, 51

  El Alamein, Battle of (1942), 20, 271

  Alanbrooke, Viscount: background and war role, 330–2; and Churchill, 327, 329, 330–1; on Eisenhower, 177, 425; and invasion of France (1944), 174, 175, 182, 193, 201, 218; at Teheran (1943), 303, 317, 322

  Albert Hall New Year pageant (1942), 309

  Aleutian Islands, 40, 45, 47

  Alexander, Field Marshal Harold, 329

  Alexei, Metropolitan, 348

  Allies: emergence of coalition, 18; fighting skills, 7; strength of coalition, 344–5, 390–1

  Animal Farm (Orwell), 365

  Anschluss (1938), 13

  Anthony, 165

  Antonov, Alexei, 332–4

  Anvil, Operation (1944), 179, 214

  Ardenne, Baron Manfred von, 291

  Ardennes offensive (1944–45), 216

  Argentina, 20, 75–6

  armour see tanks

  Arnold, General ‘Hap’, 150, 276, 302, 317

  artillery: German, 160, 250; Hedgehog mortars, 62; Japanese, 271, 272; production statistics, 408; Soviet, 109–10, 158, 224, 228; US, 235, 241

  ASDIC, 37

  Astrakhan, 81

  Atlantic, Battle of the, 30–9, 54–63, 64–73, 74, 141, 393, 396

  Atlantic Charter (1941), 32

  Atlantic conference (1941), 30–3

  Atlantic Gap, 58, 65–73, 393

  Atlantic Wall, 187–9

  atomic weapons, 142–3, 154–5, 245, 287–91, 295–7, 364

  Augusta, 31

  Australia: Japanese threat to, 18, 40; as US springboard, 41–2

  Austria: annexation to Germany (1938), 13

  Auto-Union company, 248

  Aviaprom, 225

  Avranches, 211, 212

  Axis: expansion (1938–42), 19

  Azores, 71

  B-Dienst, 57, 65

  Baku, 284

  Balkans, 328

  Barbarossa, Operation (1941–43), 78–122; German brutality, 372–3; German initial successes, 16–17; German public’s attitude, 376; German rout, 117–19; Hitler on reasons for failure, 386; Kursk (1943), 106–17, 113, 260, 262, 263, 270; reasons for, 80, 279, 282–3, 371; reasons for Soviet win, 15–16, 120–2, 246; Soviet losses and recovery, 23–4; Soviet morale, 82–4; St
alin as war leader during, 315–17; Stalingrad (1942–43), 78–104, 94, 393; statistics, 84; strength of German forces, 22–3; see also eastern front

  Bayerlein, General Franz, 255, 256

  Bayeux, 197, 198

  Bedford, Clay, 237

  Belgium, 15, 216

  Belgorod, 118

  Bell, Bishop George, 348

  Berchtesgaden see Berghof

  Berghof, 200, 205, 250, 343

  Bergius, Friedrich, 281–2

  Berle, Adolph, 4

  Berlin: air raids on, 146–7

  Berlin, Isaiah, 325

  Berlin Philharmonic, 343

  Big Inch pipeline, 286

  Big Week bombing attack (1944), 151–2

  Bismarck, 37

  Black Record (Vansittart), 354

  Black Sea coast, 80–1, 84, 118

  Blaicher, Ernst, 423

  Bletchley Park, 38, 108

  Blitz, 132–3

  Blumentritt, General Gunther, 256

  BMW, 162

  Bodyguard, 184–7

  Boer War (1899–1902), 324

  Boeselager, Baron Georg von, 378

  Bohlen, Charles, 319

  Bohr, Niels, 288, 295

  Bolero, Operation (1942), 169

  bomb-sights, 140

  Bomber Command: and D-Day (1944), 181–3, 196, 199; operations over Germany, 131–2, 134–9, 140, 141, 143–7, 152–3, 285; Pathfinders, 139; pre-war strength, 130

  bombing campaigns, Allied, 123–63; 1939, 130–1; 1940–42, 126, 131, 135–41; 1943–45 (Combined Bombing Offensive), 130, 141–53; accuracy, 132, 135, 140–1; achievements, 156–63; area bombing, 137–8; eastern front, 260; effect on German air power, 157–9; effect on morale, 161–2; effect on production, 159–61, 162, 251–2; fighter escorts, 150–1; financial costs, 157; over France, 140–1, 181–3; against German oil supplies, 284–5; over Germany, 24, 131, 133–53, 156, 157–63, 251–2; German defences, 135–6, 143–4, 147, 148, 152, 160; invasion of France (1944), 181–3, 196, 206, 207, 209, 210, 211, 218–19; over Italy, 24, 157; over Japan, 24, 153–5, 157, 161–2; morality of, 129–30, 156, 363–4; reasons for, 127–8; reasons for strategic, 129–30, 134–5; reasons for success, 393; role in war’s outcome, 24–5, 395–6; Stalin’s enthusiasm, 123–5, 158; targets, 128–30; technological aids, 138–9, 140, 143–4, 144–5, 146, 147

  bombing campaigns, Axis, 131, 132–3, 144, 216; rocket programme, German, 291–5

  Bormann, Martin, 75, 386, 387

  Borneo, 279