Why the Allies Won

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Why the Allies Won Page 61

by Richard Overy


  Stalingrad: geography and terrain, 88; pre-war industrial strength, 78; and Russian Civil War (1918–21), 78

  Stalingrad, Battle of (1942–43), 78–104, 94, 393

  Stauffenberg, Colonel Count Claus Schenk von, 378–80

  steel production, 222, 227–8, 232–3

  Steinbock, Operation (1943), 144

  Stern, James, 161

  Stimson, Henry: on air power’s importance, 276; on British and US morale, 172; on German invasion of Soviet Union, 23; and invasion of France (1944), 173, 174; on Roosevelt, 308, 321; and war production, 242, 253

  Submarine Tracking Room, 59, 73

  submarine war, 35–6, 37–8, 54–63, 64–73; anti-submarine weapons, 37, 60–2, 69; maps of merchant losses, 72

  submarine wolf-packs: Dränger, 67–8; PfeW, 66; Raubgraf, 67–8; Stürmer, 67–8

  submarines: German numbers and types, 54–6; production statistics, 408; U-384, 68; U-530, 75; U-653, 67; U-954, 70; U-977, 75–6

  Suez, 16, 18

  Suez Canal, 279

  Sumatra, 279

  supplies see logistics

  Surkov, Alexei, 83

  Sverdlovsk, 226, 228

  Sweden, 20

  Sword beach, 192, 197

  Syria, 20

  Taft, Robert A., 3

  Takagi, Rear-Admiral Takao, 42–3, 370

  Takata, Rear-Admiral, 390

  Tankprom, 225

  tanks

  Allies: numbers, 279

  Czech: TNHP-38, 264

  on eastern front, 112, 114–16, 258–60, 263, 264–5, 279

  German: King Tiger, 267; Mouse, 267; numbers and quality, 258, 263, 264–7, 279; output, 6; Panther, 109, 266–7; Panzer, 264; superiority, 218; Tiger, 109, 266–7

  Italian: M11, 270–1;M13, 270

  Japanese, 271

  production statistics, 408

  Rhinoceros, 209, 210

  Soviet, 6; IS-2, 260; KV-1, 259–60; numbers, 258, 279; production, 224, 225, 226–7, 228; T-34, 109, 228, 259–60; tank armies, 259–60; types, 226

  tactical importance, 257, 258–60, 263, 264–8

  US, 274–5; production, 235

  Taranto, Battle of (1940), 36–7

  technology, 255–99; Allied attitude to sharing, 310; Allied superiority, 6; atomic weapons, 142–3, 154–5, 245, 287–91, 295–7, 364; and bombing campaigns, 138–9, 140, 143–4, 144–5, 146, 147; and eastern front, 6, 258–70; German, 6, 219, 258, 263–70, 275, 278–9, 297–8; German rocket programme, 291–5; and invasion of France (1944), 180–1, 209, 277–9; Italian, 270–1, 275; North Africa, 276–7; oil and substitutes, 279–87; Pacific campaigns, 271–3; and sea war, 37, 60–2, 69; Soviet, 6, 258–63, 279, 298–9; and Stalingrad (1942), 93; US, 272, 273–6, 279; see also radar

  Tedder, Air Marshal Arthur, 181, 182, 217

  Teheran conference (1943), 119, 174–6, 287, 300–3, 317, 322, 326, 328–9

  Theophilites, 349

  Thompson, Dorothy, 304–5

  Tobruk, siege of (1941), 123

  Torch landings (1942), 53–4, 64, 124, 177

  torpedoes: Japanese, 40–1; US, 45

  Torpex explosive, 61

  ‘total war’ concept, 243

  Toyota, 271

  Trenchard, Sir Hugh, 129, 137

  Treschkow, General Henning von, 378

  Tri-partite Pact (1940), 16

  Trade Plot Room, 59, 73

  Triton, 57, 67

  trucks: German production, 275; Japanese, 271; Lend-Lease, 262–3; tactical importance, 258; US production, 235, 275

  Truman, Harry, 154–5, 344, 382, 402

  Tulagi, 42

  Tupolev, Alexander, 127

  Turkey, 20, 328

  Twilight of the Gods (Wagner), 343

  U-boats see submarines

  Udet, Colonel-General Ernst, 127, 268–70

  Ugaki, Admiral Matome, 39–40, 44, 368, 381

  Ukraine, 16, 23, 81, 105, 118, 222

  Ultra see Enigma

  United Nations, 365–6

  United States: air power, 397; atomic research, 295–7; attitude to colonialism, 9; Axis opinions of, 390; British relations, 304–7; car industry, 238–9; economic aid to Allies, 236–7, 262–3, 304, 308, 309, 310, 311–12; effects of war on, 397–8; enters war (1941), 17–18, 39, 305, 357; entrepreneurship, 242; fighting skills, 257; food supplies, 241; Germanophobia, 353; invasion of France (1944), 167–216; isolationism, 233, 304–5, 318; Japanophobia, 362; Lend-Lease, 262–3, 304, 308, 309, 310, 311–12; military expenditure, 233, 234; military technology, 272, 273–6, 279; naval power’s importance, 34–5; New Deal, 233, 236, 319; oil supplies, 286–7; post-war, 402–3, 404–6; propaganda, 360–3, 365; psychological disorders in forces, 361; public attitude to Soviet Union, 353; religion in, 349; reluctance to open Second Front, 123, 124; role in war’s outcome, 397–8; Soviet relations, 304, 307–12; war leadership, 318–23, 333–6; war production, 5, 75, 150–1, 170, 222, 232–42, 253–4, 275, 397, 407–8; and World War I, 335

  United States air force: 1930s strength, 233; bombing Germany, 127–30, 133–4, 139–44, 147–9, 150–3, 285; bombing Japan, 153–5, 157; close-support tactics, 276–7; and invasion of France (1944), 181–3, 196, 199, 255; and Japanese oil transports, 280–1; military technology, 275–6

  United States air force units: 8th air force, 139–44, 147–9, 150–3; 15th air force, 152–3; 20th air force, 154–5; 21st Bomber Command, 154–5

  United States army: 1930s strength, 233; comparative strength, 33; divisional numbering system, 186; slowness of moving, 53; supplies, 257

  United States army units: 1st army, 192, 196, 197–8, 209; 3rd army, 210, 211, 212–13, 213–14, 215; 4th armored division, 211; 5th corps, 198; 7th cavalry brigade, 274; 7th corps, 203; 8th corps, 203, 211; 12th corps, 215; 82nd airborne division, 192; 101st airborne division, 192, 195

  United States navy: Atlantic campaign, 304; comparative strength, 33; funding, 234; and German submarines, 56–7; and naval aviation, 46; Pacific campaigns, 41–53; ships in commission at end of war, 75, 415

  Uralmash, 228

  Urals industrial area, 221–2, 225–8

  Uranus, Operation (1942), 87, 96–7, 99

  Utah beach, 192, 196, 197–8

  V1 rocket, 293–4

  V2 rocket, 292–5

  Vandenburg, Arthur, 319

  Vansittart, Lord Robert, 354

  Vasilevsky, Alexander, 87, 115, 332

  vehicles, motor see motorisation; trucks

  Verlaine, Paul, 191

  Vernon, 183

  Vietnam, 404

  Vishinsky, Andrei, 383

  Volga river, 81, 85, 88, 89, 95

  Volkswagen, 248–9

  Voronezh, 118

  Voronov, Marshal Nikolai, 317

  Voroshilov, Klement, 316

  Voznesensky, Nikolai, 225, 226, 255

  Vvedensky, Father, 347

  Wagner, Richard, 343

  The War in the Air (Wells), 355

  War Production Board, 236

  Warlimont, General Walter, 337

  Wasserfali missile, 295

  The Waste Land (Eliot), 356

  weapons, personal: Japanese, 272

  weapons quality see technology

  Webb, Beatrice, 351

  Webb, Sidney, 351

  Wedemeyer, General Albert, 363, 366

  Wells, H.G., 127, 355

  Werth, Alexander, 83, 102–3

  Werwolf summer base, 81

  Western Air Plans, 130

  Why We Fight documentaries, 363, 365

  Wilde Sau tactics, 144

  Willow Run, 240–1

  Wilson, Woodrow, 320

  Winant, John, 38–9

  Window radar-jamming device, 145, 146

  Winn, Rodger, 59

  Wolfsburg, 248–9

  The Woman in the Moon (film), 292

  World War I (1914–18): Churchill’s role, 25, 31, 126, 324, 328; effect on traditional values, 8; Gallipoli (1915–16), 25, 31, 324; and Germanophobia
, 355; Hitler’s service in, 11–12; manpower and resources, 4; US soldiers’ lack of equipment and experience, 335

  World War II (1939–45): Allied confidence in victory, 366; and of European, 217; as just war, 26–8, 347–85, 398–9; origins, 8–15; overview, 15–20; popular support for, 26–7; scale, 20–1; total casualties, 29

  Yakovlev, Alexander, 220–1

  Yamaguchi, Admiral, 51

  Yamamoto, Admiral Isoroku, 40, 45, 48, 51, 52

  Yamato, 45, 48, 51, 52

  Yaroslavsky, Emelian, 347

  Yefimov (Russian cartoonist), 123

  Yeremenko, General Andrei, 89

  Yonai, Mitsumasa, 51

  Yorktown, 42, 43, 44, 47, 51

  Yoshida, Shigeru, 401

  Yugoslavia, 16, 244

  Zeitzler, General Kurt, 120, 340–1

  Zhukov, General Georgi: and Antonov, 333; background and character, 85–6; and end of European war, 217; and German rout, 118; and invasion of Germany (1945), 344; and Koltso, 100; and Kursk (1943), 104, 107, 111, 115, 116; leadership skills, 316, 332; on reasons for Soviet win, 121; and Stalingrad (1942–43), 85–7, 99

  Zuckerman, Solly, 181

  Zuikaku, 42, 44

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  Version 1.0

  Epub ISBN 9781448112388

  www.randomhouse.co.uk

  Published by Pimlico 2006

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  Copyright © Richard Overy 1995

  Second Edition copyright © Richard Overy 2006

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  This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser

  First published in Great Britain by Jonathan Cape in 1995

  Second Pimlico Edition, fully revised, 2006

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