Why the Allies Won
Page 61
Stalingrad: geography and terrain, 88; pre-war industrial strength, 78; and Russian Civil War (1918–21), 78
Stalingrad, Battle of (1942–43), 78–104, 94, 393
Stauffenberg, Colonel Count Claus Schenk von, 378–80
steel production, 222, 227–8, 232–3
Steinbock, Operation (1943), 144
Stern, James, 161
Stimson, Henry: on air power’s importance, 276; on British and US morale, 172; on German invasion of Soviet Union, 23; and invasion of France (1944), 173, 174; on Roosevelt, 308, 321; and war production, 242, 253
Submarine Tracking Room, 59, 73
submarine war, 35–6, 37–8, 54–63, 64–73; anti-submarine weapons, 37, 60–2, 69; maps of merchant losses, 72
submarine wolf-packs: Dränger, 67–8; PfeW, 66; Raubgraf, 67–8; Stürmer, 67–8
submarines: German numbers and types, 54–6; production statistics, 408; U-384, 68; U-530, 75; U-653, 67; U-954, 70; U-977, 75–6
Suez, 16, 18
Suez Canal, 279
Sumatra, 279
supplies see logistics
Surkov, Alexei, 83
Sverdlovsk, 226, 228
Sweden, 20
Sword beach, 192, 197
Syria, 20
Taft, Robert A., 3
Takagi, Rear-Admiral Takao, 42–3, 370
Takata, Rear-Admiral, 390
Tankprom, 225
tanks
Allies: numbers, 279
Czech: TNHP-38, 264
on eastern front, 112, 114–16, 258–60, 263, 264–5, 279
German: King Tiger, 267; Mouse, 267; numbers and quality, 258, 263, 264–7, 279; output, 6; Panther, 109, 266–7; Panzer, 264; superiority, 218; Tiger, 109, 266–7
Italian: M11, 270–1;M13, 270
Japanese, 271
production statistics, 408
Rhinoceros, 209, 210
Soviet, 6; IS-2, 260; KV-1, 259–60; numbers, 258, 279; production, 224, 225, 226–7, 228; T-34, 109, 228, 259–60; tank armies, 259–60; types, 226
tactical importance, 257, 258–60, 263, 264–8
US, 274–5; production, 235
Taranto, Battle of (1940), 36–7
technology, 255–99; Allied attitude to sharing, 310; Allied superiority, 6; atomic weapons, 142–3, 154–5, 245, 287–91, 295–7, 364; and bombing campaigns, 138–9, 140, 143–4, 144–5, 146, 147; and eastern front, 6, 258–70; German, 6, 219, 258, 263–70, 275, 278–9, 297–8; German rocket programme, 291–5; and invasion of France (1944), 180–1, 209, 277–9; Italian, 270–1, 275; North Africa, 276–7; oil and substitutes, 279–87; Pacific campaigns, 271–3; and sea war, 37, 60–2, 69; Soviet, 6, 258–63, 279, 298–9; and Stalingrad (1942), 93; US, 272, 273–6, 279; see also radar
Tedder, Air Marshal Arthur, 181, 182, 217
Teheran conference (1943), 119, 174–6, 287, 300–3, 317, 322, 326, 328–9
Theophilites, 349
Thompson, Dorothy, 304–5
Tobruk, siege of (1941), 123
Torch landings (1942), 53–4, 64, 124, 177
torpedoes: Japanese, 40–1; US, 45
Torpex explosive, 61
‘total war’ concept, 243
Toyota, 271
Trenchard, Sir Hugh, 129, 137
Treschkow, General Henning von, 378
Tri-partite Pact (1940), 16
Trade Plot Room, 59, 73
Triton, 57, 67
trucks: German production, 275; Japanese, 271; Lend-Lease, 262–3; tactical importance, 258; US production, 235, 275
Truman, Harry, 154–5, 344, 382, 402
Tulagi, 42
Tupolev, Alexander, 127
Turkey, 20, 328
Twilight of the Gods (Wagner), 343
U-boats see submarines
Udet, Colonel-General Ernst, 127, 268–70
Ugaki, Admiral Matome, 39–40, 44, 368, 381
Ukraine, 16, 23, 81, 105, 118, 222
Ultra see Enigma
United Nations, 365–6
United States: air power, 397; atomic research, 295–7; attitude to colonialism, 9; Axis opinions of, 390; British relations, 304–7; car industry, 238–9; economic aid to Allies, 236–7, 262–3, 304, 308, 309, 310, 311–12; effects of war on, 397–8; enters war (1941), 17–18, 39, 305, 357; entrepreneurship, 242; fighting skills, 257; food supplies, 241; Germanophobia, 353; invasion of France (1944), 167–216; isolationism, 233, 304–5, 318; Japanophobia, 362; Lend-Lease, 262–3, 304, 308, 309, 310, 311–12; military expenditure, 233, 234; military technology, 272, 273–6, 279; naval power’s importance, 34–5; New Deal, 233, 236, 319; oil supplies, 286–7; post-war, 402–3, 404–6; propaganda, 360–3, 365; psychological disorders in forces, 361; public attitude to Soviet Union, 353; religion in, 349; reluctance to open Second Front, 123, 124; role in war’s outcome, 397–8; Soviet relations, 304, 307–12; war leadership, 318–23, 333–6; war production, 5, 75, 150–1, 170, 222, 232–42, 253–4, 275, 397, 407–8; and World War I, 335
United States air force: 1930s strength, 233; bombing Germany, 127–30, 133–4, 139–44, 147–9, 150–3, 285; bombing Japan, 153–5, 157; close-support tactics, 276–7; and invasion of France (1944), 181–3, 196, 199, 255; and Japanese oil transports, 280–1; military technology, 275–6
United States air force units: 8th air force, 139–44, 147–9, 150–3; 15th air force, 152–3; 20th air force, 154–5; 21st Bomber Command, 154–5
United States army: 1930s strength, 233; comparative strength, 33; divisional numbering system, 186; slowness of moving, 53; supplies, 257
United States army units: 1st army, 192, 196, 197–8, 209; 3rd army, 210, 211, 212–13, 213–14, 215; 4th armored division, 211; 5th corps, 198; 7th cavalry brigade, 274; 7th corps, 203; 8th corps, 203, 211; 12th corps, 215; 82nd airborne division, 192; 101st airborne division, 192, 195
United States navy: Atlantic campaign, 304; comparative strength, 33; funding, 234; and German submarines, 56–7; and naval aviation, 46; Pacific campaigns, 41–53; ships in commission at end of war, 75, 415
Uralmash, 228
Urals industrial area, 221–2, 225–8
Uranus, Operation (1942), 87, 96–7, 99
Utah beach, 192, 196, 197–8
V1 rocket, 293–4
V2 rocket, 292–5
Vandenburg, Arthur, 319
Vansittart, Lord Robert, 354
Vasilevsky, Alexander, 87, 115, 332
vehicles, motor see motorisation; trucks
Verlaine, Paul, 191
Vernon, 183
Vietnam, 404
Vishinsky, Andrei, 383
Volga river, 81, 85, 88, 89, 95
Volkswagen, 248–9
Voronezh, 118
Voronov, Marshal Nikolai, 317
Voroshilov, Klement, 316
Voznesensky, Nikolai, 225, 226, 255
Vvedensky, Father, 347
Wagner, Richard, 343
The War in the Air (Wells), 355
War Production Board, 236
Warlimont, General Walter, 337
Wasserfali missile, 295
The Waste Land (Eliot), 356
weapons, personal: Japanese, 272
weapons quality see technology
Webb, Beatrice, 351
Webb, Sidney, 351
Wedemeyer, General Albert, 363, 366
Wells, H.G., 127, 355
Werth, Alexander, 83, 102–3
Werwolf summer base, 81
Western Air Plans, 130
Why We Fight documentaries, 363, 365
Wilde Sau tactics, 144
Willow Run, 240–1
Wilson, Woodrow, 320
Winant, John, 38–9
Window radar-jamming device, 145, 146
Winn, Rodger, 59
Wolfsburg, 248–9
The Woman in the Moon (film), 292
World War I (1914–18): Churchill’s role, 25, 31, 126, 324, 328; effect on traditional values, 8; Gallipoli (1915–16), 25, 31, 324; and Germanophobia
, 355; Hitler’s service in, 11–12; manpower and resources, 4; US soldiers’ lack of equipment and experience, 335
World War II (1939–45): Allied confidence in victory, 366; and of European, 217; as just war, 26–8, 347–85, 398–9; origins, 8–15; overview, 15–20; popular support for, 26–7; scale, 20–1; total casualties, 29
Yakovlev, Alexander, 220–1
Yamaguchi, Admiral, 51
Yamamoto, Admiral Isoroku, 40, 45, 48, 51, 52
Yamato, 45, 48, 51, 52
Yaroslavsky, Emelian, 347
Yefimov (Russian cartoonist), 123
Yeremenko, General Andrei, 89
Yonai, Mitsumasa, 51
Yorktown, 42, 43, 44, 47, 51
Yoshida, Shigeru, 401
Yugoslavia, 16, 244
Zeitzler, General Kurt, 120, 340–1
Zhukov, General Georgi: and Antonov, 333; background and character, 85–6; and end of European war, 217; and German rout, 118; and invasion of Germany (1945), 344; and Koltso, 100; and Kursk (1943), 104, 107, 111, 115, 116; leadership skills, 316, 332; on reasons for Soviet win, 121; and Stalingrad (1942–43), 85–7, 99
Zuckerman, Solly, 181
Zuikaku, 42, 44
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