You Play the Girl
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4. Molly Haskell, From Reverence to Rape: The Treatment of Women in the Movies (New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1974), 30.
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5. Linda Seger, When Women Call the Shots: The Developing Power and Influence of Women in Television and Film (New York: Henry Holt & Co., 1996).
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6. Ibid.
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7. “Meta Wilde, 86, Faulkner’s Lover,” New York Times, October 21, 1994, http://www.nytimes.com/1994/10/21/obituaries/meta-wilde-86-faulkner-s-lover.html.
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5. The Eternal Allure of the Basket Case
1. Alex Beam, “The Mad Poets Society,” Atlantic, July 2001, http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2001/07/the-mad-poets-society/302257/.
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2. James Dearden, “Fatal Attraction writer: Why My Stage Version Has a Different Ending,” Guardian, March 9, 2014.
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3. Nancy Jo Sales, “Love in a Cold Climate,” Vanity Fair, November 2011.
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6. The Ingenue Chooses Marriage or Death
1. Julia V. Douthwaite, Exotic Women: Literary Heroines and Cultural Strategies in Ancien Régime France (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1992).
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2. Rebecca Walker, “Becoming the Third Wave,” Ms., January 1992.
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7. Thoroughly Modern Lily
1. Adam Gopnik, “Metamoney,” The New Yorker, November 9, 1998.
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2. Ernest Jones, Lionel Trilling, and Steven Marcus, The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud (New York: Basic Books, 1961).
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3. Sigmund Freud, “Some Psychical Consequences of the Anatomical Distinction Between the Sexes” (1925), index of Sigmund Freud files, accessed August 11, 2016, http://aquestionofexistence.com/Aquestionofexistence/Problems_of_Gender/Entries/2011/8/28_Sigmund_Freud.html.
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9. The Kick-Ass
1. Slavoj Žižek, The Sublime Object of Ideology (London: Verso, 1989).
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10. Surreal Housewives
1. Charlotte Brunsdon, The Feminist, the Housewife, and the Soap Opera (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2000).
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2. Robin J. Ely, Pamela Stone, and Colleen Ammerman, “Rethink What You ‘Know’ about High-Achieving Women,” Harvard Business Review, December 1, 2014, https://hbr.org/2014/12/rethink-what-you-know-about-high-achieving-women.
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11. Real Girls
1. Julie Beck, “Married to a Doll: Why One Man Advocates Synthetic Love,” Atlantic, September 6, 2013, http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/09/married-to-a-doll-why-one-man-advocates-synthetic-love/279361/.
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12. Celebrity Gothic
1. Fred Botting, Gothic (New York: Routledge, 2014).
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2. Jim Rutenberg, “The Gossip Machine, Churning Out Cash,” New York Times, May 21, 2011, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/22/us/22gossip.html?_r=0.
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3. Jonathan L. Fischer, “Shocking! The Proto-TMZ,” T magazine, January 20, 2010, http://tmagazine.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/01/20/shocking-the-proto-tmz/.
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4. Rutenberg, “The Gossip Machine.”
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13. Big Mouth Strikes Again
1. Michel Foucault, Fearless Speech, ed. Joseph Pearson (Los Angeles: Semiotext(e), 2001).
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2. David Denby, “A Fine Romance,” The New Yorker, July 23, 2007.
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3. Ibid.
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14. The Redemptive Journey
1. Jack Zipes, Fairy Tales and the Art of Subversion: The Classical Genre for Children and the Process of Civilization (New York: Wildman, 1983).
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2. Steve Almond, “Eat, Pray, Love, Get Rich, Write a Novel No One Expects,” New York Times Magazine, September 21, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/22/magazine/eat-pray-love-get-rich-write-a-novel-no-one-expects.html.
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3. Zipes, Fairy Tales.
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15. A Modest Proposal for More Backstabbing in Preschool
1. Alison Gopnik, “A Manifesto Against ‘Parenting,’” Wall Street Journal, July 8, 2016, http://www.wsj.com/articles/a-manifesto-against-parenting-1467991745.
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2. Rhaina Cohen, “Who Took Care of Rosie the Riveter’s Kids?,” Atlantic, November 18, 2015, http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2015/11/daycare-world-war-rosie-riveter/415650/.
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3. Sonya Michel, Children’s Interests/Mothers’ Rights: The Shaping of America’s Child Care Policy (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1999); Chris M. Herbst, “Universal Child Care, Maternal Employment, and Children’s Long-Run Outcomes: Evidence from the U.S. Lanham Act of 1940” (PhD diss., Arizona State University, 2013).
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4. Susan J. Douglas and Meredith W. Michaels, The Mommy Myth: The Idealization of Motherhood and How It Has Undermined All Women (New York: Free Press, 2004), 34.
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5. Nancy L. Cohen, “Why America Never Had Universal Child Care,” New Republic, April 23, 2013, https://newrepublic.com/article/113009/child-care-america-was-very-close-universal-day-care.
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6. R. Cohen, “Who Took Care?”
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16. Let It Go
1. Jack Zipes, Fairy Tales and the Art of Subversion: The Classical Genre for Children and the Process of Civilization (New York: Wildman, 1983).
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2. Ibid.
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3. Marina Warner, From the Beast to the Blonde: On Fairy Tales and Their Tellers (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1995).
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4. “Scriptnotes, Ep 128: Frozen with Jennifer Lee—Transcript,” John August, last modified February 1, 2014, http://johnaugust.com/2014/scriptnotes-ep-128-frozen-with-jennifer-lee-transcript.
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17. All the Bad Guys Are Girls
1. Jack Zipes, Fairy Tales and the Art of Subversion: The Classical Genre for Children and the Process of Civilization (New York: Wildman, 1983).
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18. Girls Love Math
1. Benedict Carey, “Father’s Age Is Linked to Risk of Autism and Schizophrenia,” New York Times, August 22, 2012.
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2. Paul Gibney, “The Double Bind Theory: Still Crazy-Making after All These Years,” Psychotherapy in Australia 12, no. 3 (May 2006): 48–50.
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20. Look at Yourself
1. Jenny McPhee, “Cordelia Fine, Neurosexism, and My Mother (Again),” Bookslut, October 2010, http://www.bookslut.com/the_bombshell/2010_10_016690.php.
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21. Phantombusters; or, I Want a Feminist Dance Number
1. Julia Briggs, Virginia Woolf: An Inner Life (Orlando: Harcourt, 2005).
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2. Virginia Woolf, Selected Essays, ed. David Bradshaw (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008).
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3. Ibid.
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4. Ibid.
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5. Briggs, Virginia Woolf.
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6. Ibid.
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Works Consulted
Books/Recommended Reading
Beauvoir, Simone de. The Second Sex. New York: Knopf, 1953.
Brownmiller, Susan. In Our Time: Memoir of a Revolution. New York: Dial Press, 1999.
Brunsdon, Charlotte. Screen Tastes: Soap Opera to Satellite Dishes. London: Routledge, 1997.
Butler, Judith. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge, 2006.
Carroll, Lewis. Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. Illustrated by Alison Jay. New York: Dial Books for Young Readers, 2006.
Coontz, Stephanie. A Strange Stirring: “The Feminine Mystique” and American Women at the
Dawn of the 1960s. New York: Basic Books, 2011.
Crosby, Christina. The Ends of History: Victorians and “the Woman Question.” New York: Routledge, 1990.
de Lauretis, Teresa. Alice Doesn’t: Feminism, Semiotics, Cinema. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1984.
Doane, Mary Ann. The Desire to Desire: The Woman’s Film of the 1940s. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1987.
Douglas, Susan J. Where the Girls Are: Growing Up Female with the Mass Media. New York: Times Books, 1994.
———. Enlightened Sexism: The Seductive Message that Feminism’s Work Is Done. New York: Times Books, 2010.
Friedan, Betty. The Feminine Mystique. New York: Norton, 1963.
Gilbert, Sandra M., and Susan Gubar. The Madwoman in the Attic: The Woman Writer and the Nineteenth-Century Literary Imagination. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1979.
Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. Women and Economics: A Study of the Economic Relation Between Men and Women as a Factor in Social Evolution. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998.
———. The Yellow Wallpaper and Selected Writings. London: Virago, 2009.
Gilman, Charlotte Perkins, and Ann J. Lane. Herland. New York: Pantheon Books, 1979.
Haskell, Molly. From Reverence to Rape: The Treatment of Women in the Movies. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1974.
Heilbrun, Carolyn G. Writing a Woman’s Life. New York: Ballantine, 1989.
Henry, Astrid. Not My Mother’s Sister: Generational Conflict and Third-Wave Feminism. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2004.
Holmes, Su, and Diane Negra. In the Limelight and Under the Microscope: Forms and Functions of Female Celebrity. New York: Continuum, 2011.
hooks, bell. Feminist Theory from Margin to Center. Boston: South End Press, 1984.
Lerner, Gerda. The Creation of Patriarchy. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986.
Levin, Ira. The Stepford Wives: A Novel. New York: Random House, 1972.
Loeb, Lori Anne. Consuming Angels: Advertising and Victorian Women. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.
Mann, William J. Kate: The Woman Who Was Hepburn. New York: Henry Holt & Co., 2006.
Mill, John Stuart. The Subjection of Women. London: Electric Book Co., 2001.
Miller, Nancy K. The Heroine’s Text: Readings in the French and English Novel, 1722–1782. New York: Columbia University Press, 1980.
Millett, Kate. Sexual Politics. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2000.
Ryan, Christopher, and Cacilda Jethá. Sex at Dawn: How We Mate, Why We Stray, and What It Means for Modern Relationships. New York: Harper, 2011.
Schubart, Rikke. Super Bitches and Action Babes: The Female Hero in Popular Cinema, 1970–2006. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 2007.
Seger, Linda. When Women Call the Shots: The Developing Power and Influence of Women in Television and Film. New York: Henry Holt & Co., 1996.
Showalter, Elaine. The Female Malady: Women, Madness, and English Culture, 1830–1980. New York: Pantheon, 1985.
———. Sexual Anarchy: Gender and Culture at the Fin de Siècle. New York: Penguin, 1991.
Warner, Marina. From the Beast to the Blonde: On Fairy Tales and Their Tellers. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1995.
Welter, Barbara. Dimity Convictions: The American Woman in the Nineteenth Century. Athens: Ohio University Press, 1976.
Wollstonecraft, Mary. A Vindication of the Rights of Woman. 2nd ed. Edited by Eileen Hunt Botting. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2014.
Woolf, Virginia. A Room of One’s Own. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1989.
Yalom, Marilyn. A History of the Wife. New York: HarperCollins, 2001.
Zeisler, Andi. Feminism and Pop Culture. Berkeley: Seal Press, 2008.
Zipes, Jack. Fairy Tales and the Art of Subversion: The Classical Genre for Children and the Process of Civilization. New York: Wildman, 1983.
———. The Irresistible Fairy Tale: The Cultural and Social History of a Genre. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2012.
Articles/Chapters
Elliott, Jane. “Stepford U.S.A.: Second-Wave Feminism, Domestic Labor, and the Representation of National Time.” Cultural Critique 70 (2008): 32–62.
Goodlad, Lauren M. E. “The Mad Men in the Attic: Seriality and Identity in the Narrative of Capitalist Globalization.” Modern Language Quarterly 73 no. 2 (June 2012): 201–34.
Salzberg, Ana. “Katharine Hepburn and a Hollywood Story.” In Beyond the Looking Glass: Narcissism and Female Stardom in Studio-Era Hollywood, 35–54. 1st ed. New York: Berghahn Books, 2014.
Studies
“The Status of Women in the U.S. Media 2015.” Women’s Media Center. Accessed November 4, 2016. http://www.womensmediacenter.com/pages/2015-statistics.
Lauzen, Martha. “It’s a Man’s (Celluloid) World: Portrayals of Female Characters in the Top 100 Films of 2015.” Center for the Study of Women in Television & Film. Accessed November 4, 2016. http://womenintvfilm.sdsu.edu/research/.
———. “Boxed In 2015–16: Women On Screen and Behind the Scenes in Television.” Center for the Study of Women in Television & Film. Accessed November 4, 2016. http://womenintvfilm.sdsu.edu/research/.
———. “Thumbs Down 2016: Top Film Critics and Gender.” Center for the Study of Women in Television & Film. Accessed November 4, 2016. http://womenintvfilm.sdsu.edu/research/.
———. “Women in Independent Film, 2015–16.” Center for the Study of Women in Television & Film. Accessed November 4, 2016. http://womenintvfilm.sdsu.edu/research/.
Films/Recommended Viewing (or Not!)
Camille Claudel. Directed by Bruno Nuytten. France: MGM, 1988.
Camille Claudel 1915. Directed by Bruno Dumont. France: 3B Productions, 2013.
Cinderella. Directed by Clyde Geronimi, Wilfred Jackson. Hollywood: Walt Disney Pictures, 1950.
Desperately Seeking Susan. Directed by Susan Seidelman. Hollywood: Orion Pictures, 1985.
Diary of a Mad Housewife. Directed by Frank Perry. Hollywood: Universal Pictures, 1970.
L’Eclisse. Directed by Michelangelo Antonioni. Rome: Cineriz, 1962.
Entre Nous. Directed by Diane Kurys. France: Partner’s Pictures, 1983.
Fast Times at Ridgemont High. Directed by Amy Heckerling. Hollywood: Universal. 1982.
Fatal Attraction. Directed by Adrian Lyne. Hollywood: Paramount Pictures, 1987.
Flashdance. Directed by Adrian Lyne. Hollywood: Paramount Pictures, 1983.
Maleficent. Directed by Robert Stromberg. US/UK: Walt Disney Pictures, 2014.
My Brilliant Career. Directed by Gillian Armstrong. Australia: GUO, 1979.
The Philadelphia Story. Directed by George Cukor. Hollywood: MGM, 1940.
Pretty Baby. Directed by Louis Malle. Hollywood: Paramount, 1978.
Private Benjamin. Directed by Howard Zieff. Hollywood: Warner Bros., 1980.
Snow White. Directed by Clyde Geronimi. Hollywood: Walt Disney Pictures, 1959.
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. Directed by William Cottrell and David Hand. Hollywood: Walt Disney Pictures, 1937.
The Stepford Wives. Directed by Frank Oz. Hollywood: Columbia Pictures, 1975.
The Stepford Wives. Directed by Bryan Forbes. Hollywood: Paramount Pictures, 2004.
The Story of Adele H. Directed by François Truffaut. France: Les Artistes Associés, 1975.
An Unmarried Woman. Directed by Paul Mazursky. Hollywood: Twentieth Century Fox, 1978.
About the Author
CARINA CHOCANO has written for the New York Times Magazine, Elle, Vogue, New York, California Sunday Magazine, GOOD Magazine, and Wired, among others. She has been a film critic at the Los Angeles Times, and a TV critic and staff writer at Entertainment Weekly and Salon. She lives in Los Angeles.
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; Carina Chocano, You Play the Girl