Grigg, John, Nancy Astor: Portrait of a Pioneer (London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1980).
Halifax, Earl of (Edward Frederick Lindley Wood), Fulness of Days (London: Collins, 1957).
Harrison, Rosina, Gentlemen’s Gentlemen: My Friends in Service (London: Arlington Press, 1976).
The Lady’s Maid: My Life in Service (London: Ebury Press, 2011).
Ishiguro, Kazuo, The Remains of the Day (London: Faber & Faber, 2005).
Jarvis, David, ‘Mrs Maggs and Betty: The Conservative Appeal to Women Voters in the 1920s’, Twentieth-Century British History 5:2 (1994): 129–52.
Jones, Thomas, A Diary with Letters, 1931–1950 (London: Oxford University Press, 1954).
Julius, Anthony, Trails of the Diaspora: A History of Anti-Semitism in England (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010).
Kaplan, Justin, When the Astors Owned New York: Blue Bloods and Grand Hotels in a Gilded Age (New York: Plume, 2007).
Lees-Milne, James, Caves of Ice (London: Faber, 1984).
— Diaries, 1942–1945: Ancestral Voices and Prophesying Peace (London: John Murray, 1995).
— People and Places: Country House Donors and the National Trust (London: Murray, 1992).
Lovin, Clifford R., A School for Diplomats: the Paris Peace Conference of 1919 (University Press of America, 1997).
Lyons, Eugene, Assignment in Utopia (London: G. G. Harrap & Co., 1938).
MacMillan, Margaret, Peacemakers: The Paris Peace Conference of 1919 and its attempt to end war (London: John Murray, 2001).
Mandler, Peter, The Fall and Rise of the Stately Home (New Haven; London: Yale University Press, 1997).
Musolf, Karen J., From Plymouth to Parliament: A Rhetorical History of Nancy Astor’s 1919 Campaign (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1999).
Nimocks, Walter, Milner’s Young Men: The ‘Kindergarten’ in Imperial Affairs (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1970).
Orbell, John, ‘Baring, John, second Baron Revelstoke (1863–1929)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn., May 2006).
Overy, Richard, The Bombing War: Europe 1939–1945 (London: Allen Lane, 2013).
Pakenham, Thomas, The Boer War (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1979).
Richardson, Harriet, ed., English Hospitals 1660–1948: A Survey of their Architecture and Design (Swindon: Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England, 1998).
Rose, Norman, The Cliveden Set: Portrait of an Exclusive Fraternity (London: Pimlico, 2001).
Sandbrook, Dominic, Never Had It So Good: A History of Britain from Suez to the Beatles (London: Abacus, 2006).
Schama, Simon, A History of Britain [vol. 3]: The Fate of Empire 1776–2000 (London: The Bodley Head, 2009).
Shotwell, James T., At the Paris Peace Conference (New York: Macmillan, 1937).
Sinclair, David, Dynasty: The Astors and their Times (London: Onslow Books, 1983).
Skidelsky, Robert, John Maynard Keynes: Hopes Betrayed, 1883–1920 (London: Macmillan, 1983).
Stanford, Peter, Bronwen Astor: Her Life and Times (London: HarperCollins, 2000).
Strachey, Barbara, Remarkable Relations: The Story of the Pearsall Smith Family (London: Gollancz, 1980).
Sykes, Christopher, Nancy: The Life of Lady Astor (St Albans: Granada Publishing, 1979).
Thane, Pat, ‘The Impact of Mass Democracy on British Political Culture, 1918–1939’, in Gottlieb, Julie V., and Toye, Richard, eds. The Aftermath of Suffrage: Women, Gender, and Politics in Britain, 1918–1945 (Palgrave Macmillan, 2013).
Trewin, John Courtenay, Portrait of Plymouth (London: Hale, 1973).
Tyack, Geoffrey, ‘Service on the Cliveden Estate between the Wars’, Oral History 5/1 (1977): 63–87.
Wilson, Derek, The Astors, 1763–1992: Landscape with Millionaires (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1993).
PICTURE CREDITS
Fountain of Love, Cliveden, courtesy of Cliveden House Hotel
Cliveden 1668 lawn, courtesy of Cliveden House Hotel
© National Portrait Gallery, Anna Maria Talbot (née Brudenell), Countess of Shrewsbury, Sir Peter Lely, circa 1670, Purchased, 1869, Primary Collection NPG 280
© National Portrait Gallery, George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, Sir Peter Lely, Purchased, 1869, Primary Collection NPG 279
Mary, Duchess of Buckingham, John Michael Wright/Private Collection/Photo © Christie’s Images / Bridgeman Images
Vitruvius Britannicus, RIBA Library Drawings Collection
View of the Villa Aldobrandini from the garden, Alessandro Spechi/Private Collection/The Stapleton Collection/Bridgeman Images
Elizabeth, Countess of Orkney, Sir Godfrey Kneller, Honolulu Academy of Arts, in James Crathorne, Cliveden: The Place and the People (London: Collins & Brown, 1995)
Charles Talbot, 12th Earl and 1st Duke of Shrewsbury, K.G. after Sir Godfrey Kneller © National Trust Collections
A Dialogue Between K.W. and Benting. Pamphlet, c. 1695 (Pw A 2715) © University of Nottingham
William III of Great Britain and Ireland, Sir Godfrey Kneller (attr. to)/Scottish National Portrait Gallery, Edinburgh, Scotland/Bridgeman Images
Queen Mary II c.1685, Willem Wissing (studio of)/Kenwood House, London, UK/ © English Heritage Photo Library/Bridgeman Images
Field Marshal George Hamilton (1666–1737) Earl of Orkney, 1724, Martin Maingaud/Private Collection/Roy Miles Fine Paintings/Bridgeman Images
© National Portrait Gallery, Sarah Churchill (née Jenyns (Jennings)), Duchess of Marlborough, after Sir Godfrey Kneller, Bt, circa 1700, Purchased, 1948, Primary Collection NPG 3634
Princess Augusta, Jean-Baptiste van Loo/The Trustees of the Goodwood Collection/Bridgeman Images
CIRCA 1800: Hymen and Cupid From the original picture by Hogarth from The Works of Hogarth published London 1833 (Photo by Universal History Archive/Getty Images) Credit – Universal Images Group/Contributor
Prince Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales (1707–51), Thomas Hudson © National Trust Collections
View of Westminster from Lambeth with a royal barge in the foreground, Samuel Scott (circle of)/Private Collection/Photo © Christie’s Images/Bridgeman Images
Queen Caroline, born Caroline of Ansbach (1683–1737), John Vanderbank/The Trustees of the Goodwood Collection/Bridgeman Images
George II, Thomas Hudson/The Trustees of the Goodwood Collection/Bridgeman Images
The Family of Frederick Prince of Wales, George Knapton, signed and dated 1751, Royal Collection Trust/ © Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2015
Ruins of Cliveden after the fire, Paul Sandby © National Trust Collections
Portrait of Harriet Howard, Duchess of Sutherland, Franz Xavier Winterhalter © National Trust Collections
George Granville Sutherland-Leveson-Gower (1786–1861), 2nd Duke of Sutherland, KG, DCL (after John Partridge), William Corden II © National Trust Collections
© National Portrait Gallery, Queen Victoria, Aaron Edwin Penley, circa 1840, Given by John Steegman, 1959, Primary Collection NPG 4108
The Duchess of Sutherland in her Coronation Robes, Charles Robert Leslie © Wolverhampton Art Gallery
© National Portrait Gallery, Sir Charles Barry, John Prescott Knight, circa 1851, Given by the sitter’s son, Bishop A. Barry, 1900, Primary Collection NPG 1272
Designs for Cliveden House (Cliefden House), Taplow, Buckinghamshire, seat of the Earl of Orkney. Elevations of the north and south fronts
Spring Cottage, courtesy of Cliveden House Hotel
Reproduced by permission of English Heritage © Oxfordshire Archives
Cliefden, the Residence of the Dowager Duchess of Sutherland, visited by the Queen, after Edmund Morison Wimperis/Private Collection/ © Look and Learn/Illustrated Papers Collection/Bridgeman Images
The Duchess of Sutherland’s assembly at Stafford House in honour of Garibaldi, English School (19th century)/Private Collection/ © Look and Learn/Bernard Platman Antiquarian Collection/Bridgeman Images
�
� National Portrait Gallery, William Ewart Gladstone, Sir John Everett Millais, 1st Bt, 1879, Transferred from Tate Gallery, London, UK, 1957, Primary Collection NPG 3637
Nancy Astor (1879–1964) 1906, John Singer Sargent/Cliveden, Buckinghamshire, UK/National Trust Photographic Library/John Hammond/Bridgeman Images
Nurses and patients at the New Brunswick Ward of the Duchess of Connaught’s Canadian Red Cross Hospital at Cliveden (Imperial War Museum Q53611)
Front cover of Chronicles of Cliveden (June 30th 1917) with thanks to the National Library of Australia
November 1919: Nancy Witcher Langhorne, Viscountess Astor (right), with Lady Cynthia Curzon and Mrs Phipps (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images)
An election leaflet from Nancy Astor’s 1919 Campaign © UK Parliamentary Archive
Nancy Astor Giving A Speech During the 1919 Election Campaign © Plymouth City Council (Arts and Heritage)
2nd December 1920: Viscountess Astor (Photo by George C. Beresford/Beresford/Getty Images)
Lady Nancy Astor serving tea to family members at Cliveden (Photo by Hans Wild / The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images)
Lady Astor, Charlie Chaplin, Amy Johnson and George Bernard Shaw (Photo by Time Life Pictures/Mansell/The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images)
1941: Nancy Witcher Astor (Photo by Tunbridge/Tunbridge-Sedgwick Pictorial Press/Getty Images)
Photo by Hans Wild/The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images
Cliveden from the parterre, courtesy of Cliveden House Hotel
INDEX
The page references in this index correspond to the printed edition from which this ebook was created. To find a specific word or phrase from the index, please use the search feature of your ebook reader.
Addison, Joseph, 198
Adelaide, Queen, 250, 256
Adkens, Thomas, 200
Albemarle, Duke of, 37
Aldington, Richard, 382–3
Alfred, King, 156, 160
Anne, Queen, 82, 91, 95, in, 115, 136, 143
becomes Queen, 109
and Robert Harley, 121
smallpox, 85
Anson, George, 263
Apsley, Frances, 83, 84, 90
Apsley, Sir Allen, 83
Archer, Thomas, 113, 133, 273
Argyll, Duchess of, 308
Arne, Thomas, 155, 159, 163, 188
Asquith, H.H., 334, 350
Astor, Bill, 1, 412, 421, 423–4
Profumo Affair, 425–36
Astor, Bronwen, 1
Astor, David, 378, 386, 412, 413, 421, 429, 435
Astor, John Jacob (Jakie), 369, 396, 421, 430
Astor, Michael, 354, 378, 421
Astor, Mrs Caroline Webster Schermerhorn, 335
Astor, Nancy, 1, 3, 4, 323–424
alcohol, 368–9
anti-Semitism, 341, 350, 398
appeasement, 391–401
Bobbie’s disgrace, 384–6
First World War, 323–5
marriages, 336–40
Member of Parliament, 351, 358–73
Second World War, 402–8
Astor, Waldorf, 325, 334, 362, 386, 387, 396, 403, 412
band in Plymouth, 405
Cliveden, 341–2
defeat, 351
dies, 423
Hitler, 388
horses, 346
illness, 409
marriage, 422
meets Nancy, 340
National Trust, 414–17
peerage, 358
Plymouth plan, 410
political career, 350
relationship with Nancy, 407
standing down as MP, 359
suffragettes, 332
Astor, William Waldorf, 1, 317, 343, 357
Astor, Wissie, 379, 380, 381
Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, 3, 155, 157, 161, 163, 170, 172, 179, 180, 183–6, 188, 192, 195, 205, 207
destroys documents, 203–4
dies, 209–10
domestic life, 196–200
dress, 176–8
Earl of Bute, 208
early life, 164–8
first child, 181–2
Frederick’s death, 201–2
Queen Caroline’s death, 189–91
small pox, 193–4
wedding, 173–5
Ayscough, Francis, 197
Baillie, David, 272
Baldwin, Stanley, 391, 392, 393
Balfour, Arthur, 350, 365, 367
Bamfield, Colonel, 22
Barham, Lady, 256
Baring, John, Lord Revelstoke, 339
Barlow, Thomas, Bishop of Lincoln, 76
Barrie, J.M., 349, 360
Barry, Charles, 250, 270, 272–5, 286–9
Bart, Sir William Irby, 192
Bassnet, Mr, 192
Beaverbrook, Lord, 386, 427
Bedford, Duchess of, 264, 280
Bedford, Duke of, 187
Bell, Corporal, 329
Bellingham, John, 67
Belloc, Hilaire, 349–50
Bennet, Henry, Earl of Arlington, 46–7, 51, 58
Bentinck, Hans William, 84, 88, 99
Berri, Duchesse de, 231, 240
Boswell, James, 243
Bottomley, William, 371
Bown, Jane, 430
Boyden, Jimmy, 334
Brand, Bob, 353–6, 381, 388–9, 391–3, 421–22, 435
Bratch, Moses, 70
Braythwaite, Mr, 52
Bridgemann, Charles, 138, 140, 142, 197
Bridges, Captain George Rodney, 69, 74–5
Bridgewater, Duke of, 221
Bright, John, 293
Brooks, David ‘Winkie,’ 388
Brooks, Reggie, 327
Brown, Lancelot ‘Capability,’ 142
Brudenell, Anna Maria, see Talbot, Anna Maria
Brudenell, Lady Anne, 19
Brudenell, Robert, 2nd Earl of Cardigan, 15, 31, 61
Buckmaster, Lord, 370
Burghclere, Lady Winifred, 76
Burn, William, 267
Burney, Fanny, 177
Butler, Samuel, 26, 28
Cadogan, Alec, 391
Cairns, Hugh, 382
Cambridge, Duchess of, 252
Campanini, Barbara, 161
Campbell, Colen, 133
Cannons, Mrs, 182
Carissimi, Giacomo, 68
Carlisle, Lord, 236, 277, 282, 290, 310
Carlos II of Spain, 111
Caroline, Queen, 145, 146, 155, 166, 167, 179, 186, 187, 194
Augusta’s labour, 180–4
dies, 189–90
dress, 177
marriage, 174–5
Cecil, Lord Robert, 356
Celler, Emanual, 420
Chamberlain, Neville, 391, 396
Chambers, William, 209
Chaplin, Charlie, 350
Charles 1, 16, 21, 21–22, 49
and Buckingham, 25
Charles II, 2, 21–27, 34, 51, 59, 71, 84, 89
and Buckingham, 32
dies, 90
and duelling, 11–12
and French cooking, 37–8
and mistresses, 17–19
and music, 68–9
Restoration, 49–50
Charles X, 231, 239–40, 242
Chesterfield, Earl of, 24
Chesterfield, Lord, 186
Chiffinch, William, 18
Chiswell, Sarah, 193
Christian, Edward, 52, 74
Churchill, John, Duke of Marlborough, 95, 118, 123, 131, 135
in battle, 129–30
view of, 124–5
Churchill, Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough, 83, 99, 109–11, 115, 125, 146, 149, 199
Blenheim Palace, 117–18
fall from grace, 119–23, 136
in old age, 190–1
Churchill, Winston, 317, 329, 350, 369, 382, 406
Clanricarde, Lady, 238
Clarendon, Earl of, 27, 46, 47, 52, 58, 306
Clayton, Robert, 52, 53
&
nbsp; Cleaver, Henry, 70
Clerk, Sir John, 111
Clifford, Thomas, 46
Clive, Kitty, 157
Clutton, Henry, 287, 289
Cobden, William, 293
Cobham, Viscount, 138, 141, 156
Cockburn, Claud, 394, 395, 396, 397, 399
Colbert, Charles, 39
Compton, Henry, Bishop of Oxford, 83, 84
Connaught, Duchess of, 324
Conroy, John, 261
Conway, Lord, 59
Cooper, Anthony Ashley, 46
Coote, Lord, 94
Covell, Dr, 89
Coward, Noel, 406
Cowley, Abraham, 25, 49
Cranborne, Viscount, 331
Craven, Earl of, 55
Cromwell, Oliver, 16, 21, 22
Cromwell, Richard, 16, 34
Cross, Friar Nicholas, 39
Crouch, Gilbert, 31
Crowther, Geoffrey, 412
Cumberland, William, Duke of, 166, 195, 201, 205, 207, 209
Cunard, Lady, 338, 392
Cure, George, 197, 199
Daliston, Mrs, 29
Danby, Earl of, see Osborne, Thomas
Dashwood, Sir Francis, 142
Dashwood, Sir John, 415
Davey, George, 216
David, Stanislas, 252
Davy, Miss, 416
Dawson, Geoffrey, 391, 392, 395
Dean, Charles, 434
Defoe, Daniel, 135
Dempster, George, 244
Denning, Lord, 431
Dennison, W, 347
Desaguliers, John Theophilus, 161
Desborough, Lady, 331, 339, 345, 352
Desgots, Claude, 139
Deutscher, Isaac, 412
Devey, George, 287, 289
Devonshire, Duke of, 113, 221, 247
Dickens, Charles, 255
Disraeli, Benjamin, 303, 313
Dodington, George Bubb, 201–2
Dorchester, Marquis of, 28
Dorp, Johan van, 100
Douglas, James, 197
Dover, Lord, 247
Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan, 371
Dryden, John, 44–6, 52, 73
Dugdale, ‘Baffy,’ 400
Dunbar, Viscount, 37
Dunbarton, Lord, 105
Dunluce, Lord, 33
Eastlake, Charles Locke, 272
Eaton, Jasper, 68
Eddy, Mary Baker, 326, 331
Eden, Anthony, 391, 395
Edgecombe, Johnny, 426
Edward VII, 344
Egmont, Earl of, 172, 174, 190, 203
Ellis, George Agar, 223, 249
Elphinstone, Lord, 348
Etherege, George, 32
Evelyn, John, 28, 33, 50, 55
The Mistresses of Cliveden: Three Centuries of Scandal, Power and Intrigue in an English Stately Home Page 50