Fizz

by Tristan Donovan

  By the fall of 2009 … “Alliance School Beverage Guidelines Final Progress Report,” American Beverage Association, March 8, 2010.

  In 1986 Americans bought… Heather Landi, “State of the Industry Report ’07: Bottled Water,” Beverage World, April 15, 2007.

  “We, Pepsi, would push …” Valerie Bauerlein, “PepsiCo Chief Defends her Strategy to Promote ‘Good for You’ Foods,” Wall Street Journal, June 28, 2011, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702303627104576412232408827462.html.

  An examination of the obesity studies … Gail Woodward-Lopez, Janice Kao, and Lorrene Ritchie, “To What Extent Have Sweetened Beverages Contributed to the Obesity Epidemic?,” Public Health Nutrition 14, no. 3 (March 2011).

  Another review of the studies … Lenny R. Vartanian et al., “Effects of Soft Drink Consumption on Nutrition and Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis,” American Journal of Public Health 97, no. 4 (April 2007).

  “Is soda the new tobacco?”… Mark Bittman, “Soda: A Sin We Sip Instead of Smoke?,” New York Times, February 13, 2010, www.nytimes.com/2010/02/14/weekinreview/14bittman.html.

  “All over the United States …” Michael M. Grynbaum, “Bloomberg Plans a Ban on Large Sugared Drinks,” New York Times, May 31, 2012, www.nytimes.com/2012/05/31/nyregion/bloomberg-plans-a-ban-on-large-sugared-drinks.html.

  “This is the biggest step …” New York City Board of Health, “Mayor Bloomberg, Deputy Mayor Gibbs, Health Commissioner Farley and Bruce Ratner Announce Barclays Center Will Voluntarily Adopt Regulations to Limit Size of Sugary Beverages,” news release, September 13, 2012.

  “I can’t say when it will be here …” Candice Choi, “Coke, Pepsi Racing for a Better No-Calorie Soda,” Huffington Post, July 26, 2012, www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/07/26/coke-pepsi-no-calories-soda_n_1705083.html.

  Bibliography

  Books

  Abbott, Elizabeth. Sugar: A Bittersweet History. London: Duckworth Overlook, 2008. Kindle ed.

  Afri-Cola. 80 Jahre Anders Afri-Cola. Stuttgart: Mineralbrunnen Überkingen-Teinach AG, 2011.

  Allen, Frederick. Secret Formula: How Brilliant Marketing and Relentless Salesmanship Made Coca-Cola the Best-Known Product in the World. New York: HarperCollins, 1994.

  Allen, Gary J., and Ken Albala. The Business of Food: Encyclopedia of the Food and Drink Industries. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2007.

  Allen, Ida Bailey. When You Entertain: What to Do, and How. Atlanta: Coca-Cola Company, 1932.

  Appleton, Nancy, and G. N. Jacobs. Killer Colas: The Hard Truth About Soft Drinks. Garden City Park, NY: Square One Publishers, 2011.

  Barr, Robin, and Mark Jephcott. Robert Barr, 1875-2001. Glasgow: A. G. Barr plc, 2001.

  Baumer, Jim. Moxie: Maine in a Bottle. Rockport, ME: Down East, 2011. Kindle ed.

  Best, Gary Dean. The Dollar Decade: Mammon and the Machine in 1920s America. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2003.

  Blair, Pat, Dana Prater, and the Sheridan County Museum. Sheridan. San Francisco: Arcadia Publishing, 2008.

  Blanding, Michael. The Coke Machine: The Dirty Truth Behind the World’s Favorite Soft Drink. New York: Avery, 2011.

  Bordowitz, Hank. Bad Moon Rising: The Unauthorized History of Creedence Clearwater Revival. Chicago: Chicago Review Press, 2007.

  Bowers, Q. David. The Moxie Encyclopedia. Vol. 1, The History. Vestal, NY: Vestal Press, 1986.

  Bridgforth, Dick. Mountain Dew: The History. North Charleston, SC: BookSurge, 2007.

  Brogan, Hugh. The Penguin History of the USA. 2nd ed. London: Penguin Books, 1999.

  Brown, John Hull. Early American Beverages. Rutland, VT: Charles E. Tuttle Company, 1966.

  Cadbury, Deborah. Chocolate Wars: From Cadbury to Kraft: 200 Years of Sweet Success and Bitter Rivalry. London: HarperPress, 2010.

  Capparell, Stephanie. The Real Pepsi Challenge: How One Pioneering Company Broke Color Barriers in 1940s American Business. New York: Wall Street Journal Books, 2007.

  Cardello, Hank, with Doug Garr. Stuffed: An Insider’s Look at Who’s Really Making America Fat. New York: HarperCollins, 2009. Kindle ed.

  Carpenter, Donna Sammons, and Maurice Coyle. What You Can Learn from Pepsi. Boston: New Word City, 2010. iBooks ed.

  Coppin, Clayton A., and Jack C. High. The Politics of Purity: Harvey Washington Wiley and the Origins of Federal Food Policy. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1999.

  Debus, Allen G. The Chemical Philosophy: Paracelsian Science and Medicine in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 2002.

  Dick, Malcolm, ed. Joseph Priestley and Birmingham. Studley, UK: Brewin Books, 2005.

  Dietz, Lawrence. Soda Pop: The History, Advertising, Art and Memorabilia of Soft Drinks in America. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1973.

  Doyle, Arthur Conan. The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. Lewes, UK: Vigo Essential Classics, 2011. iBooks ed.

  Drowne, Kathleen Morgan. Spirits of Defiance: National Prohibition and Jazz Age Literature. Columbus: Ohio State University, 2005.

  Drowne, Kathleen Morgan, and Patrick Huber. The 1920s. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2004.

  Eddy, Walter H. The “Liquid Bite.” Dallas: Dr Pepper Company, 1944.

  Ellis, Harry E. Dr Pepper: King of Beverages. Dallas: Dr Pepper Company, 1979.

  _____. Dr Pepper: King of Beverages Centennial Edition 1885-1985. Dallas: Dr Pepper Company, 1986.

  Emmins, Colin. Soft Drinks: Their Origins and History. Princes Risborough, UK: Shire Publications, 1991.

  Enrico, Roger, and Jesse Kornbluth. The Other Guy Blinked: How Pepsi Won the Cola Wars. London: Bantam, 1986.

  Fisher, George P. Life of Benjamin Silliman, M.D., LL.D. New York: Charles Scribner and Company, 1866.

  Foxcroft, Louise. Calories and Corsets: A History of Dieting Over 2,000 Years. London: Profile Books, 2011.

  Fulton, John F., and Elizabeth H. Thomson. Benjamin Silliman 1779-1864: Pathfinder in American Science. New York: Henry Schuman, 1947.

  Funderburg, Anne Cooper. Chocolate, Strawberry and Vanilla: A History of American Ice Cream. Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green State University Popular Press, 1995.

  _____. Sundae Best: A History of Soda Fountains. Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green State University Popular Press, 2002.

  Gibbs, F. W. Joseph Priestley: Adventurer in Science and Champion of Truth. London: Thomas Nelson and Sons, 1965.

  Greising, David. I’d Like the World to Buy a Coke: The Life and Leadership of Roberto Goizueta. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1998.

  Hardaway, Robert M. No Price Too High: Victimless Crimes and the Ninth Amendment. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2003.

  Hau, Michael. The Cult of Health and Beauty in Germany: A Social History, 1890-1930. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003.

  Hays, Constance L. Pop: Truth and Power at the Coca-Cola Company. London: Hutchinson, 2004. Kindle ed.

  Hine, Thomas. The Total Package: The Evolution and Secret Meanings of Boxes, Bottles, Cans, and Tubes. New York: Little Brown and Company, 1995.

  Hoffmann, Dr. Friedrich. New Experiments and Observations upon Mineral Waters. London: J. Osborn & T. Longman, 1731.

  Holl, John, and Nate Schweber. Indiana Breweries. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2011.

  Hollingworth, J. The Modern Extractor: A Complete Treatise for Making of Extracts, Flavors, Syrups and Sundries. Pittsburgh: The Extractor Co., 1923.

  Isdell, Neville, with David Beasley. Inside Coca-Cola. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2011.

  Ishizu, Dr. R. The Mineral Springs of Japan. Tokyo: Tokyo Imperial Hygienic Laboratory, 1915. http://archive.org/details/mineralspringsof00toky.

  Issacson, Walter. Steve Jobs. London: Little Brown, 2011.

  Jackson, Michael. Moonwalk. London: William Heinemann, 1988.

  Jacobson, Michael F. Liquid Candy: How Soft Drinks Are Harming Americans’ Health. 2nd ed. Washington, D.C.: Center for Science in the Public Interest, 2005.

  Kahn, E.
J., Jr. The Big Drink: An Unofficial History of Coca-Cola. London: Max Reinhardt, 1960.

  Keegan, John. The American Civil War. London: Vintage Books, 2009.

  King, Stephen. Desperation. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1996.

  Knowlton, Calvin H., and Richard P. Penna. Pharmaceutical Care. 2nd ed. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 2003.

  Kroc, Ray, with Robert Anderson. Grinding It Out: The Making of McDonald’s. London: St. Martin’s Paperbacks, 2011.

  Kuisel, Richard F. Seducing the French: The Dilemma of Americanization. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993. http://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft4w10060w.

  Lamb, Robert. Promising the Earth. Abingdon, UK: Routledge, 1996.

  Lears, Jackson. Fables of Abundance: A Cultural History of Advertising in America. New York: Basic Books, 1994.

  Lender, Mark Edward, and James Kirby Martin. Drinking in America: A History. New York: The Free Press, 1987.

  Lerner, Michael A. Dry Manhattan: Prohibition in New York City. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2008.

  Lloyd, John Uri. Life and Medical Discoveries of Samuel Thomson and a History of the Thomsonian Materia Medica. Cincinnati: The Lloyd Library of Botany, Pharmacy and Materia Medica, 1909.

  Louis, J. C., and Harvey Z. Yazijian. Cola Wars. New York: Everest House Publishers, 1980.

  Mack, Walter, with Peter Buckley. No Time Lost: The Autobiography of Walter Mack. New York: Atheneum, 1982.

  Mariani, Angelo. Coca and its Therapeutic Application. 3rd ed. New York: J. N. Jaros, 1896.

  Martin, Milward M. Twelve Full Ounces. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1962.

  Mason, Mark. The Political Economy of Japanese Capital Controls, 1899-1980. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992.

  Mayhew, Henry. Mayhew’s London: Being Selections from “London Labour and the London Poor.” London: Spring Books, 1851.

  McNeil, Legs. Pop Culture: Stories from Pepsi-Cola’s First 100 Years. Singapore: Byron Preiss Multimedia Company, 1998.

  McQueen, Humphrey. The Essence of Capitalism. London: Profile Books, 2001.

  M’Elory, A. A. M’Elory’s Philadelphia Directory. Philadelphia: A. M’Elroy, 1839. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=4sklAAAAMAAJ.

  Mieszkowski, Sylvia, Joy Smith, and Marijke de Valck, eds. Sonic Interventions. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2007.

  Mills, Robert Lockwood, with Harry Maurer. Thomas Elmezzi: The Man Who Kept the Secret. Great Neck, NY: JET Foundation Press, 2004.

  Mishima, Yukio. The Decay of the Angel. London: Vintage Books, 2001. Originally published 1971.

  Moore, Lucy. Anything Goes: A Biography of the Roaring Twenties. London: Atlantic Books, 2008.

  Moritz, Charles P. Travels, Chiefly on Foot, Through Several Parts of England in 1782. London: G.G. and J. Robinson, 1797.

  Morrison, Tom. Root Beer: Advertising and Collectibles. West Chester, PA: Schiffer, 1992.

  Moskos, Peter. Cop in the Hood: My Year Policing Baltimore’s Eastern District. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2009.

  Musto, David F. The American Disease: Origins of Narcotic Control. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.

  Nishizawa, Iwata. Japan in the Taisho Era: In Commemoration of the Enthronement. Tokyo, 1917. http://archive.org/details/japanintaishoera00nishrich.

  Offitzer, Karen. Diners. New York: Metro Books, 1997.

  Oliver, Thomas. The Real Coke, the Real Story. London: Elm Tree Books, 1986.

  Olsen, Kirstin. Daily Life in 18th-Century England. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1999.

  O’Neil, Darcy. Fix the Pumps: The History and Recipes of the Soda Fountain. London, Ontario: Art of Drink, 2009.

  Ozersky, Josh. The Hamburger: A History. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008.

  Peeters, Evert, Leen Van Molle, and Kaat Wils, eds. Beyond Pleasure: Cultures of Modern Asceticism. New York: Berghahn Books, 2011.

  Pendergrast, Mark. For God, Country & Coca-Cola: The Definitive History of the Great American Soft Drink and the Company That Makes It. 3rd ed. New York: Basic Books, 2013. Kindle ed.

  Platt, Jerome J. Cocaine Addiction: Theory, Research and Treatment. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000.

  Potter, Frank N. The Moxie Mystique. Virginia Beach: Donning Company/Publishers, 1981.

  Priestley, Joseph. An Appeal to the Public on the Subject of the Riots in Birmingham. London: J. Thompson, 1791.

  _____. Directions for Impregnating Water with Fixed Air. London: J. Johnson, 1772.

  _____. Experiments and Observations on Different Kinds of Air. 2nd ed. London: J. Johnson, 1775.

  _____. The Importance and Extent of Free Inquiry in Matters of Religion. London: J. Johnson, 1785.

  Reichardt, Eike. Health, “Race” and Empire: Popular-Scientific Spectacles and National Identity in Imperial Germany, 1871-1914. Raleigh, NC: Lulu, 2008

  Richmond, Lesley, Julie Stevenson, and Alison Turton, eds. The Pharmaceutical Industry: A Guide to Historical Records. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate Publishing, 2003.

  Riley, John J. A History of the American Soft Drink Industry: Bottled Carbonated Beverages 1807-1957. New York: Arno Press, 1958.

  Rodengen, Jeffrey L. The Legend of Dr Pepper/Seven-Up. Fort Lauderdale, FL: Write Stuff Syndicate, 1995.

  Rouch, Lawrence L. The Vernor’s Story: From Gnomes to Now. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2003.

  Rowland, Sanders, with Bob Terrell. Papa Coke: Sixty-Five Years Selling Coca-Cola. Asheville, NC: Bright Mountain Books, 1986.

  Rush, Benjamin. Experiments and Observations on the Mineral Waters of Philadelphia, Abington, and Bristol, in the Province of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia: James Humphreys Jr., 1773.

  Schutts, Jeff. “‘Die Erfrischende Pause’: Marketing Coca-Cola in Hitler’s Germany.” In Selling Modernity: Advertising in Twentieth-Century Germany, edited by Pamela E. Swett, S. Jonathan Wiesen, and Jonathan R. Zatlin. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2007. Kindle ed.

  Scott, Robert L. God Is My Co-Pilot. Broomfield, CO: Summa Iru Speciality Publishing, 2011. Kindle ed.

  Sculley, John, with John A. Byrne. Odyssey: Pepsi to Apple. Glasgow: Fontana Paperbacks, 1989.

  Shavin, Norman, and Bruce Galphin. Atlanta: Triumph of a People. Atlanta: Capricorn Corporation, 1982.

  Sherman, William Tecumseh. Memoirs of General W. T. Sherman. New York: Library of America, 1990. Originally published 1886.

  Simmons, Douglas A. Schweppes: The First 200 Years. London: Springwood Books, 1983.

  Sinclair, Charles. Dictionary of Food: International Food and Cooking Terms from A to Z. London: A & C Black, 2005.

  Slavicek, Louise Chipley. The Prohibition Era: Temperance in the United States. New York: InfoBase Publishing, 2008.

  Smith, Andrew F. Encyclopedia of Junk Food and Fast Food. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2006.

  Smith, Andrew F., ed. The Oxford Companion to American Food and Drink. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.

  Smith, Edgar Fahs. Priestley in America, 1794-1804. Philadelphia: P. Blakiston’s & Co., 1920.

  Steel, John H. An Analysis of the Mineral Waters of Saratoga and Ballston. Saratoga Springs, NY: G.M. Davison, 1831.

  Steen, David P., and Philip R. Ashurst, eds. Carbonated Soft Drinks: Formulation and Manufacture. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2006.

  Stoddard, Bob. Pepsi-Cola: 100 Years. Los Angeles: General Publishing Group, 1997.

  Stokes, Henry Scott. The Life and Death of Yukio Mishima. New York: Cooper Square Press, 2000.

  Swiderski, Richard. Poison Eaters: Snakes, Opium, Arsenic, and the Lethal Show. Boca Raton, FL: Universal-Publishers, 2010.

  Takabuki, Matsuo. An Unlikely Revolutionary: Matsuo Takabuki and the Making of Modern Hawai’i: A Memoir. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1998.

  Teed, Peter. Dictionary of Twentieth-Century History, 1914-1990. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.

  Thomas, Mark. Belching Out the Devil: Global Adventures wi
th Coca-Cola. London: Ebury Press, 2008.

  Thomson, Samuel. New Guide to Health, or Botanic Family Physician. London: Simpkin, Marshall & Co., 1849.

  Thorpe, Thomas Edward. Joseph Priestley. London: J.M. Dent & Co, 1906.

  Wang, Jing. Brand New China: Advertising, Media, and Commercial Culture. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2008.

  Weinstein, Jay. “Bottling.” In The Oxford Companion to American Food and Drink, edited by Andrew F. Smith. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.

  Welby, Adlard. A Visit to North America and the English Settlements in Illinois, with a Winter Residence at Philadelphia. London: J. Drury, 1821.

  Wiley, Harvey. The History of a Crime Against the Food Law. New York: Arno Press, 1976. Originally published 1929.

  Wilson, Bee. Swindled: The Dark History of Food Fraud, from Poisoned Candy to Counterfeit Coffee. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2008.

  Wingbermühle, Annika. “A Wee Bit Different: Socio-cultural Influences on Scottish Marketing.” In Cultural Industries: The British Experience in International Perspective, edited by Christiane Eisenberg, Rita Gerlach and Christian Handke. Berlin: Humboldt University, 2006. http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/conferences/culturalindustries/wingbermuehle-annika/PDF/wingbermuehle.pdf.

  Wright, Karen. The Road to Dr Pepper, Texas: The Story of Dublin Dr Pepper. Abilene, TX: State House Press, 2006.

  Young, James Harvey. The Toadstool Millionaires: A Social History of Patent Medicines in America before Federal Regulation. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1961.

  Young, William H., and Nancy K. Young. The Great Depression in America: A Cultural Encyclopedia. Vol. 2. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007.

  Memos and Letters

  Acklin, A. A. Letter to Robert Woodruff, February 6, 1940. Robert Winship Woodruff Papers.

  Adams, Charles W. “PepsiCo Activity in the Soviet Union.” Letter, May 22, 1974. Robert Winship Woodruff Papers.

  Austin, J. Paul. Letter to the directors of the Coca-Cola Company, October 20, 1969. Robert Winship Woodruff Papers.

  _____. Letter to Robert H. Finch, April 14, 1970. Robert Winship Woodruff Papers.

  _____. Letter to Robert Woodruff, September 27, 1971. Robert Winship Woodruff Papers.