Our Magnificent Bastard Tongue

by John Mcwhorter

  and Neo-Whorfianism

  and Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

  and simplification of English

  and Viking influence

  and written vs. spoken language

  generic pronouns

  genetics

  Genghis Khan

  genitive case

  genocide

  German

  and case marking

  and directional adverbs

  and English grammar

  and generic pronouns

  and meaningless do

  and noun cases

  and noun gender

  and orphan words

  and past perfect

  and progressive -ing

  and Proto-Germanic

  and Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

  and verb usage

  and written vs. spoken language

  Germanic family of languages

  comparisons of

  and consonant sounds

  and dialects

  and directional adverbs

  and English variation

  features shed in English

  and meaningless do

  and orphan words

  and past perfect

  and Phoenician influence

  and progressive -ing

  similarities among

  and simplification of English

  subcategories

  variations among

  and verb usage

  Germanic invasions

  Germany

  gerunds. See also progressive construction and progressive ing

  goblo

  going

  Gothic

  grammar

  and causality issues

  and Celtic influence

  and Chinese

  and colonial languages

  and cultural influences

  English and German compared

  and Germanic languages

  and Icelandic

  grammar (continued)

  inconsistencies on

  and language mixing

  and linguistic equilibrium

  myths and misconceptions

  and Neo-Whorfianism

  and Norman influence

  and Old English

  and Phoenician influence

  rules of

  Russian

  and Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

  and scripture vs. writing

  and simplification of English

  and study of languages

  and suffixes

  thought and grammar

  and variation

  and Viking influence

  and vocabulary changes

  and written vs. spoken language

  Greece

  Greek

  and case markers

  and English vocabulary

  grammar conservatism

  influence on Albanian

  and noun cases

  and noun gender

  and progressive -ing

  and Proto-Germanic consonants

  Grimm’s Law

  Gujarati

  Guugu Yimithirr

  H

  habitual verbs

  Hall, Robert

  Hamlet (Shakespeare)

  Hashimoto, Mantaro

  Hawthorne, Nathaniel

  Hebrew

  and Germanic language families

  and grammar inconsistencies

  and meaningless do

  and orphan words

  and Phoenicians

  and Proto-Germanic consonants

  and verb placement

  and verb tense

  Henry , Part , (Shakespeare)

  High German

  Hindi

  historians

  Hittite

  Hopi

  Hungarian

  hunter-gatherers

  hypotheticals

  I

  Icelandic

  and English grammar

  and generic pronouns

  and Germanic languages

  and grammar complexity

  and Proto-Germanic

  and verb usage

  Igbo

  I Love Lucy

  impact

  imperfect tense

  “impersonal” gender

  inconsistencies in language

  India

  indigenous cultures

  Indo-Aryan languages

  Indo-European languages

  and consonant sounds

  Indo-Aryan subfamily

  and noun gender

  and orphan words

  and Phoenician influence

  and Proto-Germanic consonants

  and Russian grammar

  and verb tense

  Indonesian

  Ine of Wessex

  infinitives

  intermarriage

  Iran

  Irish

  Irish Gaelic

  Italian

  J

  Jamaican patois

  Japanese

  external influences

  and future markers

  and grammar

  and meaningless do

  and noun markers

  path to Modern English

  and Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

  Jewish immigrants

  Johnson, Samuel

  Jutes

  K

  Kawesqar tribe

  Kay, Paul

  Kempton, Willett

  Kentish dialect

  Khoisan

  khonsay

  King James Bible

  Koran

  L

  language contact specialty

  language families

  The Language Instinct (Pinker)

  Language Interrupted: Signs of Non-Native Acquisition in Standard Language Grammars (McWhorter)

  language-is-thought study

  Lardil

  Latin

  and Albanian

  and case marking

  and English vocabulary

  as formal language

  grammar of

  and Hittite

  and modern vocabularies

  and noun gender

  and path to Modern English

  and prepositions

  and Proto-Germanic consonants

  and suffixes

  and verb tense

  and vocabulary changes

  and written language

  La Vita Nuova (Dante)

  laws

  learning languages

  Leave Your Language Alone! (Hall)

  -le ending

  Lindisfarne Gospels

  linguistic equilibrium

  linguistics

  literacy

  Lithuanian

  locative case

  Lucy, John A.

  -ly ending

  M

  Macedonian

  MacNeil, Robert

  maiden

  Mainland Scandinavian

  Malawi

  Malay

  Manchus

  Mandarin

  Mandela, Nelson

  mathematical language

  McCrum, Robert

  meaningless do

  and Celtic

  and complexity of English

  and English grammar

  and evolution of English

  and German

  and grammar inconsistencies

  and linguistic equilibrium

  and Old English

  rarity of

  and Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

  spontaneous appearance theory

  Welsh and Cornish influence

  and written vs. spoken language

  memory

  Mercian dialect

  Merman, Ethel

  Middle East

  Middle English

  and case suffixes

  and Celtic influence

  and directional adverbs

  and English grammar

  features shed in English

  and generic pronouns

  and grammar
variations

  and meaningless do

  and past perfect

  and progressive -ing

  and simplification of English

  and verb usage

  and writing vs. scripture

  and writing vs. spoken language

  Minoan civilization

  mistranslation

  mitochondrial DNA

  Modern English

  and American slavery

  and case marking

  and colonial Africa

  and cultural influences

  evolution of

  and generic pronouns

  and grammar variation

  interaction with other languages

  and other Germanic languages

  path from Old English

  and Proto-Germanic

  and random changes

  and Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

  and verb conjugation

  and Viking influence

  and vocabulary changes

  and written vs. spoken language

  Mongolia

  Monnese dialect

  Montagnais

  Morocco

  myths and misconceptions

  N

  Nanai

  Native Americans

  natural gender

  negative statements

  and meaningless do

  in Russian

  Neo-Whorfian School

  Netherlands

  The New Guide of the Conversation in Portuguese and English (Fonseca and Carolino)

  New Guinea

  New York Times

  Nigeria

  “noble savage” caricature

  nominative case

  Norman French

  and English writing

  and evolution of English

  invasion of Britain

  and scripture vs. writing

  and simplification of English

  and vocabulary changes

  and written vs. spoken language

  Norse

  North Africa

  Northern Middle English

  Northern Subject Rule

  Northumbrian dialect

  Norway

  Norwegian

  and be-perfect

  and English grammar

  and Germanic language families

  grammar

  and progressive -ing

  and Proto-Germanic

  and simplification of English

  tonal qualities

  and Viking influence

  nouns. See also gender

  and case making

  and grammar inconsistencies

  suffixes

  and verb conjugation

  and Viking influence

  nuance in language

  number words

  O

  object pronouns

  Ojibwa

  Old Church Slavonic

  Old English

  and case suffixes

  and Celtic influence

  and cultural influences

  dialects

  and directional adverbs

  and evolution of English

  and generic pronouns

  and grammar

  and linguistic equilibrium

  and meaningless do

  and modern vocabularies

  and orphan words

  and past perfect

  path to Modern English

  and Phoenician influence

  and progressive -ing

  Proto-Germanic traits

  and Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

  “schwa drop,”

  Old English (continued)

  and scripture vs. writing

  and simplification of English

  and suffixes

  and verb usage

  and Viking influence

  and Welsh

  and written vs. spoken language

  Old High German

  Old Irish

  Old Norse

  and Celtic influence

  and English grammar

  and English vocabulary

  and Icelandic

  and Modern English

  and scripture vs. writing

  and simplification of English

  and suffixes

  and Viking influence

  Old Scandinavian

  onsay

  order of words

  orphan words

  P

  Palaung

  paleontology

  participles

  passive voice

  past tense

  patois

  Persian

  “personal” gender

  Philippines

  Phoenician

  Phol

  Picts

  Pinker, Steven

  Pirahã tribe

  placement words

  place names

  plurals

  Pocahontas

  Polish

  popular culture

  Portuguese

  position words

  possessives

  Powhatan

  prefixes

  prepositions

  present tense

  printing press

  progressive construction and progressive ing

  and Celtic

  and English grammar

  and evolution of English

  and grammar inconsistencies

  and linguistic equilibrium

  origin of

  and stative verbs

  and tense-marking

  traditional explanations

  Welsh and Cornish influence

  pronouns

  and culture

  and gender

  generic

  in Germanic languages

  and grammar inconsistency

  and Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

  Shakespearean usage

  and verb conjugation

  Proto-Germanic

  and Celtic influence

  and consonant sounds

  and English grammar

  and English variation

  external influences

  features shed in English

  and Germanic vocabularies

  and grammar complexity

  and Icelandic

  and Modern English

  and noun gender

  and Old English

  and Old Norse

  and orphan words

  and Phoenician influence

  and progressive -ing

  simplification of

  and verb usage

  Proto-Indo-European

  and consonant sounds

  and Hittite

  and noun cases

  and Old English grammar

  and orphan words

  and Phoenician influence

  and Proto-Germanic consonants

  and verb tense

  and writing

  Proto-Semitic

  psychology

  punch

  Pytheas

  Q

  question sentences

  R

  racism

  Reformation

  religion

  Romance languages. See also specific languages

  Roman culture

  Romanian

  rules of grammar

  Russian

  and case markers

  and cultural differences

  and grammar

  and noun gender

  and orphan words

  and placement words

  and Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

  S

  sailing

  Sanskrit

  Sapir, Edward

  Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

  failure of

  and Modern English example

  and Neo-Whorfians

  ongoing influence

  and politics

  scholarship on

  and tense-marking

  Saxons . See also Anglo-Saxons

  Scandi-land

  Scandinavian

  and English gramma
r

  and Germanic language families

  and Old English

  and simplification of English

  scholarly specialization

  “schwa drop,”

  scientific advance

  Scotland

  Scottish Gaelic

  scribes

  Semitic family of languages

  and grammar inconsistencies

  and orphan words

  and Phoenician influence

  and Proto-Germanic consonants

  and verb tense

  Serbian

  seven

  Shakespeare, William

  and English grammar

  and evolution of English

  and Old English

  and pronoun usage

  and verb usage

  Siberia

  Sicilian Italian

  simplification of English

  and Norman influence

  and Proto-Germanic

  and Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

  and verb second (V) rule

  and Viking influence

  Sir Amadace

  slavery (American)

  Slavic (Slavonic)

  social changes. See also Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

  sociology

  Somalia

  South Africa

  South America

  Southern Middle English

  Spanish

  and gender marking

  and generic pronouns

  and maritime travel

  and meaningless do

  and modern education

  and orphan words

  path to Modern English

  and position words

  spoken variations

  and verb usage

  and written vs. spoken language

  specialization, academic

  speech and spoken language

  Spencer, Jonathan

  split infinitives

  Standard Arabic

  Standard English

  stative verbs

  stops (fricatives)

  The Story of English (MacNeil)

  strong verbs

  subjunctive case

  suffixes

  and Australian Aborigines

  and English grammar

  and evolution of English

  and grammar inconsistencies

  and Icelandic

  and Old English dialects

  Old vs. Middle English

  and Proto Germanic features

  and scripture vs. writing

  and Viking influence

  and word order

  and written vs. spoken language

  Swedish

  and be-perfect

  dialects

  and English grammar

  and generic pronouns

  and Germanic language families

  and meaningless do

  and noun gender

  and past perfect

  and Proto-Germanic

  and Semitic languages

  tonal qualities

  and verb usage

  and Viking influence

  syntax. See grammar

  Syriac

  T

  Tagalog

  Tamil

  technological advance

  Teluga

  tense, grammatical. See also progressive construction and progressive ing

  conditional tense

  and English grammar