The Reenchantment of the World

by Morris Berman

  Second Law of Thermodynamics: States that everything naturally tends toward entropy (qv). It is for this reason that the creation of information, or meaning, is seen as requiring effort.

  Shadow: In Jungian terminology, the repressed and unconscious part of the personality which has to be recognized and integrated by the conscious mind in the process of individuation (qv). More broadly, the shadow is the undeveloped side of any natural pair of character traits. Men typically have a feminine shadow ("anima") and a women a masculine one ("animus"); sadists also possess a streak of masochism; very serious persons have an unexpressed frivolous side, and so on.

  Solve et coagula: Literally, dissolve and coagulate, a phrase summarizing the essence of the alchemical process. This involves reduction to the 'prima materia' (qv) and then gradual fixation into a new pattern.

  Steady state: Homeostasis (qv). The term is also used to refer to any type of nonprofit-oriented economy (e.g., feudalism) that does not expand over time, but only seeks to maintain itself.

  Tacit knowing: Subliminal awareness and comprehension of information, especially information about the particular paradigm (qv) into which a given person is born. This operates on a gestalt and unconscious level, and consists of the ethos (qv) of a culture as well as the eidos. The concept of tacit knowing presupposes that any articulated world view is the result of unconscious factors that are culturally as well as biologically filtered and influenced. See also Gestalt, Principle of incompleteness, Figuration, Analogue knowledge.

  Teleological: Pertaining to purpose, or goal. Aristotelian physics is termed teleological because it argues that objects fall to earth because they seek it as their natural place.

  Teratology: Study of monstrosities, or abnormal formations in the animal and plant kingdoms.

  Theory of Logical types: As formulated by Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell, this theory states that no class of objects, as defined in logic or mathematics, can be a member of itself. As a logical construct, for example, we can form a class consisting of all the elephants that exist in the world. The theory states that this construct is not itself an elephant; it has no trunk, and eats no hay. The essential point of the theory is that there is a fundamental discontinuity between a class and its members.

  Transcendence: see Immanence.

  Trans-contextual: The characteristic of seeing things or situations as having a symbolic as well as a literal dimension. Madness, humor, art, and poetry are all trans-contextual in nature, operating on the level of metaphor or "double take."

  Transform: In cybernetic theory, a change in the structure or composition of information without any corresponding alteration in meaning. Cf. Coding.

  Index

  Accademia del Disegno, 49

  Achebe, Chinua, 84

  Achinstein, Peter, 133, 323

  Addiction 166, 242-43;

  and acclimation, 260-63.

  See also Alcoholism; Drug use

  Agricola, Georg, 43, 95-97, 318

  Agrippa von Nettesheim, 63, 67, 94, 313

  Alchemical world view.

  See Hermetic tradition

  Alchemy, 61-105, 314-19, 321;

  and G. Bateson, 272-76;

  and color, 74;

  and Newton, 112-16;

  soteriological, 98-99, 104, 113-14;

  symbolism in, 68-75, 96-97;

  and technology, 90, 95-96

  Alcoholics Anonymous, 238-41, 243, 276, 292-93

  Alcoholism, 7, 166, 292-93, 306, 334

  Alembic, 76, 351

  Alpha-thinking, 133-35, 323

  Analogue knowledge, 216, 230-31, 249-54, 270, 341, 351

  Animism, 58-59, 62-63, 83, 117, 138, 316, 351

  Archaic tradition, 61-68, 271, 275, 351-52;

  and schizophrenia, 123-25, 273.

  See also Hermetic tradition

  Archimedes, 50

  Ariès, Philippe, 159-61, 330-31;

  Centuries of Childhood, 159

  Aristotelian logic, 15, 38, 137-38, 236, 308

  Aristotelian physics, 25, 51-54

  Aristotle, 13, 61-62

  Astrology, 87, 94-95

  Atomism, 21, 29-30, 34, 319, 352

  Bacon, Francis, 14-18, 94, 96;

  New Organon, 14, 15

  Bacon, Roger, 37

  Baconianism, 16-18

  Balinese culture, 159, 209-11, 257, 330, 339

  Balkanization, 281, 297

  Ballistics, 50-52

  Barfield, Owen, 128, 132-34, 139, 313;

  Saving the Appearances, 128

  Barrett, William, 156, 173;

  Ego and Instinct, 156

  Bateson, Gregory, 140-41, 187, 190-91, 195-96, 332, 336, 339, 345;

  and aesthetics, 272-76;

  and alchemy, 272-76;

  and alcoholism, 238-41;

  Balinese studies of, 209-11;

  and cybernetic theory, 237-49, 256, 275;

  Iatmul studies of, 197-209;

  and learning theory, 211-22;

  and schizophrenia, 220-33, 273;

  See also Batesonian holism:

  Double bind;

  Incompleteness, principle of;

  Learning I;

  Learning II;

  Learning III;

  Metacommunication

  works of:

  Mind and Nature: A Necessary Unity, 197;

  Naven, 196;

  Steps to an Ecology of Mind, 187, 235.

  Bateson, William, 191-96, 230, 248, 283-84, 356-37.

  See also Meristic differentiation

  Batesonian holism, 235-65, 273, 283-304;

  and Cartesian world view, 236-37

  Behavioral psychology, 163, 212-14, 215;

  and schizophrenia, 273

  Benedetti, Giovanni, 49

  Benedict, Ruth, 200, 208

  Berg, Peter, 298-99, 344

  Biringuccio, Vannocio, 4,3, 95, 97, 318

  Blake, William, 122-23, 147;

  "Newton," 122

  Bly, Robert, 147, 184-86, 302;

  "I Came Out of the Mother Naked," 184-85

  Boehme, Jacob, 73, 115

  Brown, Norman O., 142, 166, 320

  Cabala, 87, 90-94

  Capital accumulation, 37-38, 44, 46, 104, 114-15

  Capitalism, 46;

  and ego development, 152-53

  Cartesian logic, 18-24, 325, 335, 352;

  and Freud, 167;

  and Polanyi, 147-48;

  and quantum mechanics, 137-38, 141;

  and schizophrenia, 22-23, 34, 273.

  See also Descartes, René

  Cartesian physics, 102

  Castaneda, Carlos, 84, 300, 316, 334

  Character armor, 119-22, 168-70, 322, 331-32

  Child development, 150-54, 158-64, 173-74, 329-31

  Chromosome theory, 192-94, 337

  Chromo-therapy, 183, 336

  Circuitry, 194, 256-57, 258, 275, 352.

  See also Cybernetics

  Coding, 212, 352

  Cognitive dissonance, 130

  Color, 181-83, 335-36, 342;

  and alchemy, 74;

  and Edwin Land, 181-82;

  and Newton, 32-33

  Copernicus, Nikolaus, 43

  Crafts, 42, 47, 77-78, 311;

  and alchemy, 95

  Croll, Oswald, 62-63

  Cultism, 293-95, 347

  Cybernetics, 194, 197, 238-48, 256-57, 275, 285-90, 344, 352

  Dali, Salvador, 86, 185;

  The Persistence of Memory, 89

  Darwinian theory, 191, 197, 258, 337

  Dasmann, Raymond, 298-99

  De Occulta Philosophia,

  See Agrippa von Nettesheim

  De Re Metallica,

  See Agricola, Georg

  Dee, John, 94, 318

  Della Porta, 62, 94

  Delmedigo, Joseph Solomon, 93, 317

  Descartes, René, 11, 14-15, 18-24, 71, 102, 307, 335;

  works of:

  Discourse on Method, 14, 18;
/>   Meditations on First Philosophy, 19-20, 23;

  Principles of Philosophy, 21, 102

  Deutero-learning.

  See Learning II

  Developmentals, 157, 173-76, 352

  Dialectical reason, 352

  Digital knowledge, 216, 254, 270,352.

  See also Analogue knowledge

  Discourse on Method,

  See Descartes, René

  Diversity, ethics, of, 263-65

  Don Quixote (Cervantes), 64, 313

  Double bind, 220, 222-24, 226-50, 274

  Dreams, 314, 339;

  and Descartes, 23-24;

  and Jung, 68-73, 148;

  and Wilhelm Reich, 171

  Drug use, 7-8, 166, 306, 344

  Eckhart, Meister, 78

  Ecology, 143, 189, 278-79, 289-90, 298-99, 348

  Economy:

  Commercial Revolution, 38, 42-44;

  England,

  17th century, 113;

  feudal, 40-41; 47, 310;

  planetary, 279;

  Renaissance, 42-48.

  See also Capital accumulation

  Ego:

  consciousness of, 155;

  crystallization of, 151, 156-58, 164, 328;

  development of, 151-58, 164, 174, 328;

  knowledge of, 140;

  psychology of, 328

  Eidos, 201-2, 338, 353

  Einsteinian physics, 136

  Eliade, Mircea, 45, 78, 334

  Elim (J.S. Delmedigo), 93, 317

  Eliot, T. S., 74

  Eluard, Paul, 147

  English Civil War, 86, 113-14

  English Restoration, 114-15

  Enthusiasm, 113-15;

  attack on, 122-23

  Entropy.

  See Second Law of Thermodynamics

  Epimenides' Paradox, 217-18, 327

  Escher, M.C.:

  Three Worlds, 259

  est, 293-94, 300;

  Werner Erhard and, 293-94, 295

  Ethos, 201-2, 338, 353

  Fact-value distinction, 28, 187-88, 213-14, 233, 319

  False-self system, 6, 22.

  Fascism,

  and the occult, 294-97, 347, 348

  Feedback, 241-43, 247, 353

  Ferenczi, Sŕndor, 128, 141, 175

  Ficino, Marsilio, 94-95, 318

  Figuration, 129-30, 132-34, 353

  First Law of Thermodynamics, 263

  Fludd, Robert, 91, 92-93, 101-2, 318, 319

  Foucault, Michel, 64, 152, 174-75, 311, 313

  Frankfurt School of Social Research, 305, 312

  French Academy of Sciences, 103

  Freud, Sigmund, 141-42, 150-52, 167, 256, 328

  Galilei, Galileo, 24-29, 33, 48-55, 307;

  New Science, 49;

  Two New Sciences, 51, 311

  Galileo (Brecht), 28

  Gassendi, Pierre, 101-3

  Genetics, 191, 192-93, 337

  Gestalt, 54, 129-30, 353

  Giorgio, Francesco, 90

  Gnosticism, 58, 312

  Gödel, Kurt, 145

  Gravity, 25-27, 30-33, 143

  Guilds, 42;

  and alchemy, 95

  Guruism, 291-93, 348

  Haley, Jay, 221-22

  Hanson, Norwood Russell, 129

  Heisenberg, Werner, 137, 325

  Helvetius, 81

  Hermetic tradition, 61-67, 87, 99-103, 114, 116-17, 128, 189, 272, 316, 319;

  and Newton, 108-10, 112;

  and Protestantism, 103-5;

  and schizophrenia, 124, 273

  Hill, Christopher, 105, 113, 123, 276, 303;

  The World Turned Upside Down, 276, 317, 320, 322

  Holt, Luther Emmett, Sr., 162

  Homeorhesis, 287

  Homeostasis, 195, 256-58, 287-88, 353-34

  Homeric tradition, 59-60, 312

  Iatmul culture, 197-208, 338

  Iconic communication, 249-51, 354

  Iliad (Homer), 59

  Immanence, 354

  Incompleteness, principle of, 250-52, 256-57, 355

  Individuation, 67-68, 258, 354

  Industrial Revolution, 10, 34, 189

  Inquisition, 100

  Jaynes, Julian, 296, 302, 312, 348-49

  Jimenez, Luis, Jr.,

  The American Dream, 165

  Judaism, 58-59, 312

  Jung, Carl, 76-77, 256;

  and dreams, 67-73, 148;

  Individual Dream Symbolism in Relation to Alchemy, 73-74.

  See also Shadow, Jungian concept of

  Kant, Immanuel, 142, 295, 322

  Keynes, John Maynard, 108

  Kinesics, 251, 354

  Kraepelin, E., 222-26

  Kuhn, T. S., 177

  Lacan, Jacques, 301

  Laing, R.D., 5-7, 22, 75-76, 80-81, 124, 222-24, 231, 339, 340;

  The Divided Self, 76, 124, 222-24;

  The Politics of Experience, 75

  Land, Edwin, 181-82

  Langer, Susanne, 149, 179, 323

  Language acquisition, 130, 156-57, 252-53, 288, 329-30

  Lapis-Christ parallel, 98, 99, 354

  Laplace, Pierre Simon de, 136-37

  Learning I, 213, 354

  Learning II, 213-15, 229-30, 261, 291, 354

  Learning III, 214, 230, 261, 275-76, 288, 290-97, 300, 354

  Learning process, 131-34;

  in Bateson, 211-17;

  in Polanyi, 175-77

  Lévi-Strauss, Claude, 185, 260, 264, 270

  Liar's Paradox.

  See Epimenides' Paradox

  Madness,

  See Schizophrenia

  Magritte, René, 86, 317;

  The Explanation, 88

  Mahler, Margaret, 151, 153, 157

  Maier, Michael, 74, 100

  Mannheim, Karl, 145, 328

  Mannheim's Paradox

  See Epimenides' Paradox

  Marcuse, Herbert, 3-4, 210, 305

  Materialism, 57, 167, 307

  Maxwell, James Clerk, 191, 194

  Maxima, ethics of, 256, 263-64

  McCulloch, Warren, 287

  Mead, Margaret, 157, 164, 196;

  See also Bateson, Gregory: Balinese studies of

  Mechanism, 3, 102-5, 114- 17, 319;

  and alchemy, 85-87;

  and Descartes, 20-23;

  and Freud, 167

  Medieval world view, 38, 39

  Meditations on First Philosophy

  See Descartes, René

  Merchant, Carolyn, 289, 319, 346

  Meristic differentiation, 193, 346

  Merleau-Ponty, Maurice, 155, 329

  Mersenne, Marin, 101-3, 309, 319

  Metacommunication, 218-20, 221-24, 227, 340, 345, 354

  Metallurgy, 77-80, 95, 316, 318

  Metamerism, 193-94, 354-55

  Mimesis, 61, 131, 134, 167, 172-73, 335, 355

  Mind

  See Batesonian holism

  Mind and Nature: A Necessary Unity

  See Bateson, Gregory: works of

  Mirandola, Pico della, 90

  Modal personality, 168

  Monotheism, 58-59

  Montagu, Ashley, 159, 162, 164, 330

  Montmor Academy, 103

  Morphogenesis, 288

  Natura vexata, 14, 17, 173, 290

  Naven, 197-208, 338

  Needham, Joseph, 138

  Neumann, Erich, 150, 153, 166;

  The Child, 328

  New Organon

  See Bacon, Francis

  Newton, Isaac, 28-33, 86, 107-23, 169, 193, 316-17, 320;

  and alchemy, 112-16;

  and aura catena, 109;

  and character armor, 119-22;

  and enthusiasm, 115-17;

  experiments on color of, 32-33;

  and Hermetic tradition, 108-10, 112;

  portraits of, 118-21;

  works of:

  Opticks, 32-33, 108;

  Principia, 30, 107, 108, 110, 116, 308.

  See also Physics: Newtonianr />
  Nietzsche, Friedrich, 146, 264;

  The Birth of Tragedy, 146

  Nonverbal communication, 216-20, 335

  Numerology, 90-93

  Odyssey (Homer), 59

  Opticks

  See Newton, Isaac

  Optima, ethics of, 256, 263

  Original participation, 83-84

  Ourobouros, 68, 74

  Palmistry, 63

  Parapsychology, 343

  Parsons, Talcott, 133

  Participant observation, 141-43

  Pascal, Blaise, 40, 192

  Pavlov, Ivan, 212-13

  Perry, John, 81

  Personal knowledge, 128, 175

  Philosopher's stone, 67

  Physics:

  Aristotelian, 25, 51-54;

  classical, 156;

  Einsteinian, 136;

  Newtonian, 31-33, 115-16;

  quantum, 128, 136-41, 323-24

  Piaget, Jean, 151, 307

  Pirotechnia

  See Biringuccio, Vannocio

  Pirsig, Robert, 312

  Planetary culture, 277-88, 298-302, 542

  Plato, 13, 59-61, 284, 312, 327;

  Timaeus, 13-14

  Polanyi, Michael, 128-32, 138, 147-48, 175-77

  Positivism, 32-33, 101, 102, 309

  "prima materia" (also "materia prima"), 79, 355

  Primary process, 150-52, 155, 167-72, 177, 219, 355

  Primitive cultures, 135, 159, 164.

  See also Balinese culture; Iatmul culture

  Principia

  See Newton, Isaac: works of

  Principia Mathematica (Russell and Whitehead), 216

  Principles of Philosophy,

  See Descartes, René

  Projectile motion, 51-54, 143

  Protestantism, 97, 99-101, 104-5

  Proto-learning.

  See Learning I

  Psychosis.

  See Schizophrenia

  Ptolemaic universe, 93;

  according to Robert Fludd, 91

  Puritanism, 104-5, 113-14, 116-18

  Quantum mechanics, 128, 136-41, 323-24

  Quarks, 325