The Ascent of Babel: An Exploration of Language, Mind, and Understanding
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Chapter 3: Chinchillas do it too
General reading
Mehler, J., & Dupoux, E. (1994). What infants know: The new cognitive science of early development. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.
Key findings
Eimas, P. D., & Miller, J. L. (1980). Contextual effects in infant speech perception. Science, 209, 1140-1141.
Eimas, P. D., Siqueland, E. R., Jusczyk, P., & Vigorito, J. (1971). Speech perception in infants. Science, 171, 303-306.
Kuhl, P. K., & Miller, J. D. (1975). Speech perception by the chinchilla: Voiced-voiceless distinction in alveolar plosive consonants. Science, 190, 69-72.
Liberman, A. M., Harris, K. S., Hoffman, H. S., & Griffith, B. C. (1957). The discrimination of speech sounds within and across phoneme boundaries. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 54, 358-368.
McGurk, H., & MacDonald, J. (1976). Hearing lips and seeing voices. Nature, 264, 746-748.
Stevens, E. B., Kuhl, P. K., & Padden, D. M. (1988). Macaques show context effects in speech perception. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 84, 577-578.
Summerfield, Q. (1981). Articulatory rate and perceptual constancy in phonetic perception. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 7, 1074-1095.
Werker, J. F. (1989). Becoming a native listener. American Scientist, 77, 54-59.
Other sources
Goodman, J. C., & Nusbaum, H. C. (Eds.) (1994). The development of speech perception. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books.
Miller, J. L. (1987). Rate-dependent processing in speech perception. In A. W. Ellis (Ed.), Progress in the psychology of language. pp. 119-157. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Miller, J. L., & Eimas, P. D. (1983). Studies on the categorization of speech by infants. Cognition, 13, 135-165.
Miller, J. L. & Eimas, P. D. (Eds.) (1995). Handbook of perception and cognition, Vol. 11: Speech, language and communication. New York: Academic Press.
Werker, J. F. (1993). Developmental changes in cross-language speech perception: Implications for cognitive models of speech processing. In G. T. M. Altmann & R. C. Shillcock (Eds.), Cognitive models of speech processing: The second Sperlonga workshop, pp. 57-78. Hove: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Werker, J. F., & Pegg, J. E. (1992). Infant speech perception and phonological acquisition. In C. Ferguson, L. Menn, & C. Stoel- Gammon (Eds.), Phonological development: Models, research and implications, pp. 285-311. Parkton, MD: York Press.
Chapter 4: Words, and what we learn to do with them
General reading
Aitchison, J. (1994). Words in the mind: an introduction to the mental lexicon, (2nd edn). Oxford: Blackwell.
Pinker, S. (1994). The language instinct: The new science of language and mind. London: Allen Lane, The Penguin Press.
Key findings
Bates, E., Dale, P. S., & Thal, D. (1994). Individual differences and their implications for theories of language development. In P. Fletcher & B. MacWhinney (Eds.), The handbook of child language, pp. 96-151. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Curtiss, S. (1977). Genie: A psycholinguistic study of a modern-day `wild child'. London: Academic Press.
Fisher, C., Hall, D. G., Rakowitz, S., & Gleitman, L. (1994). When it is better to receive than to give: Syntactic and conceptual constraints on vocabulary growth. Lingua, 92, 333-376. Reprinted in L. Gleitman & B. Landau (Eds.) (1994), The acquisition of the lexicon. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books.
Fernald, A., & Simon, T. (1984). Expanded intonation contours in mothers' speech to newborns. Developmental Psychology, 20, 104-113.
Gleitman, L. (1994). The structural sources of verb meanings. In P. Bloom (Ed.), Language acquisition: Core readings. pp. 174-221. Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
Hirsh-Pasek, K., & Golinkoff, R. M. (1991). A new look at some old themes. In N. Krasnegor, D. Rumbaugh, M. Studdert-Kennedy, & R. Schiefelbusch (Eds.), Biological and behavioural aspects of language acquisition, pp. 301-320. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Hirsh-Pasek, K., Kemler Nelson, D. G., Jusczyk, P. W., Cassidy, K. W., Bruss, B., & Kennedy, L. (1987). Clauses are perceptual units for young infants. Cognition, 26, 269-286.
Kelly, C. A., & Dale, P. S. (1989). Cognitive skills associated with the onset of multiword utterances. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 32, 645-656.
Markman, E.M. (1994). Constraints children place on word meanings. In P. Bloom (Ed.), Language acquisition: Core readings, pp. 154-173. Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
Morgan, J. L., Meier, R. P., & Newport, E. L. (1987). Structural packaging in the input to language learning: Contributions of prosodic and morphological marking of phrases to the acquisition of language. Cognitive Psychology, 19, 498-550.
Naigles, L. (1990). Children use syntax to learn verb meanings. Journal of Child Language, 17, 357-374.
Petitto, L. A., & Marentette, P. F. (1991). Babbling in the manual mode: Evidence for the ontogeny of language. Science, 251, 1397-1536.
Pinker, S. (1987). The bootstrapping problem in language acquisition. In B. Macwhinney (Eds.), Mechanisms of language acquisition, pp. 399-441. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Shore, C., O'Connell, B., & Bates, E. (1984). First sentences in language and symbolic play. Developmental Psychology, 20, 872-880.
Other sources
Bates, E., & Goodman, J. C. On the inseparability of grammar and the lexicon: Evidence from acquisition, aphasia and real-time processing. Language and Cognitive Processes (in press).
Bloom, P. (Ed.) (1993). Language acquisition: Core readings. Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
Bowerman, M. (1990). Mapping thematic roles onto syntactic functions: Are children helped by innate linking rules? Linguistics, 28, 1253-1289.
Chomsky, N. (1968). Language and mind. New York: Harcourt Brace.
Cooper, W. E., & Sorensen, J. M. (1977). Fundamental frequency contours at syntactic boundaries. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 62, 683-692.
Fernald, A. (1984). The perceptual and affective salience of mothers' speech to infants. In L. Feagans, C. Garvey, & R. Golinkoff (Eds.), The origins and growth of communication, pp. 5-29. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
Fletcher, P. & MacWhinney, B. (Eds.) (1995). The handbook of child language. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Gleitman, L., Gleitman, H., Landau, B., & Wanner, E. (1988). Where learning begins: Initial representations for language learning. In F. Newmeyer (Eds.), The Cambridge linguistic survey, Vol. III, pp. 150-1.93. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Gleitman, L., & Landau, B. (Eds.) (1994). The acquisition of the lexicon. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books.
Gleitman, L. R., & Wanner, E. (1982). Language acquisition: The state of the state of the art. In E. Wanner & L. R. Gleitman (Eds.), Language acquisition: State of the art, pp. 3-48. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Jackendoff, R. (1993). Patterns in the mind. Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
Kemler Nelson, D. G., Hirsh-Pasek, K., Jusczyk, P. W., & Wright Cassidy, K. (1989). How the prosodic cues in motherese might assist language learning. Journal of Child Psychology, 16, 55-68.
Landau, B., & Gleitman, L. R. (1985). Language and experience: Evidence from the blind child. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
MacWhinney, B. (Ed.) (1987). Mechanisms of language acquisition. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Morgan, J. (1986). From simple input to complex grammar. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Morgan, J. L., & Demuth, K. (Ed.) (1996). Signal to syntax. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Petitto, L. A. (1992). Modularity and constraints in early lexical acquisition: Evidence from children's first words, signs, and gestures. In M. R. Gunnar & M. Maratsos (Eds.), Modularity and constraints in language and cognition, pp. 25-58. Hove: Erlbaum.
Pinker, S. (1984). Language learnability and language development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
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br /> Pinker, S. (1989). Learnability and cognition. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Pinker, S. (1995). Language acquisition. In L. R. Gleitman & M. Liberman (Eds.), Language: An invitation to cognitive science, pp. 135-182. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books.
Pinker, S. (1995). Why the child holded the baby rabbits: A case study in language acquisition. In L. R. Gleitman & M. Liberman (Eds.), Language: An invitation to cognitive science, pp. 107-133. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books.
Weist, R. M. (1989). Time concepts in language and thought: Filling the Piagetian void from two to five years. In I. Levin and D. Zakay (Eds.), Time and human cognition, pp. 63-118. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers.
Chapter 5: Organizing the dictionary
General reading
There are, surprisingly, no non-specialist readings on this topic.
Key findings
Cutler, A., Mehler, J., Norris, D., & Segui, J. (1983). A languagespecific comprehension strategy. Nature, 304, 159-160.
Dupoux, E. (1993). The time course of prelexical processing: The syllabic hypothesis revisited. In G. T. M. Altmann & R. C. Shillcock (Eds.), Cognitive models of speech processing: The second Sperlonga meeting, pp. 81-114. Hove: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Marslen-Wilson, W., & Warren, P. (1994). Levels of perceptual representation and process in lexical access: words, phonemes, and features. Psychological Review, 101, 653-675.
Mehler, J., Domergues, J. Y., Frauenfelder, U., & Segui, J. (1981). The syllable's role in speech segmentation. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behaviour, 20, 298-305.
Other sources
Cutler, A., Mehler, J., Norris, D., & Segui, J. (1986). The syllable's differing role in the segmentation of French and English. Journal of Memory and Language, 25, 385-400.
Cutler, A., Mehler, J., Norris, D., & Segui, J. (1989). Limits on bilingualism. Nature, 340, 229-230.
Cutler, A., Mehler, J., Norris, D., & Segui, J. (1992). The monolingual nature of speech segmentation by bilinguals. Cognitive Psychology, 24, 381-410.
Cutler, A., & Norris, D. (1988). The role of strong syllables in segmentation for lexical access. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 14, 113-121.
Chapter 6: Words, and how we (even tually)find them
General reading
Aitchison, J. (1994). Words in the mind: an introduction to the mental lexicon (2nd edn). Oxford: Blackwell.
Key findings
Gaskell, M. G., & Marslen-Wilson, W. D. (1996). Phonological variation and inference in lexical access. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 22, 144-158.
Marslen-Wilson, W. D. (1973). Linguistic structure and speech shadowing at very short latencies. Nature, 244, 522-523.
Marslen-Wilson, W. D. (1987). Functional parallelism in spoken word recognition. Cognition, 25, 71-102. Reprinted in U. H. Frauenfelder & L. K. Tyler, (Eds.) (1987). Spoken word recognition. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books.
Marslen-Wilson, W. D., & Tyler, L. K. (1975). Processing structure of sentence perception. Nature, 257, 784-786.
Marslen-Wilson, W. D., & Tyler, L. K. (1980). The temporal structure of spoken language understanding. Cognition, 8, 1-71.
Shillcock, R. (1990). Lexical hypotheses in continuous speech. In G. T. M. Altmann (Ed.), Cognitive models of speech processing: Psycholinguistic and computational perspectives, pp. 24-49. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books.
Swinney, D. A. (1979). Lexical access during sentence comprehension: (Re) considerations of context effects. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behaviour, 18, 645-659.
Tabossi, P. (1993). Connections, competitions, and cohorts. In G. T. M. Altmann & R. C. Shillcock (Eds.), Cognitive models of speech processing: The second Sperlonga meeting, pp. 277-294. Hove: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Tanenhaus, M. K., Leiman, J. M., & Seidenberg, M. S. (1979). Evidence for multiple stages in the processing of ambiguous words in syntactic context. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behaviour, 18, 427-441.
Zwitserlood, P. (1989). The locus of the effects of sentential-semantic context in spoken-word processing. Cognition, 32, 25-64.
Other sources
Altmann, G. T. M. (1990). Cognitive models of speech processing: An introduction. In G. T. M. Altmann (Ed.), Cognitive models of speech processing: Psycholinguistic and computational perspectives, pp. 1-23. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Aranoff, M. (1976). Word formation in generative grammar. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Marslen-Wilson, W. (1990). Activation, competition, and frequency in lexical access. In G. T. M. Altmann (Eds.), Cognitive models of speech processing: Psycholinguistic and computational perspectives, pp. 148-172. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Marslen-Wilson, W., Tyler, L. K., Waksler, R., & Older, L. (1994). Morphology and meaning in the English mental lexicon. Psychological Review, 101, 3-33.
Marslen-Wilson, W. D. (Ed.) (1989). Lexical representation and process. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Marslen-Wilson, W. D. (1993). Issues of process and representation in lexical access. In G. T. M. Altmann & R. C. Shillcock (Eds.), Cognitive models of speech processing: The second Sperlonga meeting, pp. 187-210. Hove: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Chapter 7: Time flies like an arrow
General reading
Pinker, S. (1994). The language instinct: The new science of language and mind. London: Allen Lane, The Penguin Press.
Key findings
Altmann, G. T. M., Garnham, A., & Dennis, Y. (1992). Avoiding the garden path: Eye movements in context. Journal of Memory and Language, 31, 685-712.
Altmann, G. T. M., & Steedman, M. J. (1988). Interaction with context during human sentence processing. Cognition, 30, 191-238.
Frazier, L. (1987). Sentence processing: A tutorial review. In M. Coltheart (Ed.), Attention and performance XII: The psychology of reading, pp. 559-586. Hove: Erlbaum.
Hamburger, H., & Crain, S. (1982). Relative acquisition. In S. A. Kuczaj (Ed.), Language development, pp. 245-274. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
MacDonald, M. C., Pearlmutter, N. J., & Seidenberg, M. S. (1994). The lexical nature of syntactic ambiguity resolution. Psychological Review, 101, 676-703.
Trueswell, J. C. (1996). The role of lexical frequency in syntactic ambiguity resolution. Journal of Memory and Language, 35, 566-585.
Other sources
Altmann, G. T. M. (Ed.) (1989). Parsing and interpretation. A special issue of Language and Cognitive Processes. Hove: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Altmann, G. T. M. (1996). Accounting for parsing principles: From parsing preferences to language acquisition. In T. Inui & J. McClelland (Eds.), Attention and performance XVI, pp. 479-500. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Clifton, C., Frazier, L., & Rayner, K. (Ed.). (1994). Perspectives on sentence processing. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Crain, S., Thornton, R., Boster, C., Conway, L., Lillo-Martin, D., and Woodams, E. (1996). Quantification without qualification. Language Acquisition, 3, 83-153.
Crain, S. and Fodor, J. D. (1993). Competence and performance in child language. In E. Dromi (Ed.) Language and cognition: A developmental perspective, pp. 141-171. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
Crain, S. (1991). Language acquisition in the absence of experience. The Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 4, 597-650.
Frazier, L., & Clifton, C. (1995). Construal. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press/Bradford Books.
Mitchell, D. C. (1994). Sentence Parsing. In M. A. Gernsbacher (Ed.), Handbook of psycholinguistics, pp. 375-409. San Diego: Academic Press.
Rayner, K., Carlson, M., & Frazier, L. (1983). The interaction of syntax and semantics during sentence processing: Eye movements in the analysis of semantically biased sentences. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behaviour, 22, 358-374.
Spivey-Knowlton, M., Trueswell, J., & Tanenhaus, M. (1993). Context and syntactic ambiguity resolution. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 47, 276-309.
Tanenhaus, M. K., & Trueswell, J. C. (1995). Sentence comprehension. In J. L. Miller & P. D. Eimas (Eds.), Handbook of perception and cognition, Vol. 11: Speech, language and communication, pp. 217-262. San Diego: Academic Press.
Trueswell, J. C., Tanenhaus, M. K., & Garnsey, S. M. (1994). Semantic influences on parsing: Use of thematic role information in syntactic disambiguation. Journal of Memory and Language, 33, 285-318.
Chapter 8: Who did what, and to whom
General reading
Pinker, S. (1994). The language instinct: The new science of language and mind. London: Allen Lane, The Penguin Press.
Key findings
Boland, J. E., Tanenhaus, M. K., & Garnsey, S. M. (1990). Evidence for immediate use of verb-based `control' information in sentence processing. Journal of Memory and Language, 29, 413-432.
Boland, J. E., Tanenhaus, M. K., Garnsey, S. M., Carlson, G. N. (1995). Verb argument structure in parsing and interpretation: Evidence from wh-questions. Journal of Memory and Language. 34, 774-806.
Gamsey, S. M., Tanenhaus, M. K., & Chapman, R. M. (1989). Evoked potentials and the study of sentence comprehension. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 18, 51-60.
Grimshaw, J., & Rosen, S. T. (1990). Knowledge and obedience: The developmental status of Binding Theory. Linguistic Inquiry, 21, 187-222.
Kutas, M., & Hillyard, S. A. (1983). Event-related brain potentials to grammatical errors and semantic anomalies. Memory and Cognition, 11, 539-550.