61 Race Today Collective, The Struggles of Asian Workers in Britain, London, Race Today, 1983, p 21–22
62 Sunday Times, 2 November 1975
63 Neil Millward, Alex Bryson, and John Forth, All Change at Work?, London, Routledge, p 224
64 Margaret Thatcher on ‘tripartism’, The Downing Street Years, London, Harper Collins, 1995, p 7, 141; Nigel Lawson, The View from Number 11, London, Corgi, 1993, p 432
65 Linda Dickens and Alan Neal, ‘Changing Times, Changing Needs’ in The Changing Institutional Face of British Employment Relations, Linda Dickens, Alan Neal (eds), Biggleswade, Kluwer, 2006, p 5
66 Neil Millward, Alex Bryson, and John Forth, All Change at Work?, London, Routledge, p 225
67 Richard Cracknell and Rob Clements, ‘Acts and Statutory Instruments: the volume of UK legislation 1950 to 2014’, House of Commons library, 19 March 2014, http://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/SN02911/SN02911.pdf
68 Kathleen Paul, Whitewashing Britain: Race and Citizenship in the Postwar Era, Ithaca, Cornell University Press, 1997, p 182, 183
69 Keith Thompson, Under Siege, London Penguin, 1988, p 77–9
70 Ibid, p 80
71 Ibid, p 21
72 ‘Ethnic unemployment in Britain (1972-2012)’, 15 January 2014, http://www.racecard.org.uk/finance/ethnic-unemployment-in-britain/
73 Margaret Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, London, Harper Collins, 1995, p 628, 627
74 Guardian, 9 September 1979
Chapter Two
1 H. Hodson, ‘Race Relation in the Commonwealth’, International Affairs 26(3), July 1950, p 305
2 HC Deb, 3 May 1965, vol 711, §926
3 Guardian, 28 November 1963; Robin G. D. Kelley and Stephen Tuck, The Other Special Relationship, Palgrave Macmillan, 2015, p 48
4 Speech to the Lord Mayor’s Banquet, reported in the Guardian, 17 November 1964
5 Commonwealth Immigrants Bill, HL Deb, 29 February 1968, vol 289, cc917–1217
6 ‘Wilson Hits Out on Housing’, Observer, 20 Sept 1964
7 ‘Mr Wilson Blamed on Colour’, Guardian, 9 October 1964
8 Robin G. D. Kelley and Stephen Tuck, The Other Special Relationship, Palgrave Macmillan, 2015, p 51
9 See Gavin Schaffer, The Vision of a Nation: Making Multiculturalism on British Television, 1960-80, Palgrave, 2014, footnote 226, p 142
10 Race Relations Bill, HC Deb, 23 April 1968, vol 763, §53
11 Race Relations Bill, HC Deb, 4 March 1976, vol 906
12 See John Williams’ biography, Michael X, London, 2008; and Robin Bunce and Paul Field, Darcus Howe, London, Bloomsbury, London, 2014
13 Robin Bunce and Paul Field, Darcus Howe, London, Bloomsbury, London, 2014, p 157
14 The Moonshot Club had been the target of many attempts to burn it down, and was set on fire in 1978. New Equals 2, February 1978
15 Race Today, February/March 1982, p 68
16 This preamble is taken from ‘Draft Code of Practice’, Commission for Racial Equality, November 1982, and is reproduced in many of their documents around that time
17 New Equals 1(1), November 1977, p 1
18 Ibid, p 4
19 ‘Draft Code of Practice’, Commission for Racial Equality, November 1982, p 3
20 ‘1.1 The Responsibility of Employers, Draft Code of Practice’, Commission for Racial Equality, November 1982, p 4
21 See Norman Tebbit, Upwardly Mobile, London, Futura, 1989, for a defence of management’s right to manage
22 HC Deb, 15 July 1981, vol 8, cc407-8W 407W
23 In M. Anwar, P. Roach, R. Sondhi, From Legislation to Integration? Race Relations in Britain, Basingstoke, Macmillan in association with Centre for Research in Ethnic Relations, University of Warwick, 2000, p. 84
24 Margaret Thatcher saved James Anderton from moves to sack him in 1986, state documents revealed. Manchester Evening News, 17 January 2013, http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/revealed-secret-documents-show-how-678786
25 John Torode, ‘Interview: Herman Ouseley’, Independent, 24 April 1993, http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/interview-a-victim-takes-control-herman-ouseley-the-commission-for-racial-equality-is-riven-by-1457330.html
Chapter Three
1 Anne Perkins, Red Queen, London, Macmillan, 2003, p 327
2 26 January 1941, in Sheila Lahr, Yealm, London, Unkant, 2015, p 374
3 Mary Davis, ‘An Historical Introduction to the Campaign for Equal Pay’, http://unionhistory.info/equalpay/roaddisplay.php?irn=820
4 Anne Perkins, Red Queen, p 327
5 Industrial Charter for Women and Report of the 33rd Annual Conference of Representatives of Trade Unions Catering for Women Workers, TUC, 1963
6 Anne Perkins, Red Queen, p 328
7 J. Hunt and S. Adams, Women, Work and Trade Union Organisation, London, 1980, p 15
8 Nancy Seear, Veronica Roberts, John Brock, A Career for Women in Industry, LSE, 1964, p 2
9 Tony Cliff, Class Struggle and Women’s Liberation, Chapter 11, https://www.marxists.org/archive/cliff/works/1984/women/11-wmvmtb.htm
10 Anne Perkins, Red Queen, p 328
11 Barbara Castle, Diaries, 1964-70, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1984, p 465–6, entry for 22 June 1968
12 Anne Perkins, Red Queen, p 328
13 Diaries, 1964-70, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1984, p 475, entry for 27 June 1968
14 Ibid, p 476
15 Ibid, p 532–5, entries for 18 October 1968
16 Ibid, p 711, 713, entries for 25 September and 29 September 1969; p 756, entry for 27 January 1970
17 Ibid, p 707, 9 December 1969
18 EOC News, December 1978, p 3
19 EOC News, October/November 1980, p 2
20 EOC Annual Report, 1977, p 53
21 EOC Annual Report, 1977, p 4
22 EOC News, June 1979, p 4–5; Alan Marsh, Women and Shiftwork: The Protective Legislation, survey by HMSO, 1979
23 EOC Annual Report, 1977, p 11
24 EOC News, March 1978, p 8; May 1978, p 7; July 1978, p 4
25 EOC News, July 1978, p 7
26 Quoted in EOC News, May 1978, p 8
27 EOC Annual Report, 1977, p 10; EOC News, December 1978, p 1
28 ‘Equality between the sexes in industry: how far have we come?’, EOC, 1978, p 13, 14
29 Ibid, p 15
30 EOC News, December 1978, p 1
31 EOC Annual Report, 1977, p 10
32 EOC Annual Report, 1985, p 1, 2
33 EOC Annual Report, 1985, p 5
34 ‘Putting Gender on the Agenda — EOC — Annual Report and Accounts 2000/2001’, p 15
35 Irene Bruegel and Diane Perrons, ‘Deregulation and Woman’s Employment: the diverse experience of women in Britain’, LSE Gender Institute, Discussion Paper Series, October 1996, p 12
36 EOC Annual Report, 1985, p 1
37 EOC News, 2 May 1978, p 5
38 EOC Annual Report, 1982, p 2
39 J. Earle and J. Phillips, ‘Equal Pay: Why the Acts Don’t Work’, Spare Rib 86, September 1979, p 22
40 EOC Annual Report, 1985, p 10–11
41 ‘Equality in the 21st Century, Annual Report and Accounts, 1999-2000’, Equal Opportunities Commission, 7 December 2000, p 4
42 According to Ina Zweiniger-Bargielowska, Women in Twentieth-Century Britain: Social, Cultural and Political Change, London, Routledge 2014, p 286
43 Beatrix Campbell, Iron Ladies, London, Virago, 1987, p 213
44 See reports in the Independent, 31 January 1995, by Barrie Clement; and 21 January 1996, by Nick Cohen
45 Listen to the discussion with Dr Steve Davies, Women’s Hour, 9 June 2011, http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b011pldp; and see Sue Jackson, Networking Women… Women’s Studies International Forum 23(1), 2000, p 1–11
Chapter Four
1 Commission for Racial Equality, ‘Annual Report’, 1986, p 26, 24
2 Martin Boddy and Colin Fudge, Local Socialism, London,
Macmillan, 1985, p 5, 7; see also David Regan, The Local Left, Centre for Policy Studies, London, 1987
3 In Martin Boddy and Colin Fudge, Local Socialism, London, Macmillan, 1985, p 270
4 John Carvel, Turn Again Livingstone, London, Profile, 1999, p 4
5 ‘Policy Invitation’, New Equals 18, Summer 1982, p 2
6 ‘Living and Working Together’, Islington Council, produced by Islington Council’s Press, Campaign and Publicity Unit and the Race Equality Unit [n.d.]
7 ‘Racial Disadvantage in Lambeth — A Council for Community Relations in Lambeth’, Report to Lambeth Council, May 1978, p 1. Today black people make up one quarter of 310,000 residents, the major difference is that there are as many black Africans as Afro-Caribbeans today, whereas most in 1977 were Afro-Caribbean, Lambeth State of the Borough, 2014.
8 Herman Ouseley with Daniel Silverstone and Usha Prashar, The System, London, Runnymede Trust, and South London Equal Rights Consultancy, 1983, p 101
9 ‘The Spitalfields Survey: Housing and Social Conditions in 1980’, CHAS, reported in New Equals 17, Spring 1982, p 11
10 ‘Racial Disadvantage in Lambeth — A Council for Community Relations in Lambeth’, Report to Lambeth Council, May 1978, p 3
11 New Equals, August 1978, p 6
12 New Equals 2, February 1978, p 8; ‘EOC News’, March 1978, p 2
13 ‘Racial Disadvantage in Lambeth – A Council for Community Relations in Lambeth’, Report to Lambeth Council, May 1978, p 3
14 Herman Ouseley with Daniel Silverstone and Usha Prashar, The System, London, Runnymede Trust, and South London Equal Rights Consultancy, 1983, p 22
15 Ted Knight, Marxism Today, January 1981, p 12
16 Equals 1, July 1983, p 1
17 Livingstone Interview, Martin Boddy and Colin Fudge, Local Socialism, London, Macmillan, 1985, p 270
18 Sue Goss, ‘Women’s Initiatives in Local Government’, in Boddy and Fudge, Local Socialism, London Macmillan, 1985, p 111
19 ‘Women and training’, Equals 1, July 1983, p 2
20 Equals 2, October 1983, p 2
21 ‘Women and training’, Equals 1, July 1983, p 2
22 Quoted in Sheila Rowbotham, The Past is Before Us, London, Pandora, 1989, p 140
23 Sue Goss, ‘Women’s Initiatives in Local Government’, in Boddy and Fudge, Local Socialism, London, Macmillan, 1985, p 110
24 Equals 1, July 1983, p 3
25 ‘On the Road to Equality’, First Annual Equal Opportunities Monitoring Report 1983-4, GLC, p 1
26 Labour Research, May 1986
27 ‘Equality Moves Forward’, GLC Equal Opportunities Second Annual Monitoring Report, p 2
28 Keith Thompson, Under Siege, London, 1988, p 123
29 Richard Aldrich, Public or Private Education, London, Routledge, 2004, p 93
30 Commission for Race Equality, ‘From Words to Action: progress on the Code of Practice’, London, CRE, 1985, p 1, 2
31 CBI Conference on Equality at Work, 24 September 1985, held at Centre Point, Conference notes on ‘Equal Pay for Work of Equal Value’, p 1
32 EOC Annual Report, 1986, p 26; EOC Annual Report, 1987, p 26
33 EOC Annual Report, 1987, p 27
34 EOC Annual Report, 1987, p 7
35 CRE Annual Report, 1987, p 26; CRE Annual Report, 1986, p 28
36 Nick Jewson, David Mason, Chris Lambkin, and Frank Taylor, ‘Ethnic Monitoring Policy and Practice: A Study of Employers’ Experiences’, Ethnic Minority Employment Research Centre, University of Leicester, p 12
37 Ibid, p 3, 10
38 CBI, 1996, p 3
39 Cynthia Cockburn, In the Way of Women, London, Macmillan, 1991, p 91
40 Lesley Mackay and Derek Torrington, The Changing Nature of Personnel Management, London, Institute of Personnel Management, 1986, p 79–80
41 Commission for Race Equality, ‘From Words to Action: progress on the Code of Practice’, 1985, p 1
42 Nick Jewson, David Mason, Chris Lambkin, and Frank Taylor, ‘Ethnic Monitoring Policy and Practice: A Study of Employers’ Experiences’, Ethnic Minority Employment Research Centre, University of Leicester, p 11
43 Ibid, p 35
44 Ibid, p 34
45 Ibid, p 35
46 Ibid, p 150–151
Chapter Five
1 Interview on 27 Jan 1978
2 Walden Interview, Weekend World, ITV, 16 January 1983; Daily Express, 4 December 1980
3 Reported in the Guardian, ‘Thatcher team plot their future for the family’, Malcolm Dean, 17 February 1983
4 Margaret Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, London, Harper Collins, 1995, p 144–6
5 Ibid, p 144
6 ‘Inner Cities’, HC Deb, 9 December 1981, vol 14
7 ‘Race and Sex Discrimination’, HL Deb, 10 June 1981, vol 421
8 New Equals 17, Spring 1982, p 1
9 ‘Commission for Racial Equality’, HC Deb, 23 December 1981, vol 15, cc423-4W
10 New Equals 17, Spring 1982, p 8
11 ‘So much to build on’, EOC Annual Report, 1985, p 10
12 Ibid, p 2
13 Martin Kettle, ‘The Drift to Law and Order’, Marxism Today, October 1980, p 21
14 Margaret Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p 339, 563
15 David Regan, The Local Left and its National Pretensions, Centre for Policy Studies, 1987, p 46–7, 48
16 New Equals 2, February 1978, p 8
17 ‘Director attacks equal pay board’, Guardian, 4 July 1981
18 See James Curran, Julian Petley, and Ivor Gaber, Culture Wars: The Media and the British Left, Edinburgh University Press, 2005, especially Chapter Nine
19 Quoted in Keith Thompson, Under Siege, London, 1988, p 128
20 Anna Coote, ‘Labour: The Feminist Touch’, Marxism Today, November 1985, p 12
21 CRE Annual Report, 1986, p 18
22 CRE Annual Report, 1987, p 23
23 Ibid, p 9, 21
24 Ibid, p 28
25 HC Deb, 21 July 1987, vol 120, cc159–60, 159
26 HC Deb, 14 December 1987, vol 124, cc828–67
27 ‘Government’s Decision Deplored’, New Equals 16, April 1981, p 2
28 CRE Annual Report, 1986, p 25
29 King Edwards Hospital Fund for London Equal Opportunities Task Force, ‘The Work of the Equal Opportunities Task Force 1986-1990 — a final report’, p 2
30 CRE Annual Report, 1986, p 26
31 King Edwards Hospital Fund for London Equal Opportunities Task Force, ‘The Work of the Equal Opportunities Task Force 1986-1990 — a final report’, p 3
32 Later on the Institute for Race Relations became more radical, under the leadership of A. Sivanandan.
33 ‘Race Relations Industry’, Red Mole, 1 May 1972, p 5; the article drew on a pamphlet by Robin Jenkins (The Production of Knowledge at the Institute of Race Relations, London, Independent Labour Party, 1971) who had been a researcher at the organisation, but turned against it
34 Race Today, April/May 1977, p 67
35 Reproduced in Black Voice 12 (newspaper of the Black Unity and Freedom Party), c. 1981, p 2
36 ‘Without Malice’, February/March 1982, p 60
37 New Equals 18, Summer 1982, p 1
38 Race Today, May 1983, p 21. Dhondy’s sarcasm about the GLC meeting was only slightly tempered by the fact that C. L. R. James, grand old man of the Race Today Collective, was flattered enough to accept the invitation to speak there.
39 Leonora Brito, ‘Protest: Positive Discrimination: Who Needs It?’, Race Today, January 1984, p 43
40 ‘Rashid Mufti’, Race and Class 28, 1987, p 104–6 — Mufti makes his attack on municipal anti-racism in reply to a pamphlet attacking the militant-led Liverpool Council for its failure to implement an equal opportunities policy, among other things; Lee Bridges, ‘Keeping the Lid On: British urban social policy, 1975-81’, Race and Class 23, 1981, p 181
41 ‘Challenging Racism’, Race and Class, Autumn 1983, p 2, 9
&n
bsp; 42 ‘Black Workers in the North West’, Report of a conference held on 3 November 1984, Black Workers Planning Group in Conjunction with Tube (WEA NW District), p 8
43 Cynthia Cockburn, In the Way of Women, London, Macmillan, p 16
44 Linda Dickens, ‘Beyond the business case’, Human Resource Management Journal Vol 9, No. 1, January 1999
45 Linda Dickens, ‘Walking the Talk?’ in Managing Human Resources, Stephen Bach (ed), Blackwell (Fourth Edition), 2005, p 189
46 Irene Bruegel and Diane Perrons, ‘Deregulation and Woman’s Employment: the diverse experience of women in Britain’, LSE Gender Institute, Discussion Paper Series, October 1996, p 12; citing Clement, ‘How to Make Opportunity Knock’, Independent, 29 April 1992, p 28
47 Dickens, ‘Walking the Talk?’ in Managing Human Resources, Stephen Bach (ed), Blackwell (Fourth Edition), p 189
48 EOC Annual Report, 1992, p 2
49 Cynthia Cockburn, In the Way of Women, London, Macmillan, p 91
50 EOC Annual Report, 1980, p 1
51 Interview: Herman Ouseley, Open Democracy, 6 January 2014, https://www.opendemocracy.net/5050/beatrix-campbell/neoliberal-neopatriarchy-case-for-gender-revolution
52 Interview: Herman Ouseley, Sociology Review, September 2003, p 26
Chapter Six
1 Tom Peters, Thriving on Chaos, Dorling Kindersley, 2000, p 52
2 Ronald Burke, Cary Cooper, The Human Resources Revolution: Why Putting People First Matters, London, Elsevier, p 13, 14
3 Master of Arts in Human Resource Management (M.A. HRM), Program Overview, http://metro.cua.edu/masters/mahrm.cfm
4 ‘The place and shape of HRD in a globalised and turbulent workplace’, 13 July 2009.
5 Tom Keenoy, ‘Human Resource Management’ in The Critical Management Studies Handbook, p 454, 456
6 Brigid van Wanrooy et al, ‘Employment Relations in the Shadow of the Recession — findings from the 2011 Workplace Employment Relations Survey’, p 57
7 Neil Millward et al, All Change at Work, Chapter Three; Brigid van Wanrooy et al, ‘Employment Relations in the Shadow of the Recession — findings from the 2011 Workplace Employment Relations Survey’, p 51
8 Millward et al, All Change at Work, London, Routledge, 2000, p 12, citing D. Guest and K. Sisson as representative of each view respectively
9 At the time of writing Standard Chartered is going through a severe downsizing, so these figures are changing
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