Madisons in residence, 49–59, 93–94, 180, 272, 273, 291–302, 303–316, 309–311, 329
personality and character of, 73, 87, 89, 97, 98, 128, 271
physical description, 16–17, 37, 38, 42, 69, 81, 87, 97, 172, 180, 241, 286, 361, 365
changes caused by War of 1812, 232
problems with weight, 175, 304
and politics
actively involved in politics with James, 57–58, 312
becoming a master politician, 207–208
as a political animal, 148
use of social politics during War of 1812, 235, 253–54
portrait of by Johnson, 358
and the Republican Party, 96, 99, 128, 206, 253
retirement, 291–302, 303–316
social life of
after retirement, 296, 299, 304, 306
befriending congress members’ wives, 94–95
Dolley's efforts to show James's positive features, 90, 98–99, 144, 203
during the War of 1812, 225–41
enjoyment of gossiping, 99–100, 177, 178, 180, 236, 311
entertaining at home, 127–28
inauguration of James as president, 151–52
at Montpelier, 93–94, 180, 272, 273, 309–311
not dancing, 91
in Philadelphia, 66–73
rebuilding social life after burning of Washington, DC, 282–83
returning to Washington, DC, after death of James, 361–63, 365
Thomas Jefferson asking Dolley to serve as hostess at the White House, 87–90, 91–93, 94–97, 100, 101–102, 104, 105, 125, 127, 158, 180
at the White House as First Lady while James was president, 163–81, 225–41
adopting the City Orphan Asylum as her cause, 165
attending sessions of Congress and Supreme Court, 165
British threats against Dolley during War of 1812, 14–15
evacuation of the White House, 22–24
giving political advice to James, 176, 200
increasing number of parties and receptions, 171–72, 173, 178, 179, 207
James and Dolley's attempts to unite after burning of Washington, DC, 31–32
popularity and success of, 175
protecting James from stress, 206
as a reader, 174–75
redecorating, 163–64
rumors of surrendering the White House, 13–14
saving the Washington portrait, 22–23
See also Cutts, Anna (Payne) (Dolley's sister); Cutts, Richard (Dolley's brother-in-law); Madison, James; Montpelier; Todd, Payne (Dolley's son); Washington, Lucy (Payne) (Dolley's sister)
Madison, Fanny (Dolley's niece), 319
Madison, Frances “Fanny.” See Rose, Frances (Madison) “Fanny” (James's sister)
Madison, Francis (James's brother), 49
Madison, James
and Albert Gallatin, 123, 135, 156, 169–70, 186–87, 245–46
and Alexander Hamilton, 44, 64, 67, 315
dislike of Hamilton and his policies, 67, 68
and Britain, 183–89, 203–213
declaring war on, 215–16, 220, 226–27
Congress purchasing his papers, 352, 353, 354
and the Constitution, 38, 45, 53, 57, 64–66, 84, 154–55, 160, 191, 289, 300, 312, 334, 339, 343, 353, 364
death of in 1836, 345
eulogies for, 347–48
education of, 61–62
attending Princeton (College of New Jersey), 61–62, 329
interest in books and learning, 61
seen as a scholar, 65, 174
and Edward Coles, 90–91
as Madison's secretary, 160–61, 171, 172–73, 207, 250, 278
and farming, 50, 194, 245, 274–75, 297–98, 300, 313, 345
finances of, 298, 306–307, 309, 327, 354
financial costs of slavery, 342–43, 346, 358–59
providing loans to family and friends, 250, 270, 271, 306
and George Washington, 67, 191
advising on politics, 64–65
as close friends, 38, 41, 43
cooling of friendship, 45
efforts by others to break friendship, 44
Madison's criticisms of, 67–68
health of, 53, 80, 100–101, 106, 126, 306, 309, 338
apparent sterility of, 271
in his later years, 299, 312, 314, 315, 345, 346–47
people believing he was sick, 166
possibly suffering from epilepsy, 40
during War of 1812, 228–31, 238
and Henry Clay, 339, 348
and James Monroe, 85, 272, 278, 296–97, 298, 300, 307
arranging for French furniture for Montpelier, 52
as close friends, 164, 170, 172, 229, 309
correspondence between, 55, 57, 67, 119, 121, 157, 159
Federalist efforts to elect Monroe president instead of Madison, 142, 143, 144, 170
as Madison's secretary of state, 164, 171, 212–13, 219, 224, 244–45
as Madison's secretary of war, 281
negotiating with British on impressment issue, 209, 219
and John Adams
Adams becoming an ally of Madison, 252, 261
on Madison's health, 229
mutual dislike, 46, 55, 56, 57–58, 84, 91, 173, 186
and John Quincy Adams, 85, 91, 127–28, 294
belief in Madison's embargo, 145
eulogy for, 348
and Louisiana, 118, 119, 120, 122, 123, 159, 167, 196
love between James and Dolley, 39, 41, 99, 125, 126, 127, 165, 168–69, 205, 299, 347
meeting and marrying Dolley, 33, 191–92
at Montpelier
1796–1798, 49–59
Madison supervising from Washington, DC, while president, 167
retirement at, 291–302, 303–316, 329, 342–43
as the summer White House, 267–75
national highway system plan of, 196–97
and Patrick Henry, 44, 63
and Payne Todd (Dolley's son), 40, 41
personality and character of, 21, 37, 38, 39, 41, 44, 53, 64, 90–91, 146, 147, 152, 160–61, 315
after marriage to Dolley, 50
differences between Jefferson and Madison, 348
Dolley's efforts to show his positive features, 90, 98–99, 144, 201
good judge of character, 157
integrity of, 21, 64, 249
lack of administrative experience, 155–56
leadership skills, 64, 143, 156, 237, 253, 286, 288
physical description, 37–38, 42, 81, 141, 205, 299
after retirement, 296
always wearing black, 37, 42, 64, 81, 89, 90, 141, 296, 299
criticisms of at first inaugural ball, 152
political life, 123
authoring Virginia Resolution, 58
campaigning for Jefferson for president, 149
as congressman from Virginia, 37, 41, 43–47, 64, 65, 68, 99, 145, 160, 191, 274, 282, 294, 331
dislike of John Adams and his policies, 57–58
during lead-up to the American Revolution, 63–64
effectiveness of, 64–66
and the Federalist Party, 46, 142, 143, 146, 147–48, 153, 169–70, 205, 206–207, 221, 222–23, 238, 277
involving Dolley in, 57–58
known as “Big Knife,” 85, 135
as a political animal, 148
and the Republican Party, 21, 25, 68, 85, 103–104, 110, 142, 143, 145–46, 155, 160, 223, 253, 315
starting Democratic-Republican Party, 44–45, 67–68, 81, 84, 109, 148, 160
as president, 163–81
Dolley giving political advice to, 176, 200
election to presidency, 141–61
inauguration of, 141, 150–52
reelection in 1812, 223
understanding international affairs, 159–60
putting together his official papers, 309
and Thomas Jefferson, 63, 158, 206, 291
>
attending Madison's inaugural ball, 151
as close friends, 38, 44, 52, 63, 80, 82, 84, 87, 98, 106, 109, 142, 153–54, 245, 249, 296–97, 308
concerns about Madison's health, 230
differences in two men, 200, 348
efforts by others to break friendship, 44
Jefferson advising on redesign for Montpelier, 51, 53, 269
Madison advising on political issues, 160
Madison serving as Jefferson's secretary of state, 80, 81–82, 84, 86, 87, 90, 96, 98, 101, 105–116, 125–29, 133–39, 146–47, 148, 156, 159–60, 167, 191, 193
Madison telling Jefferson of Meriwether Lewis's suicide, 167
offering encouragement during War of 1812, 280, 288–89
urging Madison to seek presidency, 45–46
and War of 1812, 18–19
addresses to Congress, 246–47, 262
in Bladensburg, MD, 16, 20
as commander in chief, 226–27, 230, 243–44, 281
declaration of war on June 1, 1812, 215–16, 220, 226–27
developing concept of General Staff, 262
James and Dolley's attempts to unite after burning of Washington, DC, 31–32
lead-up to the War of 1812, 183–89, 203–213
public opinion soaring after war, 287
retreat from Washington, DC, 25–26
See also Madison, Dolley; Montpelier; Todd, Payne (Dolley's son)
Madison, James, Sr. (James's father), 49, 50, 61–62, 272
death of, 80
Madison, Nelly (James's mother), 50, 54, 125, 126, 137, 267, 295–96, 308
Madison, Nelly (James's sister), 43, 49, 137
Madison, Robert (James's nephew), 250–51, 270, 308
Madison, Sarah (James's sister), 270
Madison, William (James's brother), 273, 308, 354, 359
Maffitt, William, 31
marble quarry at Toddsberth, 350
Marine Corps, 168
Marshall, John, 141, 146, 241
Martin, Thomas, 61
Martineau, Harriet, 153, 175, 268, 312–14, 335, 343
Mason, Jeremiah, 93
Mason, John, 98
Mayo, Abigail, 299
Mayo, Maria, 226, 251
McCorkle, William, 54
McHenry, Fort, 264–65, 278, 286
McKean, Sally, 55, 70, 177, 238, 315–16
McKenney, Thomas, 19
Mechanics Hall, 77
Meikleham, Septima, 349, 359
Merran (servant), 157
Merry, Anthony, 82, 157, 171, 179–80
Merry, Elizabeth, 72, 157, 171, 179–80
“Merry Wives of Windsor,” 172
Mexico, war with, 123
Minor, George, 31
Mississippi region. See Louisiana Territory
Mississippi River, 113, 117, 119, 120, 198, 262, 283
Missouri Compromise, 336
“Mr. Madison's War,” 18, 32, 221. See also War of 1812
Mitchill, Samuel, 79, 92, 143, 144
Moncure, Henry, 358, 359
Monroe, James, 20, 67, 92, 109, 119, 157, 159, 209, 229, 280
death of, 309
finances of, 307
and James Madison, 85, 272, 278, 296–97, 298, 300, 307
arranging for French furniture for Montpelier, 52
as close friends, 164, 170, 172, 229, 309
correspondence between, 55, 57, 67, 119, 121, 157, 159
Federalist efforts to elect Monroe president instead of Madison, 142, 143, 144, 170
as Madison's secretary of state, 164, 171, 212–13, 219, 224, 244–45
as Madison's secretary of war, 281
negotiating with British on impressment issue, 209, 219
and Louisiana Purchase, 119, 120–21, 122
personality and character of, 170
possibly doing secret services to a London bank, 356
as president, 19, 109, 145, 287, 293
Monroe Doctrine, 300
and Thomas Jefferson, 109, 170, 171, 213
and War of 1812, 19, 20, 244–45, 246, 280, 281
Monticello, 51, 95, 103, 153, 154, 206
Montlezun, Baron de, 181
Montpelier, 45, 96, 274
becoming run-down in Madison's later years, 342–43
Dolley's body moved back to, 367
Dolley taking on administrative duties, 206
after James's death, 348–50, 357–59
freed blacks working at, 338
James supervising long-distance, 167
library in, 174
Madisons in residence 1796–1798, 49–59
retirement at, 291–302, 303–316, 329
social life at, 93–94, 180, 272, 273, 309–311
as the summer White House, 205, 267–75
presence of “Davidson soil,” 269, 274
redesign of
in 1796, 50–51, 52–53
in 1809, 267, 268–69, 303
selling of, 355–56, 358, 359
See also Orange County, VA
Moore, Tom, 77
Morales, Juan, 157–58
Morris, Anthony, 296
Morris, Gouverneur, 79, 198–99
Morris, Phoebe, 100, 158, 173, 178, 226, 231, 236, 303, 311, 321–22
Mount Vernon, 91
Moylan, Stephen, 59
Napoleon Bonaparte, 69, 112, 148, 185, 206, 210, 237
attacking Russia, 248
and Betsy Napoleon, 179, 210, 240–41
British war with Napoleon, 133, 183, 184, 212, 216, 257, 262, 285
ending of allowing Britain to focus on the United States, 280
War of 1812 adding to cost of, 265
War of 1812 seen as American support of France, 220
in the Caribbean, 115, 117, 120, 136
and New Orleans, 113–14, 118, 119–20, 121, 123
war in Europe, 113, 117, 118, 129, 154, 183, 241
defeat of Napoleon, 240, 285
See also France
Natchez Chronicle (newspaper), 166
“Natchez Trace,” 195
National Gazette (newspaper), 45, 194
National Intelligencer (newspaper), 13, 14, 30, 77, 80, 103, 107, 145, 169, 174, 186, 188, 217, 219, 220, 223, 229, 243, 279, 282, 348, 365, 367. See also Smith, Samuel Harrison (journalist)
National Road, 196–97
Native Americans during War of 1812, 244, 261, 262
Navy Yard, 78, 98, 101, 141, 226
destruction of during War of 1812, 27, 279, 287
“neutrality proclamation” of George Washington, 111–12
New England
after the War of 1812, 287
and the embargo, 135–36, 139, 141, 148
and the Federalist Party, 82, 89, 135, 148, 205, 206
New England secession movement, 138, 277–78, 279
and the War of 1812
British naval blockades, 256
British plans to attack New England, 262, 265
opposition to war in New England, 204, 208, 211, 220, 221–22, 238, 248, 251, 253, 279
New England Palladium (newspaper), 88–90
New Jersey Journal (newspaper), 334
Newman, James, 325
New Orleans, 113–14, 117
after Louisiana Purchase, 122, 133
battle of New Orleans, 226, 262, 283–85, 286
Jefferson plan to buy from France, 118, 120–21
Spanish shutting the port, 120
See also Louisiana Territory
New Orleans (steamship), 198
New York Weekly Museum (newspaper), 80
Niagara (US ship), 260
Nicholas, John, 227
Nicholas, Wilson, 135, 143
Nicholson, James, 107
Nielson, John, 269
Niles Register (newspaper), 266
Non-Intercourse Act, 145, 155, 183, 204, 210, 220. See also embargo of Britain
North River (steamship), 198
Octagon House, 24, 281, 282,
285, 286
Ohio River, 117
“Old Ironsides,” 258
Orange County, VA, 49, 270, 274, 295, 301, 305, 321, 340, 350, 356, 358, 364
Orange County Committee of Public Safety, 63
Orange Court House (town), 52, 54–55, 269, 272, 273, 294, 301, 303, 305, 312, 314, 320
social life in, 50, 54–55, 180
See also Montpelier; Toddsberth
Orders of Council (1756), 220, 285
Osgood, Samuel, 85
Otis, Samuel, 65
Owen, William, 197
Page, Mrs., 273
Paine, Thomas, 333–34
Palladium (newspaper), 220, 221, 223
Panic of 1837, 328, 350
Paragon (steamship), 198
Parish, David, 248
Patriotic Society of Delaware, 67
Patterson, Mrs., 316
Paulding, James, 294, 295, 297, 305–306, 351
Payne, Anna. See Cutts, Anna (Payne) (Dolley's sister)
Payne, Anna (Dolley's niece), 314, 348–49
Payne, Dolley. See Madison, Dolley
Payne, John (Dolley's brother), 167–68, 232–34, 236, 270, 271, 309, 314, 317, 321, 349, 360
Payne, Lucy. See Washington, Lucy (Payne) (Dolley's sister)
Payne, Mary (Dolley's mother), 35, 37, 168, 232
Payne, Mary (Dolley's sister). See Jackson, Mary (Payne) (Dolley's sister)
Payne, Smith, 367
Pendleton, Edmund, 148
Pendleton, William, 217
Pennsylvania Abolitionist Society, 334
Perceval, Spencer, 186, 237
Perry, Oliver, 257, 260
Philadelphia, PA, 136, 177, 294
Dolley and James living in after marriage, 66–73
Dolley in after death of husband John Todd, 35–37, 38
Dolley meeting and marrying James, 38–41
efforts to move capital back to, 165–66, 280, 281–82, 286–87
Payne Todd in, 318, 321, 322, 324, 325, 326, 327–28
visiting doctor in Philadelphia
Dolley Madison, 96, 126, 165
Edward Coles, 230–31
Yellow Fever in, 33, 34–35
Philadelphia, USS, capture of by Barbary pirates, 129
Physick, Phillip Syng, 126, 137–38, 230–31, 355
Pickering, Thomas, 105, 209, 256
Picton, Thomas, 113
Pierce, William, 65
Pike, Zebulon, 247
Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth, 120, 134–35, 139, 143, 149, 159, 334
Pinkney, William, 185, 186, 204, 209, 211
Pleasants, Robert, 333
Plumer, William, 65–66, 92, 156, 228
Polk, James K., 365, 367
Porter, David, 258–59
Potomack Canal, 192–93
President's Lady. See First Lady
President's Mansion. See White House
Preston, William, 173, 237, 355, 365
Prevost, George, 263
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