Price, Robert, 187
Priestley, Joseph, 108
Princeton (College of New Jersey), 61–62, 301, 329, 354
Princeton (yacht), 363
privateers, use of by the United States in War of 1812, 259–60, 263
Prosser, Gabriel, 341–42
Quakers, 37, 192, 333
and marriage outside of faith, 40
Quasi War, 84, 112, 257
Quids Party, 142
racetrack in Washington, DC, 173–74
railroads, 194
Raisin River Massacre, 261
Randolph, Edmund, 64, 330
Randolph, John, 84, 121, 143, 145–46, 211, 237
apparent loss of mind, 310
defeat in election of 1813, 256
mutual dislike between Madison and Randolph, 166, 170, 310
Randolph, Molly, 231
Randolph, Thomas Mann, 84
red as Dolley Madison's favorite color, 268
Reporter (newspaper), 138
Republican Party (Democratic-Republican Party), 25, 72, 82, 85, 94, 103–104, 107, 109–110, 118, 123–24, 128, 135, 143, 160, 166, 171, 185, 187, 206–207, 228, 250, 329, 346
1809 elections, 206
and Albert Gallatin, 169
attempts to fight Alien and Sedition Acts, 57
becoming the Democratic Party, 363
and Dolley Madison, 96, 99, 128, 206, 253
growth of, 44–45, 68, 83, 85, 104, 107, 143, 145, 154, 206, 293
and James Madison, 21, 25, 68, 85, 103–104, 110, 123, 142, 143, 145–46, 147, 155, 160, 223, 253, 315
and James Monroe, 293
Republican newspapers, 45, 56, 83, 103, 118, 138, 143, 145, 147, 148, 153, 180, 209, 223, 229, 283
started by Jefferson and Madison, 44, 67, 68, 81, 84, 109, 148, 160
and Thomas Jefferson, 94, 107, 108, 109, 110, 142, 143, 147
and War of 1812, 25, 200, 243, 246, 253
Whiskey Rebellion blamed on, 67
See also states’ rights
Reynolds, William, 211
rheumatism
Dolly Madison suffering from, 126, 137–38
James Madison suffering from, 32, 80, 313, 314, 346
Payne Todd suffering from, 320
Rice, David, 334
Richmond, VA, crime in, 130–31
“Rip Van Winkle” (Irving), 172
Rives, Judith Walker, 311, 356
Rives, William, 352
Roberts, Jonathan, 286
Roberts, Matilda, 31
Robertson, Donald, 61
Rodgers, John, 218
Rodney, Caesar, 188–89, 217
Rose, Frances (Madison) “Fanny” (James's sister), 49, 308
Rose, Robert, 49
Rule of Council. See Orders of Council (1756)
Rumsey, James, 198
Rush, Benjamin, 193
Rush, Kitty, 310
Rush, Richard, 237, 244, 246–47, 251–52, 253, 261, 300, 343, 365
Russell, Mr., 318
Russia and the War of 1812, 228, 248
Rutledge, Edward, 46
St. James church in Washington, DC, 367
St. Mary's Seminary, Payne Todd attending, 318
Santo Domingo, 112, 113, 115, 118, 120
Yellow Fever in, 117
Sarah (slave), 359
Sawney (slave), 50, 329
Scott, Maria, 310
Scott, Winfield, 261
Seaton, Sarah Gales, 174, 226, 241
secession movements
in New England, 277–78, 279
in South because of slavery, 339
Sedgwick, Theodore, 68
Sedition Act. See Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798
Serrurier, M., 229, 246, 263
Seven Years’ War, 62
Seward, William, 363
Shattuck, George, 267
Sioussat, Jean Pierre, 22, 23, 24, 171, 364
“Six Buildings,” 76, 86
slaves and slavery, 301
antislavery movement, 333, 334–35, 338, 343
concept of a farm collective, 336–37
and Edward Coles, 250, 332, 338–39
and George Washington, 329, 333
increase in numbers of runaway slaves, 169
and the Madisons, 329–43
Dolley adding slaves after James's death, 350, 358
Dolley selling the slaves with Montpelier, 358–59
Dolley's views on slavery, 169, 340–42
financial cost to, 342–43, 346, 358–59
James meeting with abolitionist while president, 334–35
James's views on slavery, 301–302, 330–31, 336, 343
James urging for a western colony in the United States for freed slaves, 330
James wanting gradual emancipation, 337
Lafayette scolding Madison about ownership of, 303–304
owning slaves, 50, 169, 269, 274, 303–304, 339, 340
Payne Todd's attitude, 341, 364
politics concerning, 329–30
slave insurrections in America, 341–42
slave revolt in Haiti, 169
and Thomas Jefferson, 336
calling for gradual emancipation of slaves, 330
continuing to own slaves, 331
relationship with Sally Hemings, 135, 154, 332
three-fifths rule
in Constitution, 330
New England secession movement against, 277
and the new Virginia constitution, 302
smallpox, George Washington's efforts to save Americans from, 33–34
Smith, Alexander, 177–78
Smith, James, 23–24
Smith, Margaret Bayard, 24, 29, 32, 51, 71–72, 93, 97, 98, 103, 104, 108, 127, 151–52, 153, 269–70, 279, 296, 297, 311–12, 360, 362
Smith, Robert, 143, 170, 212
Smith, Samuel Harrison (journalist), 103–104, 128, 145, 169, 174, 219, 311–12
Smith, Samuel (senator), 68, 143, 170, 208–209
Smith, Walter, 27
smuggling, 136, 265–66
Smyth, Alexander, 255
Snowden, John, 54
snuff, 175
Society of Friends. See Quakers
sociopath, Payne Todd as a probable, 319
Sons of Liberty, 62
Spain
and Britain, 136, 188
and Cuba, 187, 210
and Florida, 83, 119, 123, 210
and New Orleans, 112–13, 114, 117, 120, 159
United States wanting strong alliance with, 159
Sparks, Jared, 351
Spotswood, George Washington, 360
Stabler, Deborah, 231
Stamp Act, 62
Stark, John, 217
“Star-Spangled Banner, The” (Key), 265
State Department
impact of Louisiana Purchase, 123
importance of in Washington administration, 111
James Madison appointing Robert Smith in 1809, 170
James Madison serving as Jefferson's secretary of state, 80, 81–82, 84, 86, 87, 90, 96, 98, 101, 105–116, 125–29, 156, 159–60
embargo of Britain, 133–39
handling the attack on the USS Chesapeake, 146–47
reading of Madison's papers in Congress, 148
James Madison wanting Gallatin to be secretary of state, 169–70
James Monroe as secretary of state for Madison, 171, 212–13, 219, 245
Jefferson serving as Washington's secretary of state, 111
states’ rights, 44–45, 57, 67, 83, 135, 147, 148, 221, 223, 253–54, 288
Jefferson calling for conventions to settle disputes between states and federal government, 300
and Whiskey Rebellion, 66
steamships, 197–98, 235
Stelle, Pontius, 77
Steptoe, Lucy (Payne) (Dolley's sister), 35
Stevenson, Andrew, 348
Stevenson, George, 178
Stevenson, Sarah (Coles) “Sally” (Dolley's cou
sin), 285–86, 302, 324, 331
Story, Joseph, 138, 178, 225
Stuart, Gilbert, 22
Sukey (Dolley's servant), 22, 171, 341, 347
Supreme Court, 44, 142, 154, 165, 235, 241, 281, 285, 293, 300, 367
Swift Run Turnpike Company, 307
Talleyrand, Charles, 120–21
Tayloe, James, 79
Tayloe, John, 281, 338
Tayloe family, 24
Taylor, Hubbard, 47, 314
Taylor, James, 236
Taylor, John, 171
Taylor, W. H., 339
Texas, 123
Thornton, Anna, 51, 54–55, 177, 223–24, 268, 270, 273, 274, 360, 362
Thornton, William, 30, 76, 86, 101, 173, 176, 280, 286
three-fifths rule for counting slaves
in Constitution, 330
New England secession movement against, 277
and the new Virginia constitution, 302
“Timolean” (a.k.a. George Stevenson), 178
Tingey, Thomas, 94
Todd, Dolley (Payne). See Madison, Dolley
Todd, James (Dolley's brother-in-law), 36
Todd, James (son of Dolley's niece), 359–60
Todd, John (first husband of Dolley), 34–35, 36, 40
Todd, Lucy. See Washington, Lucy (Payne) (Dolley's sister)
Todd, Lucy (Dolley's niece), 357, 359, 361, 362
Todd, Payne (Dolley's son), 40, 41, 50, 53, 96, 234, 268, 270, 296, 306
behavior after James Madison's death, 349–55, 359
deciding to replicate James Madison's personality, 363–64
wanting Dolley to will everything to him, 366
causing problems for James and Dolley, 110–11, 127, 129, 315–16, 317–28
death of in 1852, 367
Dolley's efforts to match him with young women, 305, 321, 322
encouraging Dolley to grow tobacco, 349
going to Europe and Russia, 249, 318, 319, 320–21
not fit to serve as consul to Liverpool, England, 351
owing money, 317, 318, 323–24, 325–26, 327, 328, 341, 354, 365–66
as a probable sociopath, 319
returning to family in 1812, 247–48
trying silkworm farming, 321, 325
Todd, Thomas, 235, 236, 270, 308
Todd, William (Dolley's son), 35
Toddsberth, 321, 323, 325, 358, 359, 366
growth of after James Madison's death, 350–51
marble quarry on, 350
See also Orange County, VA
Tompkins, Daniel, 255
Treasury Department, destruction of during War of 1812, 29–30, 279
Tripoli, invasion of, 129, 288
Trumbull, Jonathan, 50
Tucker, George, 351–52
turbans, Dolley Madison wearing, 72, 73, 94, 97, 151, 175, 177, 178–79, 208, 226, 227, 241, 296, 304, 358, 360, 361
Turner, Nat, 342
Turreau, Louis-Marie, 99, 118, 157, 177
Tyler, John, 217, 351, 362, 363, 365
Tyler, Mrs. Robert, 362
United Nations, Madison calling for a similar organization, 300
United States
growth and change during Madison's time in Washington, DC, 191–201, 289, 294, 345, 346
growth of immigrant population, 293
having a small navy before War of 1812, 211
increasing size of, 289
Cuba, 187–88, 210
Florida, 187, 210
Louisiana Purchase, 107, 114, 117–24, 146, 153, 154, 157, 159, 187
Texas, 123
Madison's plan for a national highway system, 196–97
prosperity after War of 1812, 287
See also War of 1812
United States (US ship), 258
Universal Gazette (newspaper), 80
University of Virginia, Madison appointed to board of governors, 301, 314, 354
Van Buren, Abraham, 361
Van Buren, Martin, 97, 352, 361–62, 365
Van Courtland, General, 316
Vandalia, IL, 197
Van Ness, John, 281
Van Rensselaer, Stephen, 255
Vesey, Denmark, 342
Virginia Constitution, Madison working on new version, 301–302
Virginia Resolution, 58
Von Krudener, Paul, 305
Warden, David, 174
War Department, 105, 247, 257
destruction of during War of 1812, 30, 279
War Hawks, 204, 211, 216, 244, 247
War of 1812, 215–66, 277–89
after the war
Madison urging peace with Britain, 300
public opinion soaring after war, 287
allowing Barbary pirates to gain strength, 287–88
and the American Revolution, differences between, 252
battles
American victories, 239, 247, 258, 260, 263, 265, 283–85, 286
attempted invasions of Canada, 215, 220, 227, 243, 251–52, 255–56, 261
British victories, 251, 254, 255, 256, 259, 261–62
British naval blockades, 256, 262
British plan to attack New England, 262, 263, 265
burning of Washington, DC, 13–32, 278
efforts to rebuild, 281
problem getting government running again after, 279
Canada remaining British during and after war, 252, 285
declaration of war on June 1, 1812, 215–16, 220, 226–27
destruction of Navy Yard to prevent falling to British, 27
and Dolley Madison, 225–41
growth of influence during, 239–40
saving Washington's portrait, 22–23, 278
in Washington, DC, when British attacked, 13–32
and the Federalist Party, 209, 220, 243, 252, 253, 283
financing of, 248
and James Madison
addresses to Congress, 246–47, 262
in Bladensburg, MD, 16, 20
as commander in chief, 226–27, 243–44, 281
developing concept of General Staff, 262
“Mr. Madison's War,” 18, 32, 220, 221
retreat from Washington, DC, 25–26
and James Monroe, 19, 20, 244–45, 246, 280, 281
lead-up to, 146–47, 154, 155, 161, 183–89, 203–213, 236–37
1809 report of British outrages against America, 148
causes (see impressment of sailors)
doubting that America would ever go to war, 207
peace treaty in 1815, 226, 285. See also Ghent, peace negotiations in
public reaction to
after burning of Washington, DC, 278
Canadians siding with British, 252
early public support for, 211–12, 215–20, 244
fear of taxes being increased, 222
growth in criticism of, 228
negative reactions in New England, 204, 208, 211, 220–22, 238, 248, 251, 253, 279
purpose of the war, 224
and the Republican Party, 25, 200, 243, 246
smuggling during, 265–66
treatment of prisoners during, 266
US navy during, 252, 257
using privateers to attack British, 259–60, 263
Washington, DC, 165–66
choice of as capital, 83
designing of, 15–16
Dolley moving back to after James's death, 355–57, 358, 360–63
during Jefferson's administration, 75–104
efforts to move capital from, 165–66, 281–82, 286–87
efforts to rebuild, 281, 282, 287
growth of, 102, 131, 291–93
and John Adams, 56, 77
lack of crime in, 130
newspapers in, 80
racetrack in, 173–74
social life in, 75–76, 79, 83, 93. See also Jefferson, Thomas, and Dolley Madison; Madison, Dolley, social life of
and War of 1812
British reaction to burning of, 28
burning of Washington, DC, 13–32, 278
evacuation of, 17, 20
Madison's insistence on protecting, 238–39
rumors of eminent attacks, 239, 264
weather causing British to leave, 30
Washington, George, 16, 56, 107, 114, 148, 184, 253
Congress purchasing his papers, 352
death of, 83
during American Revolution, 195
efforts to save Americans from smallpox, 33–34
farewell address, 112
as a Federalist, 43, 56, 83
first term of, 43–44
and James Madison, 191
advising on politics, 64–65
as close friends, 38, 41, 43
cooling of friendship, 45
efforts by others to break friendship, 44
Madison's criticisms of, 67–68
love of nuts, 91
portrait of by Stuart, 22–23, 278
and the Potomack Canal, 192, 193
seeing himself as not having a political party, 67–68
and slavery, 329, 333
and Whiskey Rebellion, 66
Washington, George (Dolley's nephew), 299
Washington, George Steptoe, 35, 40, 42, 172
Washington, Lucy (Payne) (Dolley's sister), 40, 42, 70, 167, 172, 270, 346
later marriage to Thomas Todd, 235–36
Washington, Martha, 41
British threats against, 15
as First Lady, 86, 88
Washington, Sam (Dolley's nephew), 299
Washington and Jefferson Artillery Company, 187
Washington Expositor (newspaper), 143–44, 153
Washington Federalist (newspaper), 80, 123, 134, 137, 147, 196, 203
Washington Theater, 79
Watterston, George, 287
Webster, Daniel, 362–63
Webster, Noah, 228–29
Weems, Mason, 235
Wellington, duke of, 241, 263
Wheeling, WV, 197
Whig (journal), 177
Whig Party, 289, 363
Whiskey Rebellion (1794), 55, 67
Whitcomb, Samuel, 38
White House, 15
choosing a piano for, 71
as President's Mansion, 83
during John Adams's presidency, 88
remodeling of by Jefferson, 86
redecorating of by Dolley, 163–64, 232
usage of term, 11
and War of 1812, 18
British looting and burning of, 29, 32
Dolley Madison evacuating from, 22–24
rumors of Dolley Madison surrendering the White House, 13–14
saving the Washington portrait, 22–23, 278
Wickham, Miss, 310
“Wilderness Road,” 195
Wild Medley (horse owned by Thornton and Madison), 173, 176
Wiley's Tavern, 25, 31
Wilkins, William, 36, 37, 41
Wilkinson, James, 261
William and Mary, College of, 61, 217, 250
Willis, Dr., 126, 137
Willis, Nelly Conway (James's niece), 270
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