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October 11: The jury in Soon Ja Du’s case returns a verdict: Du is found guilty of voluntary manslaughter.
November 6: The Los Angeles City Council approves spending $7.1 million to settle claims of police brutality and excessive force. Total payments for the year exceed $13 million.
November 15: Compton Superior Court Judge Joyce A. Karlin sentences Soon Ja Du to five years probation, four hundred hours of community service, and a five-hundred-dollar fine for the shooting death of Latasha Harlins. State Senator Diane Watson said, “This might be the time bomb that explodes.”
November 26: Judge Stanley M. Weisberg chooses Simi Valley in neighboring Ventura County as the new venue for the trial of the officers charged in the King beating.
November 29: LAPD officers fatally shoot a black man, prompting a standoff with more than one hundred residents of the Imperial Courts housing project in Watts.
1992
February 3: Pretrial motions begin in the trial of the four LAPD officers accused of beating Rodney King.
March 4: Opening arguments begin in the King trial. None of the twelve jurors is African-American.
March 17: Prosecuting attorneys rest in the King trial.
April 3: Officer Briseno testifies that King never posed a threat to the LAPD officers.
April 16: Willie L. Williams, police commissioner in Philadelphia, is named to succeed Gates.
April 23: Jury begins deliberations in the King trial.
April 29: The jury returns not-guilty verdicts on all charges except one count of excessive force against Officer Powell; a mistrial is declared on that count alone. The verdict is carried live on television. Over two thousand people gather for a peaceful rally at First AME Church in South-Central Los Angeles. Violence erupts. Police dispatches relay reports of head wounds, vandalism, and burglary in an ever-widening radius. Reginald Denny is yanked from his truck cab and beaten unconscious at the intersection of Florence and Normandie; the incident is captured on video. Mayor Bradley declares a local emergency. Governor Pete Wilson calls out the National Guard. Fires break out over twenty-five blocks of central Los Angeles.
April 30: Bradley imposes a curfew for the entire city, restricts the sale of gasoline, and bans the sale of ammunition. The Justice Department announces it will resume an investigation into possible civil rights violations in the King beating. Retail outlets are looted and/or burned in South Los Angeles, Koreatown, Hollywood, Mid-Wilshire, Watts, Westwood, Beverly Hills, Compton, Culver City, Hawthorne, Long Beach, Norwalk, and Pomona.
May 1: More than a thousand Korean-Americans and others gather at a peace rally at Western Avenue and Wilshire Boulevard.
May 2: Clean-up crews hit the streets and volunteers truck food and clothing into the hardest hit neighborhoods. Thirty thousand people march through Koreatown in support of beleaguered merchants, calling for peace between Korean-Americans and blacks. Mayor Bradley appoints Peter Ueberroth to head the Rebuild LA effort. President Bush declares Los Angeles a disaster area.
May 3: The Los Angeles Times reports 58 deaths; 2,383 injuries; more than 7,000 fire responses; 12,111 arrests; 3,100 businesses damaged. The South Korean Foreign Ministry announces it will seek reparations for Korean-American merchants who suffered damages during the unrest.
May 4: With troops guarding the streets, Los Angeles residents return to work and school. Twenty to forty thousand people have been put out of work because their places of business were looted or burned. In violation of long-standing policy, LAPD officers cooperate with the Immigration and Naturalization Service and begin arresting illegal immigrants suspected of riot-related crimes. Suspects are turned over to the INS for probable deportation.
May 6: President Bush receives a telegram from Representative Dana Rohrabacher (Republican, Huntington Beach) demanding quick deportation of illegal immigrants arrested during the riots.
May 8: Federal troops begin to pull out from Los Angeles. The Crips and Bloods (the two major gangs in Los Angeles) announce plans for a truce.
May 11: Los Angeles Board of Police Commissioners appoints William H. Webster, former director of both the FBI and the CIA, to head a commission to study the LAPD’s performance during the civil unrest.
May 12: Damian Williams, Antoine Miller, and Henry K. Watson are arrested for the beating of Reginald Denny on April 29. Gary Williams surrenders to police later that day. They quickly become known as the L.A. Four.
May 16: Led by mayors of many of the nation’s largest cities, tens of thousands of protesters demonstrate in the nation’s capital demanding billions of federal dollars in vast urban aid.
May 19: A mistrial is declared in the case of a Compton police officer accused of fatally shooting two Samoan brothers a total of nineteen times, mostly in their backs. The jury was deadlocked nine to three in favor of acquittal.
May 21: Damian Williams, Henry K. Watson, and Antoine Miller are arraigned on thirty-three charges for offenses against thirteen motorists at the intersection of Florence and Normandie, including the attack on Reginald Denny. Bail is set at $580,000 for Williams, $500,000 for Watson, and $250,000 for Miller. None is able to post bail.
May 25: Korean grocers and leaders from the Bloods and Crips meet to discuss an alliance.
May 30: Chief Gates steps down. Willie Williams is sworn in.
July 7: Korean-American protesters are pelted with office supplies tossed from city hall windows during seventeenth day of protests over poor treatment from government officials since the riots.
September 24: Mayor Tom Bradley announces that he will not seek reelection the following June.
October 17: The Webster Commission reports that deficiencies in the LAPD leadership led to failure to respond quickly to April’s civil unrest.
November 10: The trial date for defendants in the Reginald Denny beating is set for March 15, 1993.
November 17: The Black-Korean Alliance members vote to disband.
December 14: The intersection of Florence and Normandie flares again as the Free the L.A. Four Defense Committee protests at the site of Denny’s beating.
1993
January 22: Superior Court Judge John W. Ouderkirk dismisses ten charges against the defendants in the L.A. Four case, including charges of torture and aggravated mayhem. The charges of attempted murder stand.
February 3: The federal civil rights trial against the four police officers begins.
April 7: Judge Ouderkirk grants the defense in the Reginald Denny case additional time for preparation.
April 17: The verdicts are returned in the federal King civil rights trial. Officers Briseno and Wind are acquitted. Officer Powell and Sergeant Koon are found guilty of violating Rodney King’s civil rights.
May 21: Peter Ueberroth resigns as cochairman of Rebuild L.A.
August 4: Sergeant Koon and Officer Powell are each sentenced to thirty-month prison terms.
August 19: The much-anticipated Reginald Denny beating trial begins in Los Angeles. Damian Williams, twenty, and Henry K. Watson, twenty-nine, are charged with a list of crimes including attempted murder of Reginald Denny and others in South Central near the corner of Florence and Normandie.
September 28: Final arguments begin in the Denny trial.
October 11: judge Ouderkirk dismisses a juror for “failing to deliberate as the law defines it.” The juror is replaced with an alternate.
October 12: judge Ouderkirk removes a second juror, who asked to be excused for personal reasons, from the jury in the Reginald Denny trial.
October 18: Damian Williams and Henry Keith Watson are acquitted of many of the counts against them.
December 7: Damian Williams sentenced to a maximum of ten years in prison for attacks on Reginald Denny.
Excerpted from the Center Theatre Group/Mark Taper Forum program. The program was edited by Ken Werther and the time line was originally compiled by Mara Issacs and subsequently revised by the McCarter Theatre in Princeton, New Jersey. Reprinted with permission.
Actress, playwright, and performance artist Anna Deavere Smith is the Obie Award winning writer-performer of Fires in the Mirror: Crown Heights, Brooklyn, and Other Identities (runner-up for the 1992 Pulitzer Prize in drama). The recipient of numerous other theater awards and honors, she is associate professor of drama at Stanford University.